华为内部培训资料Linux+基础

目 录
第 1章 命令行操作及常用命令使用...........................................................................................5
1.1 命令行操作...................................................................................................................5
1.1.1 Shell简介...........................................................................................................5
1.1.2 Shell控制台使用方法 ..........................................................................................6
1.2 常用命令使用................................................................................................................6
1.2.1 登录和退出Linux系统.........................................................................................6
1.2.2 文件和目录操作命令............................................................................................8
1.2.3 用户及用户组管理命令 ......................................................................................10
1.2.4 进程及任务管理命令..........................................................................................13
1.2.5 磁盘及文件系统管理命令...................................................................................16
1.2.6 软件安装命令....................................................................................................17
第 2章 文件查看/编辑方法介绍...............................................................................................19
2.1 cat 命令介绍...............................................................................................................19
2.2 vi 命令介绍.................................................................................................................19
2.2.1 vi的进入与退出.................................................................................................20
2.2.2 vi中显示行号....................................................................................................20
2.2.3 光标移动操作....................................................................................................21
2.2.4 文本插入操作....................................................................................................22
2.2.5 文本修改操作....................................................................................................23
2.2.6 文本搜索与替换操作..........................................................................................25
2.3 head 及tail 命令介绍...................................................................................................26
第 3章 网络配置及操作..........................................................................................................27
3.1 网络配置命令..............................................................................................................27
3.1.1 ifconfig.............................................................................................................27
3.1.2 route................................................................................................................28
3.2 网络操作命令..............................................................................................................30
3.2.1 netstat..............................................................................................................30
3.2.2 nslookup..........................................................................................................31
3.2.3 host.................................................................................................................32
3.2.4 finger...............................................................................................................32
3.2.5 Ping 命令..........................................................................................................33
3.3 常用网络配置文件介绍................................................................................................33
3.3.1 /etc/sysconfig/network 网络设置.........................................................................34
3.3.2 /etc/hosts IP 地址和主机名的映射.......................................................................34
3.3.3 /etc/services.....................................................................................................35
3.3.4 /etc/host.conf 配置名字解析器............................................................................35
3.3.5 /etc/nsswitch.conf 配置名字解析器.....................................................................36
3.3.6 /etc/resolv.conf 配置DNS 客户 ..........................................................................37
3.3.7 /etc/xinetd.conf.................................................................................................37
3.3.8 /etc/modules.conf文件......................................................................................39
3.3.9 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethN 文件.....................................................39
3.4 常用网络操作方法.......................................................................................................39
3.4.1 ftp 远程文件传输 ...............................................................................................40
3.4.2 telnet................................................................................................................42
3.4.3 r-系列命令........................................................................................................43
第 4章 常用使用技巧..............................................................................................................45
4.1 Linux下软件包的安装及卸载........................................................................................45
4.1.1 RPM 安装操作..................................................................................................45
4.1.2 RPM 查询操作..................................................................................................45
4.1.3 RPM 卸载操作..................................................................................................46
4.1.4 RPM 升级操作..................................................................................................46
4.1.5 RPM 验证操作..................................................................................................46
4.1.6 RPM 的其他附加命令 ........................................................................................47
4.2 Linux操作系统的时钟系统...........................................................................................47
4.2.1 时钟系统介绍....................................................................................................47
4.2.2 硬件时钟系统与系统时间的同步.........................................................................47
4.3 系统信息及运行状态监控.............................................................................................48
4.3.1 df 命令..............................................................................................................49
4.3.2 du 命令.............................................................................................................49
4.3.3 top 命令............................................................................................................49
4.3.4 iostat 命令........................................................................................................50
4.4 打包/压缩工具tar........................................................................................................50
4.5 文件及文件内容的查找................................................................................................51
4.5.1 文件查找命令find..............................................................................................51
4.5.2 文件内容查找命令grep......................................................................................51
4.6 Linux的系统服务及其配置...........................................................................................52
4.6.1 服务简介 ..........................................................................................................52
4.6.2 启动和停止服务 ................................................................................................52
4.6.3 服务的添加 删除 自动运行及状态 ..................................................................53
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