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Debian Sarge ÉèÖñ¸Íü

·¢²¼Ê±¼ä:2006-02-22 16:42:02À´Ô´:ºìÁª×÷Õß:Mrlinux
1.°²×°¹ý³ÌÖÐAPTµÄÉèÖÃ

ÉèÖÃAPT´úÀí£¬ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨
#export http_proxy=http://ip:port(ÁÙʱ)
»òÕßÐÞ¸Ä/etc/apt/apt.conf£¬Ìí¼Ó
Acquire::http::proxy "http://yourproxy:yourport/"; £¨×¢Òâ×îºóÃæ±ØÐëÓá°;¡±½áÊø£©



2.¿ØÖÆ̨·Ö±æÂÊÉèÖÃ(grub)

sarge·¢ÐаæµÄÄÚºËÒѾ­ÓÐframebufferÖ§³Ö£¬ÉèÖÃÒ»ÏÂgrubµÄmenu.lstµÄÆô¶¯²ÎÊý¼´¿É
ÀýÈçÎÒÒªÁî¿ØÖÆ̨ÒÔ800x600x256Æô¶¯£¬Ö»ÒªÔÚ/boot/grub/ment.lstÀïµÄ
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.8-2-386 root=/dev/hdb7 ro
ÕâÒ»¸ö×îºó¼ÓÉÏvga=771£¬¼´
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.8-2-386 root=/dev/hdb7 ro vga=771
×¢£º²»Í¬µÄÄÚºËÕâÒ»¾äÄÚÈÝÉÔÓв»Í¬


3.nvidiaÇý¶¯°²×°¼°XF86Config-4ÅäÖÃ
×¢£º³ö×ÔHi-WeedÍøÕ¾µÄHOWTO£¬×÷ÁËÒ»µãÐÞ¸Ä

nVidia ?¿¨??³ÌʽÊÇÖÐ??²¿·Ý?³É£º Ò»ÊÇϵ?ºËÐÄÄ£?(kernle module)£¬¶þÊÇÓÃ??µÄ?(user-space libraries)¡£
ÓÃ??µÄ?ÊDz»?Ô´µÄ£¬Ò²½Ð(GLX?£©£¬ÓÉnVidia?ÉÌÖ±½Ó??µÄ¼º??°ü¡£ºËÐÄÄ£?ÊÇÒÔÔ´?ÐÎʽ£¨?ÈÔÓÐÒ»?¼º???¼þ£©£¬ÔÚDebianϵİüÊÇ nvidia-kernel-source ºÍ nvidia-kernel-common¡£??°ü¶¼Ö»ÊÇÒª°²?Ò»´Î¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË£¬¶øºËÐÄÄ£?¾ÍÒªÔÚÿ´ÎÄãÖؽ¨»ò¸ü¸Äϵ?ºËÐÄ?ÖØÐÂ??¡£

Ö÷ÒªÓÐÒÔÏÂÈý?²½?£º

1¡£ ??¼°°²? nVidiaµÄºËÐÄÄ£?
2¡£ °²?ÓÃ???
3¡£ ¸üÐÂÄãµÄϵ?ÅäÖÃ


²½?0£º ?????¾³
=================

# apt-get install kernel-headers-$KVERS
×¢£º$KVERSÊÇÒѾ­°²×°µÄÄں˰汾£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃÒÔÏÂÃüÁî²é¿´
#uname -r
¼ÙÈçÄã°²×°µÄÁ½¸ö»òÒÔÉÏÄںˣ¬Ñ¡ÔñÆäÖÐÒ»¸ö


²½?1£º ??¼°°²? nVidiaµÄºËÐÄÄ£?
=================

Code.1.1 ?ÖÃһЩ·½±ãµÄ?¾³??

# export KVERS=$(uname -r)

# export KSRC=/usr/src/kernel-headers-$KVERS

Code.1.2 °²?nVidia ?¿¨??³Ìʽϵ?ºËÐÄÄ£?°ü

# apt-get install nvidia-kernel-source nvidia-kernel-common
??±ã?ÔÚ/usr/src?ÕÒµ½?°²?µÄÄ£?°ü

Code.1.3 ½â°ü
# cd /usr/src
# tar -zxf nvidia-kernel-source.tar.gz

Code.1.4 Öؽ¨£¨??£©Ä£?
# cd /usr/src/modules/nvidia-kernel
# debian/rules binary_modules
ºÃ£¡Íê³É??£¬??ÍêµÄdebian°ü¿ÉÒÔÔÚ/usr/src/modules/(»ò/usr/src/ ??)?ÕÒµ½¡£

Code.1.5 °Ñ??Íê³ÉµÄ??°ü°²?µ½Ïµ?
# dpkg -i /usr/src/modules/nvidia-kernel-*.deb
*Èç¹ûÄãÓжàì¶Ò»?nvidia-kernel°üÔÚ?Ä¿?Ï£¬¾ÍÒªÖ¸Ã÷ÓÃÄÄ?°üÀ²£¡

²½?2£º°²?ÓÃ???
=================

Code.2.1 °²?nVidiaµÄÓÃ???
# apt-get install nvidia-glx


²½?3£º ¸üÐÂϵ?ÅäÖÃ
=================
Code.3.1 ÐÞ¸Ä X ËÅ·þÆ÷ÅäÖ㬿´Ï·½ÒýÓÃ
# nano -w /etc/X11/XF86Config-4


Code.3.2 ÖØÒª/etc/X11/XF86Config-4¸ü¸Ä²¿·Ý

...Module Section

Load "glx"

#Load "dri"

#Load "GLCore"

...Device Section
Driver "nvidia" #±¾?¶¼ÊÇ "nv"»ò"vesa"°É£¿

Code. °ÑnvidiaÁÐÈëϵ?×Ô??ÈëµÄÄ£?ÅäÖÃÁбí°É¡£
# grep -q ^nvidia /etc/modules ||echo nvidia>>/etc/modules
×¢£ºÕâÒ»²½ºÃÏñÊ¡ÂÔÁËҲûʲôÎÊÌ⣬nvidiaÇý¶¯»¹ÊÇÕý³£ÔËÐÐÁË
Áí£º×öÍêÕ⼸²½ºóÄã¿ÉÄܻᷢÏÖ2.4Äں˱»°²×°ÉÏÁË£¬ÓÃapt-getɾ³ý¼´¿É
ºó»°£ºÎÒ·¢ÏÖÒѾ­Ã»±ØÒªÓÃÕâÖÖ·½·¨°²×°nvidiaµÄÇý¶¯ÁË£¬Óиü·½±ãµÄ·½·¨£¬¾ÍÊÇÓÃmodule-assistant¡£

4.localesÅäÖÃ(UTF-8)

#dpkg-reconfigure locales
Ñ¡ÉÏ
en_US ISO-8859-1
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
en_US.ISO-8859-15 ISO-8859-15
zh_CN.GB18030 GB18030
zh_CN GB2312
zh_CN.GBK GBK
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_HK BIG5-HKSCS
zh_HK.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_TW BIG5
zh_TW.EUC-TW EUC-TW
zh_TW.UTF-8 UTF-8

PS£º¾¿¾¹ÒªÑ¡¶àÉÙ¸ölocale²ÅÐÐÎÒ²»¿Ï¶¨

ϵͳĬÈÏÑ¡
en_US.UTF-8

±à¼­/etc/environment
LANGUAGE="en_CN:en_US:en_GB:en"
LANG=en_US.UTF-8


5.¼¸¸öÓÅÐãµÄÖÐÎÄ×ÖÌå°²×°
1) fireflyµÄNew Sung
Ìí¼ÓÔ´(ÆäÖÐfireflyµÄNew SungÔÚustcĿ¼)
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian-uo sid java ustc rareware marillat misc
#apt-get install ttf-firefly-sung
ÐÞ¸ÄXF86Config-4
¼ÓÉÏ×ÖÌå·¾¶
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/"


2) Uming¼´AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni×ÖÌåµÄ°²×°
×îеÄUmingÒѾ­¼ÓÈëÁËfireflyµÄµãÕó×Ö£¬×ÖÌåºÜÇåÎú
ÔÚ¼ÓÈësidÔ´»òÕßÖ±½ÓÏÂÔØÏÂÀ´°²×°¼´¿É

3) ÎÄȪ×ÖÌåµÄ°²×°
×î½üÎÄȪ×ÖÌåÒѾ­·Å³öÁË5.0Õýʽ°æ£¬°üÀ¨9µ½12ptµÄµãÕó×Ö£¬ÓÃÔÚGTK1µÄ³ÌÐòÀï¾ÍºÜºÃ

6.lftpÅäÖÃ(ÅäºÏUTF-8)

ÏÈÊÔÊÔÓÃlftpµÇ¼һÏÂFTP£¬¼¸ºõ¶¼ÊÇÂÒÂë(ÒòΪ¾ø´ó¶àÊýµÄFTPÓõÄÊÇGBK±àÂë)
±à¼­~/.lftp/rc
set ftp:charset "gbk"
set file:charset "UTF-8"
ºÃÁË£¬ÔٵǼһÏ£¬Ò»ÇÐOK
ÉèÖôúÀí(Èç¹ûÐèÒª)
set http:proxy http://ip:port
set hftp:proxy hftp://ip:port

7.SCIM°²×°
×¢£º²Î¿¼SCIMÖ÷Ò³WikiÖеÄUbuntu/KubuntuµÄ°²×°ÅäÖÃ

1)°²×°
#apt-get install scim scim-tables-zh uim scim-gtk2-immodule scim-uim
×¢£º°´ÎÒµÄÀí½â£¬uim

2)ÅäÖÃ
ÔÚ/etc/X11/Xsession.dĿ¼Ð½¨Ò»¸öÎļþ95Custom_Input(ÎļþÃû²»Ò»¶¨ÒªÓÃÕâ¸ö£¬µ«Ó¦¸Ã¶¼ÒªÁ½Î»Êý×Ö¿ªÊ¼)£¬ÄÚÈÝÈçÏ£º
export XMODIFIERS="@im=SCIM"
export GTK_IM_MODULE="scim"
export XIM_PROGRAM="scim -d"
export QT_IM_MODULE="scim"

3)ÉèÖÃ×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯
Ê×ÏÈÊÇgnome
System->Preferences->Sessions
ÔÚStartup Programs ¼ÓÉÏ scim -d

È»ºóÊÇKDE
ÔÚ .kde/Autostart/Ŀ¼´´½¨Ò»¸öÎļþstartscim£¬ÄÚÈÝÈçÏ£º
#!/bin/sh
scim -d

ÔÙÊäÈëÃüÁî
$chmod 744 startscim

ÖØÆôX¼´¿É£¬ÔÚfirefox, Qterm, Opera(shared)ÖÐÊäÈ붼ûÎÊÌâ

×¢£º
1. °²×°ÍêSCIMºó¿ÉÄܶà³öÁËttf-arphic-bsmi00lp(¼´AR PL Mingti2L Big5), ttf-arphic-gkai00mp(AR PL KaitiM GB)Á½¸ö×ÖÌ壬°ÑËüÃÇɾ³ý£¬ÒòΪËüÃǾ­³£Óëfirefly New Sung³åÍ»(ÔÚfirefoxÖÐÌرðÑÏÖØ£¬×ÖÌå»á±äµÃºÜÄÑ¿´£¬ËäȻҲ¿ÉÊÖ¶¯ÉèÖÃ×ÖÌå½â¾ö£¬µ«²»Ë¬)¡£
2.ʹÓÃuimºÃÏñÊÇÎÒÔÝʱÁ˽⵽µÄ°²×°SCIMµÄ×îºÃ·½·¨£¬²»ÓÃpatch QTÓÖ²»ÓÃÖ±½Ó¸úXIM´ò½»µÀ¾Í¸ã¶¨ÁËGTK³ÌÐòºÍQT³ÌÐò(Á¬×îÍç¹ÌµÄOpera¶¼½â¾öÁË£¬ÍÛ¹þ¹þ)
3.Opera×îºÃʹÓÃshared°æµÄ£¬static°æµÄ¾­³£³öÏÖʲô¶¼ÊäÈë²»Á˵ÄÇé¿ö


8.gnome°²×°¼°ÅäÖÃ

#apt-get install gnome-applets gdm
±à¼­/etc/environmentʹgtk2.0µÄ³ÌÐòʹÓÃXft(gtk1ʹÓõÄÊÇXºËÐÄ×ÖÌ壬gtk2.2×Ô¶¯Ê¹ÓÃXft)
export GDK_USE_XFT=1

¸ü¸ÄgdmµÄµÇ¼½çÃæΪӢÎÄ
±à¼­/etc/default/gdm
LANG=en_US.UTF-8

°²×°Ö÷Ìâ
°ÑÏÂÔصÄÖ÷Ìâ½âѹµ½~/.themesĿ¼(Ò²¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃapt-get°²×°£­Èç¹ûÓÐÔ´µÄ»°)
×îºÃÑ¡ÔñһЩÁÁÒ»µãµÄÖ÷Ì⣬ÕâÑù×ÖÌå¿´ÆðÀ´»áºÃ¿´Ò»µã£¬ÈçMacOS-X

ÉèÖÃgtk1, gtk2³ÌÐòµÄtheme
#apt-get install gtk-theme-switch

ÉèÖÃgtk1
#switch
Èç¹û³öÏÖÈçÏÂÌáʾ
Gtk-WARNING **: Unable to locate loadable module in module_path: "libpixmap.so",
°²×°gtk-engines-pixmap

ÉèÖÃgtk2
#switch2
×¢£ººÃÏñ¾ÉÒ»µãµÄ°æ±¾gtk-theme-switchºÍgtk-theme-switch2ÊÇÁ½¸ö°üµÄ£¬ÏÖÔÚͳһµ½Ò»¸ö°üÖС£ÔËÐÐÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔΪswitchºÍswitch2»ògtk-theme-switchºÍgtk-theme-switch2¡£


9.KDEµÄ°²×°¼°ÅäÖÃ
#apt-get install kde-core
ÔÚControl CenterµÄfontÄÇÀï´ò¿ªAA£¬Òª²»Ó¢ÎÄ×ÖÌå»áºÜÄÑ¿´


10.²»Í¬×ÀÃæ»·¾³µÄ×ÖÌåͳһÉèÖÃ(Xft.dpi)

¾­³£Åöµ½ÕâÑùµÄÎÊÌ⣬GTKµÄ³ÌÐòÔÚGnomeÏÂ×ÖÌå´óСÉèÖúúó£¬ÔÚKDEÏ»á±äµÃºÜС¡£ÕâÊÇÓÉÓÚÁ½¸ö×ÀÃæ»·¾³µÄdpiĬÈÏÖµ²»Ò»£¬GnomeÊÇ96£¬KDEÊÇ75
É趨 Xft.dpi ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÕâ¸öÎļþ ~/.Xresources
Àï±ßдÈë Xft.dpi:96
96 ÊÇ ÖеȴóС £¬ 75 ÊÇС £¬ 100 ÊDZȽϴóµÄ×ÖÌå
ÕâÑùÉ趨֮ºóKDEµÄ×ÖÌå¿ÉÄÜ»á±äµÃºÜ´ó£¬ÔÚ¿ØÖÆÖÐÐÄÉè³ÉСһµã¼´¿É


11.Acrobat Reader 7.0µÄ°²×°

¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ÒѾ­ÓмòÌåÖÐÎÄÌåÁË£¬ÏÂÔØLinuxµÄRPM°ü£¬È»ºóÀûÓù¤¾ßalien°ÑËüתΪÏàÓ¦µÄdeb°ü£¬¼ÙÉè°üÎļþÃûΪAdobeReader_chs-7.0.0-2.i386.rpm
$fakeroot alien AdobeReader_chs-7.0.0-2.i386.rpm
µÈ´ýÒ»¶Îʱ¼äºó¾ÍÉú³ÉÁËÏàÓ¦µÄdeb°ü¡£
$sudo dpkg -i adobereader-chs_7.0.0-3_i386.deb
×¢£º adobereader-chs_7.0.0-3_i386.debÊǸղÅÉú³ÉµÄdeb°ü¡£²»ÖªÎªÊ²Ã´×ª³öÀ´µÄ°üºÃÏñÓеãÎÊÌ⣬ /usr/bin/acroreadÕâ¸öÁ´½ÓºÃÏñÊǿյģ¬µ«ÔËÐÐ/usr/local/Adobe/Acrobat7.0/bin/acroreadûÎÊÌ⣬×Ô½¨Ò»¸öеÄÁ´½Ó
$sudo ln -s /usr/local/Adobe/Acrobat7.0/bin/acroread /usr/bin/acroread
$acroread
OK£¬Ã»ÎÊÌâÁË



12.UÅÌ×Ô¶¯¼ÓÔØ

#apt-get install gnome-volume-manager
²åÈëUÅ̾ͻá×Ô¶¯¼ÓÔص½/media/Ŀ¼£¬ÖÐÎÄÏÔʾҲûÎÊÌ⣬UTF-8¾ÍÊǺÃ
×¢£ºÖ»ÊʺÏGnome»·¾³£¬KDEÁíÓмÓÔØ·½·¨£¬Î´Ã÷

13.alsaÇý¶¯°²×°ÅäÖÃ
1.09°æ±¾ÒѾ­ÌṩÁ˶àÒôƵÁ÷µÄÖ§³Ö
#apt-get install alsa-base/unstable alsa-utils/unstable
È»ºóÓÃ
#alsaconf
ÅäÖúÃÉù¿¨£¬ÖØÆô
gnome-alsamixer(ͼÐÎ)»òÕßalsamixer(ÃüÁîÐÐ)µ÷ºÃÒôÁ¿
#alsactl store //not sure whether neccesary

×¢£ºÍêȫûÓгöÏÖÓëoss³åÍ»µÄÎÊÌ⣬ËùÒÔÒ²²»ÓÃÆÁ±ÎÆäÄ£¿é£¬ºÜ˳Àû£¬ÄÚºËÓõÄÊÇ×Ô¼º±àÒëµÄ2.6£¬debianϵͳÌṩµÄÄÚºËδ²âÊÔ£¬ÎÒ¶ÔÓÚÄÚºËÌṩµÄoss,alsaÖ§³ÖÓëalsa-baseµÈÁ˽â±È½Ïº¬ºý£¬Î´Ã÷ËùÒÔ¡£


15.OpenOffice°²×°ÅäÖÃ


$sudo apt-get install openoffice.org
Èç¹ûÒªÖÐÎĽçÃæ
$sudo apt-get install openoffice.org openoffice.org-l10n-zh-cn
ĬÈϽçÃæ¶ÔÖÐÎÄÖ§³ÖÓеãÎÊÌâ
´ò¿ªOpenofficeºó£¬Alt+t-->o
OpenOffice.orgµÄµ¹ÊýµÚËÄÏî(¼´fontÏî)
ÊäÈëAndale Sans UI£¬½«ËüÓÃÒ»¸öÖÐÎÄ×ÖÌåÌæ´ú£¬±ðÍüÁËÓұߵÄÂ̹´£¬»¹Òª°ÑAlways¹´ÉÏ
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