ºìÁªLinuxÃÅ»§
Linux°ïÖú

Linux kernel µÄʹÓÃÎÊÌâ

·¢²¼Ê±¼ä:2007-07-26 00:20:35À´Ô´:ºìÁª×÷Õß:Keropsrx
ÍøÂç·þÎñÆ÷ÓÉÓÚҪͬʱΪ¶à¸ö¿Í»§Ìṩ·þÎñ£¬¾Í±ØÐëʹÓÃijÖÖ·½Ê½À´Ö§³ÖÕâÖÖ¶àÈÎÎñµÄ·þÎñ·½Ê½¡£Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏ¿ÉÒÔÓÐÈýÖÖ·½Ê½À´Ñ¡Ôñ£¬¶à½ø³Ì·½Ê½¡¢¶àÏ̷߳½Ê½¼°Òì²½·½Ê½¡£ÆäÖУ¬¶à½ø³Ì·½Ê½ÖзþÎñÆ÷¶ÔÒ»¸ö¿Í»§ÒªÊ¹ÓÃÒ»¸ö½ø³ÌÀ´Ìṩ·þÎñ£¬ÓÉÓÚÔÚ²Ù×÷ϵͳÖУ¬Éú³ÉÒ»¸ö½ø³ÌÐèÒª½ø³ÌÄڴ渴ÖƵȶîÍâµÄ¿ªÏú£¬ÕâÑùÔÚ¿Í»§½Ï¶àʱµÄÐÔÄܾͻήµÍ¡£ÎªÁË¿Ë·þÕâÖÖÉú³É½ø³ÌµÄ¶îÍ⿪Ïú£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓöàÏ̷߳½Ê½»òÒì²½·½Ê½¡£ÔÚ¶àÏ̷߳½Ê½ÖУ¬Ê¹Óýø³ÌÖеĶà¸öÏß³ÌÌṩ·þÎñ£¬ÓÉÓÚÏ̵߳ĿªÏú½ÏС£¬ÐÔÄܾͻáÌá¸ß¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬²»ÐèÒªÈκζîÍ⿪ÏúµÄ·½Ê½»¹ÊÇÒì²½·½Ê½£¬ËüʹÓ÷Ç×èÈûµÄ·½Ê½Óëÿ¸ö¿Í»§Í¨ÐÅ£¬·þÎñÆ÷ʹÓÃÒ»¸ö½ø³Ì½øÐÐÂÖѯ¾ÍÐÐÁË¡£Òì²½·½Ê½Ï£¬¶à¸öÈÎÎñÖ®¼äµÄµ÷¶ÈÊÇÓÉ·þÎñÆ÷³ÌÐò×ÔÉíÀ´Íê³ÉµÄ£¬¶øÇÒÒ»µ©Ò»¸öµØ·½³öÏÖÎÊÌâÔòÕû¸ö·þÎñÆ÷¾Í»á³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬²»ÔÚÌÖÂ۵ķ¶Î§ÄÚ¡£Ôö´óϵͳÏ̵߳ÄÊýÁ¿£ºÏÞÖÆÏ̵߳ÄÊýÁ¿µÄÒòËغܶ࣬Ö÷ÒªÓнø³ÌÊýÁ¿µÄÏÞÖÆ£¬ÄÚ´æ´óСµÄÏÞÖÆ£¬mutex/semaphore/shm/ipcµÄÏÞÖÆ£»Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏÂÏÈÔö´ó½ø³Ì×î´óÊý£¬ÔÙÀ©³äÄڴ棬ÔÚÔö´óÏß³Ì×î´óÊý£¬¶øÔö´óÏß³Ì×î´óÊýµÄ·½·¨ºÜ¼òµ¥£¬Ö»Ðè¸Ä±äglibcÖÐÁ½´¦¼´¿É£ºÏß³Ì×î´óÊýºÍÏ̶߳ÑÕ»ÇøµÄ´óС£»Ïß³Ì×î´óÊýµÄÔö¼ÓÊÇÒÔ½ø³ÌµÄÒì²½I/O ÐÔÄÜÏÂΪ´ú¼Û£»ËùÒÔÐèÒª¼ÓÒÔƽºâ¡£

ÂçÅäÖÃÎļþÖÐÓÐÓõÄÄÚÈÝ

1. ¶ÔÓÚÊý¾Ý¿â¶øÑÔ£¬Ôö´ó¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¶ÎºÍÐźÅÁ¿µÄ¶àÉÙ£¬¶ÔÊý¾Ý´«ÊäЧÂʵÄÌá¸ßÆ𵽺ÜÖØÒªµÄ×÷Óã»

·½·¨£ºÖ»Ðè±à¼­Îļþlinux/include/linux/sem.hºÍlinux/include/asm-i386/shmparam.h¼´¿É¡£

2. ÏÈÔö´ó½ø³Ì×î´óÊý£¬ÔÙÀ©³äÄڴ棬ÔÙÔö´óÏß³Ì×î´óÊý£¬¶øÔö´óÏß³Ì×î´óÊýµÄ·½·¨ºÜ¼òµ¥£¬Ö»Ðè¸Ä±äglibcÖÐÁ½´¦¼´¿É£ºÏß³Ì×î´óÊýºÍÏ̶߳ÑÕ»ÇøµÄ´óС£»

3. °Ñ"/etc/inittab"ÎļþÖеÄÒ»ÐÐ×¢Ê͵ô¿ÉÒÔ½ûÖ¹ÓÃControl-Alt-Delete¹Ø±Õ¼ÆËã»ú¡£Èç¹û·þÎñÆ÷²»ÊÇ·ÅÔÚÒ»¸ö°²È«µÄµØ·½£¬Õâ·Ç³£ÖØÒª¡£

±à¼­inittabÎļþ£¨vi /etc/inittab£©°ÑÕâÒ»ÐУº

ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now

¸ÄΪ£º

#ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now

ÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁîʹ¸Ä±äÉúЧ£º

[root@deep]# /sbin/init q

4. /etc/host.conf ÎļþÖ¸¶¨ÈçºÎ½âÎöÖ÷»úÃû¡£Linuxͨ¹ý½âÎöÆ÷¿âÀ´»ñµÃÖ÷»úÃû¶ÔÓ¦µÄIPµØÖ·¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸ö"/etc/host.conf"µÄʾÀý£º

order bind,hosts :Ö¸¶¨Ö÷»úÃû²éѯ˳Ðò£¬ÕâÀï¹æ¶¨ÏÈʹÓÃDNSÀ´½âÎöÓòÃû£¬È»ºóÔÙ²éѯ"/etc/hosts"Îļþ(Ò²¿ÉÒÔÏà·´)¡£

¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¸ÃÎļþºó¼ÓÉÏÒÔÏÂÁ½¾ä£º

multi on£ºÖ¸¶¨µÄÖ÷»ú¿ÉÒÔÓжà¸öµØÖ·£¬ÓµÓжà¸öIPµØÖ·µÄÖ÷»úÒ»°ã³ÆΪ¶àѨÖ÷»ú¡£

ospoof on£ºÖ¸²»ÔÊÐí¶Ô¸Ã·þÎñÆ÷½øÐÐIPµØÖ·ÆÛÆ­£¬ÒÔÌá¸ß·þÎñÆ÷µÄ°²È«ÐÔ¡£IPÆÛÆ­ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¹¥»÷ϵͳ°²È«µÄÊֶΣ¬Í¨¹ý°ÑIPµØַαװ³É±ðµÄ¼ÆËã»ú£¬À´È¡µÃÆäËü¼ÆËã»úµÄÐÅÈΡ£

¿Éµ÷гµÄLinuxÄÚºËÍøÂç²ÎÊý


ICMPÏà¹ØÄÚºËÅäÖòÎÊý

¸ÅÊö£ºÍ¨³£ÎÒÃÇʹÓÃicmp°üÀ´Ì½²âÄ¿µÄÖ÷»úÉϵÄÆäËüЭÒ飨ÈçtcpºÍudp£©ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÓᣱÈÈç°üº¬"destination unreachable"ÐÅÏ¢µÄicmp°ü¾ÍÊÇ×î³£¼ûµÄicmp°ü¡£

£¨1£© icmp_destunreach_rate£ºÉèÖÃÄÚÈÝΪ"Destination Unreachable"icmp°üµÄÏìÓ¦ËÙÂÊ¡£ÉèÖÃֵӦΪÕûÊý¡£

Ó¦ÓÃʵÀý£º ¼ÙÉèÓÐA¡¢BÁ½²¿Ö÷»ú£¬Ê×ÏÈÎÒÃÇÔÚÖ÷»úAÉÏÖ´ÐÐÒÔÏÂipchainsÓï¾ä£º

ipchains £­A input -p icmp -j REJECT

ÕâÀïµÄREJECTºÍDENY²»Í¬£¬DENY»á¶ªµô·ûºÏÌõ¼þµÄ°üÈçͬûÓнÓÊÕµ½¸Ã°üÒ»Ñù£¬¶øREJECT»áÔÚ¶ªµô¸Ã°üµÄͬʱ¸øÇëÇóÖ÷»ú·¢»ØÒ»¸ö"Destination Unreachable"µÄicmp¡£

È»ºóÔÚÖ÷»úBÉÏpingÖ÷»úA£¬ÕâʱºòÎÒÃǻᷢÏÖ"Destination Unreachable"icmp°üµÄÏìÓ¦ËÙ¶ÈÊǺܼ°Ê±µÄ¡£½Ó×ÅÎÒÃÇÔÚÖ÷»úAÉÏÖ´ÐУº

echo "1000" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_destunreach_rate

Ò²¼´Ã¿10ÃëÖÓÏìÓ¦Ò»¸ö"Destination Unreachable"µÄicmp°ü¡£

ÕâʱºòÔÙ´ÓÖ÷»úBÉÏpingÖ÷»úA¾Í»á·¢ÏÖ"Destination Unreachable"icmp°üµÄÏìÓ¦ËÙ¶ÈÒѾ­Ã÷ÏÔ±äÂý£¬ÎҺܺÃÆæµÄ²âÊÔÁËһϣ¬·¢ÏÖ¸ÕºÃÊÇÿ10ÃëÏìÓ¦Ò»´Î¡£

£¨2£©icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts£ºÉèÖÃÊÇ·ñÏìÓ¦icmp echoÇëÇó¹ã²¥£¬ÉèÖÃֵӦΪ²¼¶ûÖµ£¬0±íʾÏìÓ¦icmp echoÇëÇó¹ã²¥£¬1±íʾºöÂÔ¡£

×¢Ò⣺windowsϵͳÊDz»ÏìÓ¦icmp echoÇëÇó¹ã²¥µÄ¡£

Ó¦ÓÃʵÀý£º

ÔÚÎÒµÄRedHat6.xºÍRedHat7ÉϸÃֵȱʡΪ0£¬ÕâÑùµ±ÓиöÓû§pingÎҵķþÎñÆ÷ËùÔÚµÄÍø¶ÎµÄÍøÂçµØַʱ£¬ËùÓеÄlinux·þÎñÆ÷¾Í»áÏìÓ¦£¬´Ó¶øÒ²ÄÜÈÃÈøÃÓû§µÃµ½ÎҵķþÎñÆ÷µÄipµØÖ·£¬¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐ

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts

À´¹Ø±Õ¸Ã¹¦ÄÜ¡£´Ó¶ø·ÀÖ¹icmp·ç±©£¬·ÀÖ¹ÍøÂç×èÈû¡£

£¨3£©icmp_echoreply_rate:ÉèÖÃϵͳÏìÓ¦icmp echoÇëÇóµÄicmp°üµÄÏìÓ¦Ëٶȣ¬ÉèÖÃֵΪÕûÊý¡£

Ó¦ÓÃʵÀý£º

¼ÙÉèÓÐA¡¢BÁ½²¿Ö÷»ú£¬Ê×ÏÈÎÒÃÇÔÚÖ÷»úBÉÏpingÖ÷»úA£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÏìÓ¦ºÜÕý³££¬È»ºóÔÚÖ÷»úAÉÏÖ´ÐÐ

echo "1000" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echoreply_rate

Ò²¼´Ã¿10ÃëÖÓÏìÓ¦Ò»¸öicmp echoÇëÇó°ü¡£È»ºóÔÙpingÖ÷»úA¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÏìÓ¦ËÙ¶ÈÒѾ­±ä³É10ÃëÒ»´Î¡£

×îºÃºÏÀíµÄµ÷Õû¸Ã²ÎÊýµÄÖµÀ´·ÀÖ¹icmp·ç±©¡£

£¨4£©icmp_echo_ignore_all:ÉèÖÃϵͳÊÇ·ñºöÂÔËùÓеÄicmp echoÇëÇó£¬Èç¹ûÉèÖÃÁËÒ»¸ö·Ç0Öµ£¬ÏµÍ³½«ºöÂÔËùÓеÄicmp echoÇëÇó¡£ÆäʵÕâÊÇicmp_echoreply_rateµÄÒ»ÖÖ¼«¶ËÇé¿ö¡£²ÎÊýֵΪ²¼¶ûÖµ£¬1£º±íʾºöÂÔ£¬0£º±íʾÏìÓ¦¡£

£¨5£©icmp_paramprob_rate£ºµ±ÏµÍ³½ÓÊÕµ½Êý¾Ý±¨µÄË𻵵Äip»òtcpͷʱ£¬¾Í»áÏòÔ´·¢³öÒ»¸ö°üº¬ÓиôíÎóÐÅÏ¢µÄicmp°ü¡£Õâ¸ö²ÎÊý¾ÍÊÇÓÃÀ´ÉèÖÃÏòÔ´·¢ËÍÕâÖÖicmp°üµÄËٶȡ£µ±È»£¬ÔÚͨ³£Çé¿öÏÂip»òtcpÍ·³ö´íÊǺÜÉÙ¼ûµÄ¡£²ÎÊýֵΪÕûÊý¡£

£¨6£© icmp_timeexceed_rate£ºÊý¾Ý±¨ÔÚÍøÂçÉÏ´«Êäʱ£¬ÆäÉú´æʱ¼ä£¨time to live£©×ֶλ᲻¶Ï¼õÉÙ£¬µ±Éú´æʱ¼äΪ0ʱ£¬ÕýÔÚ´¦Àí¸ÃÊý¾Ý±¨µÄ·ÓÉÆ÷¾Í»á¶ªÆú¸ÃÊý¾Ý±¨£¬Í¬Ê±¸øÔ´Ö÷»ú·¢ËÍÒ»¸ö"time to live exceeded"µÄicmp°ü¡£¸Ã²ÎÊý¾ÍÊÇÓÃÀ´ÉèÖÃÕâÖÖicmp°üµÄ·¢Ë͵ÄËٶȡ£µ±È»£¬Õâͨ³£ÓÃÓڳ䵱·ÓÉÆ÷µÄlinuxÖ÷»ú¡£

IPÏà¹ØÄÚºËÅäÖòÎÊý

linuxÄÚºËÍøÂç²ÎÊýÖйØÓÚipµÄÅäÖòÎÊýͨ³£ÊÇÓÃÀ´¶¨Òå»òµ÷Õûip°üµÄһЩÌض¨µÄ²ÎÊý£¬³ý´ËÖ®Í⻹¶¨ÒåÁËϵͳµÄһЩÍøÂçÌØÐÔ¡£

£¨1£© ip_default_ttl£ºÉèÖôӱ¾»ú·¢³öµÄip°üµÄÉú´æʱ¼ä£¬²ÎÊýֵΪÕûÊý£¬·¶Î§Îª0¡«128,ȱʡֵΪ64¡£ÔÚwindowsϵͳÖУ¬ip°üµÄÉú´æʱ¼äͨ³£Îª128¡£Èç¹ûÄãµÄϵͳ¾­³£µÃµ½"Time to live exceeded"µÄicmp»ØÓ¦£¬¿ÉÒÔÊʵ±Ôö´ó¸Ã²ÎÊýµÄÖµ£¬µ«ÊÇÒ²²»Äܹý´ó£¬ÒòΪÈç¹ûÄãµÄ·ÓÉ»µÂ·µÄ»°£¬¾Í»áÔö¼Óϵͳ±¨´íµÄʱ¼ä¡£

£¨2£© ip_dynaddr£º¸Ã²ÎÊýͨ³£ÓÃÓÚʹÓò¦ºÅÁ¬½ÓµÄÇé¿ö£¬¿ÉÒÔʹϵͳÄܹ»Á¢¼´¸Ä±äip°üµÄÔ´µØַΪ¸ÃipµØÖ·£¬Í¬Ê±ÖжÏÔ­ÓеÄtcp¶Ô»°¶øÓÃеØÖ·ÖØз¢³öÒ»¸ösynÇëÇó°ü£¬¿ªÊ¼ÐµÄtcp¶Ô»°¡£ÔÚʹÓÃipÆÛƭʱ£¬¸Ã²ÎÊý¿ÉÒÔÁ¢¼´¸Ä±äαװµØַΪеÄipµØÖ·¡£¸Ã²ÎÊýµÄ²ÎÊýÖµ¿ÉÒÔÊÇ£º

1£ºÆôÓøù¦ÄÜ
2£ºÊ¹ÓÃÈßÓàģʽÆôÓøù¦ÄÜ
0£º½ûÖ¹¸Ã¹¦ÄÜ

Ó¦ÓÃʵÀý£ºÔÚʹÓÃipchainsÅäÖÃipÆÛÆ­´ø¶¯¾ÖÓòÍø¹²ÏíÒ»¸öpppÁ¬½ÓÉÏÍøʱ£¬ÓÐʱ»á³öÏÖ¸Õ¿ªÊ±Á¬½ÓÒ»¸öÕ¾µãÁ¬²»Í¨£¬ÔÙ´ÎË¢ÐÂÓÖ¿ÉÒÔÁ¬½ÓµÄÇé¿ö£¬Õâʱºò¾Í¿ÉÒÔÉèÖøòÎÊýµÄֵΪ1£¬´Ó¶øÁ¢¼´¸Ä±äαװµØַΪеÄipµØÖ·£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔ½â¾öÕâÀàÎÊÌâ¡£ÃüÁîΪ£º

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr

£¨3£©ip_forward£º¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¸Ã²ÎÊýÀ´ÆôÓðüת·¢¹¦ÄÜ£¬´Ó¶øʹϵͳ³äµ±Â·ÓÉÆ÷¡£²ÎÊýֵΪ1ʱÆôÓÃipת·¢£¬Îª0ʱ½ûÖ¹ipת·¢¡£×¢Ò⣬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÔÚµ¥Íø¿¨»òË«Íø¿¨µÄÖ÷»úÉÏʵÏÖipת·¢¡£

Ó¦ÓÃʵÀý£º

¼ÙÉèÎÒÃÇʹÓÃÒ»²¿×°ÓÐË«Íø¿¨µÄlinuxÖ÷»ú³äµ±·À»ðǽ£¬ÕâʱºòÎÒÃǾͱØÐëÖ´ÐÐÒÔÏÂÃüÁîÀ´´ò¿ªipת·¢¹¦ÄÜ£º

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

(4) ip_local_port_range£ºÉèÖõ±±¾µØϵͳÏòÍâ·¢Æðtcp»òudpÁ¬½ÓÇëÇóʱʹÓõĶ˿ڷ¶Î§¡£ÉèÖÃֵΪÁ½¸öÕûÊý£¬È±Ê¡Îª"1024 4999"¡£

Ó¦ÓÃʵÀý£º

echo "1450 6000" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range

tcpÏà¹ØÄÚºËÅäÖòÎÊý

ͨ¹ýtcpÅäÖòÎÊý¿ÉÒÔ¿ØÖÆtcp»á»°¹ý³ÌÖеĸ÷¸ö·½Ãæ¡£

(1) tcp_fin_timeout£ºÔÚÒ»¸ötcp»á»°¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÔڻỰ½áÊøʱ£¬AÊ×ÏÈÏòB·¢ËÍÒ»¸öfin°ü£¬ÔÚ»ñµÃBµÄackÈ·ÈÏ°üºó£¬A¾Í½øÈëFIN WAIT2״̬µÈ´ýBµÄfin°üÈ»ºó¸øB·¢ackÈ·ÈÏ°ü¡£Õâ¸ö²ÎÊý¾ÍÊÇÓÃÀ´ÉèÖÃA½øÈëFIN WAIT2״̬µÈ´ý¶Ô·½fin°üµÄ³¬Ê±Ê±¼ä¡£Èç¹ûʱ¼äµ½ÁËÈÔδÊÕµ½¶Ô·½µÄfin°ü¾ÍÖ÷¶¯ÊͷŸûỰ¡£²ÎÊýֵΪÕûÊý£¬µ¥Î»ÎªÃ룬ȱʡΪ180Ãë¡£

(2) tcp_syn_retires£ºÉèÖÿªÊ¼½¨Á¢Ò»¸ötcp»á»°Ê±£¬ÖØÊÔ·¢ËÍsynÁ¬½ÓÇëÇó°üµÄ´ÎÊý¡£ ²ÎÊýֵΪСÓÚ255µÄÕûÊý£¬È±Ê¡ÖµÎª10¡£¼ÙÈçÄãµÄÁ¬½ÓËٶȺܿ죬¿ÉÒÔ¿¼ÂǽµµÍ¸ÃÖµÀ´Ìá¸ßϵͳÏìӦʱ¼ä£¬¼´±ã¶ÔÁ¬½ÓËٶȺÜÂýµÄÓû§£¬È±Ê¡ÖµµÄÉ趨Ҳ×ã¹»´óÁË¡£

(3) tcp_window_scaling£ºÉèÖÃtcp/ip»á»°µÄ»¬¶¯´°¿Ú´óСÊÇ·ñ¿É±ä¡£²ÎÊýֵΪ²¼¶ûÖµ£¬Îª1ʱ±íʾ¿É±ä£¬Îª0ʱ±íʾ²»¿É±ä¡£Tcp/ip ͨ³£Ê¹ÓõĴ°¿Ú×î´ó¿É´ïµ½65535×Ö½Ú£¬¶ÔÓÚ¸ßËÙÍøÂ磬¸ÃÖµ¿ÉÄÜ̫С£¬ÕâʱºòÈç¹ûÆôÓÃÁ˸ù¦ÄÜ£¬¿ÉÒÔʹtcp/ip»¬¶¯´°¿Ú´óСÔö´óÊý¸öÊýÁ¿¼¶£¬´Ó¶øÌá¸ßÊý¾Ý´«ÊäµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£

Õë¶ÔÿһÍøÂç½Ó¿ÚµÄÄÚºËÍøÂç²ÎÊý

ͨ¹ýÕë¶ÔÿһÍøÂç½Ó¿ÚµÄÄÚºËÍøÂç²ÎÊý£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔΪÖîÈçeth0¡¢eth1µÈ¾ßÌåµÄÍøÂç½Ó¿ÚÖ¸¶¨ÏìÓ¦µÄÄÚºËÍøÂç²ÎÊý¡£×¢Ò⣺/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/ϵIJÎÊý½«Ó¦ÓÃÓÚËùÓеÄÍøÂç½Ó¿Ú¡£

(1) accept_redirects£º¸Ã²ÎÊýλÓÚ/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/DEV/accept_redirects£¨DEV±íʾ¾ßÌåµÄÍøÂç½Ó¿Ú£©£¬Èç¹ûÄãµÄÖ÷»úËùÔÚµÄÍø¶ÎÖÐÓÐÁ½¸ö·ÓÉÆ÷£¬Ä㽫ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öÉèÖóÉÁËȱʡÍø¹Ø£¬µ«ÊǸÃÍø¹ØÔÚÊÕµ½ÄãµÄip°üʱ·¢ÏÖ¸Ãip°ü±ØÐë¾­¹ýÁíÍâÒ»¸ö·ÓÉÆ÷£¬ÕâʱÕâ¸ö·ÓÉÆ÷¾Í»á¸øÄã·¢Ò»¸öËùνµÄ"Öض¨Ïò"icmp°ü£¬¸æËß½«ip°üת·¢µ½ÁíÍâÒ»¸ö·ÓÉÆ÷¡£²ÎÊýֵΪ²¼¶ûÖµ£¬1±íʾ½ÓÊÕÕâÀàÖض¨Ïòicmp ÐÅÏ¢£¬0±íʾºöÂÔ¡£Ôڳ䵱·ÓÉÆ÷µÄlinuxÖ÷»úÉÏȱʡֵΪ0£¬ÔÚÒ»°ãµÄlinuxÖ÷»úÉÏȱʡֵΪ1¡£½¨Ò齫Æä¸ÄΪ0£¬»òÕßʹÓÃ"°²È«Öض¨Ïò"£¨¼ûÏÂÎÄ£©ÒÔÏû³ý°²È«ÐÔÒþ»¼¡£

(2) log_martians£º½«°üº¬·Ç·¨µØÖ·ÐÅÏ¢µÄip°ü¼Ç¼µ½ÄÚºËÈÕÖ¾¡£²ÎÊýֵΪ²¼¶ûÖµ¡£

Ó¦ÓÃʵÀý£º

ÉÏÃæÎÒÃǽ²¹ýrp_filter·´Ïò·¾¶¹ýÂ˲ÎÊý£¬Í¬Ê±ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐÏÂÃæµÄÓï¾ä

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/log_martians

È»ºó¾Í¿ÉÒÔ½«½øÐÐip¼ÙðµÄip°ü¼Ç¼µ½/var/log/messages¡£

(3) forwarding£ºÆôÓÃÌض¨ÍøÂç½Ó¿ÚµÄipת·¢¹¦ÄÜ¡£²ÎÊýֵΪ²¼¶ûÖµ£¬1±íʾ½øÐмǼ¡£

Ó¦ÓÃʵÀý£º

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/forwarding

(4) accept_source_route£ºÊÇ·ñ½ÓÊܺ¬ÓÐԴ·ÓÉÐÅÏ¢µÄip°ü¡£²ÎÊýֵΪ²¼¶ûÖµ£¬1±íʾ½ÓÊÜ£¬0±íʾ²»½ÓÊÜ¡£Ôڳ䵱Íø¹ØµÄlinuxÖ÷»úÉÏȱʡֵΪ1£¬ÔÚÒ»°ãµÄlinuxÖ÷»úÉÏȱʡֵΪ0¡£´Ó°²È«ÐԽǶȳö·¢£¬½¨ÒéÄã¹Ø±Õ¸Ã¹¦ÄÜ¡£

(5) secure_redirects£ºÇ°ÃæÎÒÃÇÒѾ­Ìáµ½¹ý"°²È«Öض¨Ïò"µÄ¸ÅÄÆäʵËùνµÄ"°²È«Öض¨Ïò"¾ÍÊÇÖ»½ÓÊÜÀ´×ÔÍø¹ØµÄ"Öض¨Ïò"icmp°ü¡£¸Ã²ÎÊý¾ÍÊÇÓÃÀ´ÉèÖÃ"°²È«Öض¨Ïò"¹¦Äܵġ£²ÎÊýֵΪ²¼¶ûÖµ£¬1±íʾÆôÓã¬0±íʾ½ûÖ¹£¬È±Ê¡ÖµÎªÆôÓá£

(6) proxy_arp£ºÉèÖÃÊÇ·ñ¶ÔÍøÂçÉϵÄarp°ü½øÐÐÖм̡£²ÎÊýֵΪ²¼¶ûÖµ£¬1±íʾÖм̣¬0±íʾºöÂÔ£¬È±Ê¡ÖµÎª0¡£¸Ã²ÎÊýͨ³£Ö»¶Ô³äµ±Â·ÓÉÆ÷µÄlinuxÖ÷»úÓÐÓá£

¸Ä±äÓйØϵͳȱʡ²ÎÊýÏÞÖÆ

1. _SHM_ID_BITS£ºÔÚ/usr/src/linux/include/asm/shmparam.hÎļþÖж¨ÒåÁ˸ÃÖµ£»

×÷Ó㺶¨Òå¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¶Î±íʶµÄÊýÁ¿£»ÆäȱʡֵΪ7£¬±ä»¯·¶Î§£º1-128£»

µ÷г£º¿É½«¸ÃÖµÔö´óµ½9,ÐèÖØбàÒëÄںˣ»

2. MSGMNI£º/proc/sys/kernel/msgmniÎļþÖж¨ÒåÁ˸ÃÖµ£»

×÷Ó㺸ÃÖµ¶¨ÒåÁËÏûÏ¢¶ÓÁеÄ×î´ó³¤¶È£»ÒªÊ¹db2£¨7.1°æ£©Õý³£ÔËÐУ¬Æä×îСֵΪ128£»

¶ÔÓڸ߸ººÉµÄDB2·þÎñÆ÷£¬¿É½«¸ÃÖµµ÷ÕûΪ >= 1024£»

µ÷г£º¶ÔÓÚ2.4.6°æ±¾µÄÄںˣ¬ÆäȱʡֵΪ16£»¿ÉÓÃÒÔÏÂÈýÖз½·¨¸Ä±ä¸ÃÖµ

£¨1£© bash# sysctl -w kernel.msgmni=128

£¨2£© bash# sysctl -w kernel.msgmni=128

£¨3£© Èç¹ûÒªÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯Ê±¸Ä±ä¸ÃÖµ£¬¿ÉÔÚ/etc/sysctl.confÎļþÖмÓÈëÒÔϼ¸¾ä£º

# Sets maximum number of message queues to 128
# Set this to 1024 or higher on production systems
kernel.msgmni = 128

£¨ÓÃipcs -l ÃüÁîÀ´²é¿´µ±Ç°ipc ²ÎÊýµÄ¸÷ÖÖÉèÖã©

3. NR_TASKS£º/usr/src/linux/include/linux/tasks.hÎļþÖж¨ÒåÁ˸Ã

MAX_TASKS_PER_USER±»¶¨ÒåΪNR_TASKS/2£»linux ½«DB2µÄÿ¸öʵÀý¿´×÷Óû§£¬Ã¿¸öÁ¬½áÒ»°ã¶¼Ê¹ÓÃÒ»¸ö½ø³Ì£¬¶øÿ¸öʵÀýµÄ×î´óÁ¬½áÊý±»ÏÞÖÆΪNR_TASKS/2£»¾¡¹Ü2.4µÄÄں˶ԸÃÖµÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¬µ«ÓÐlinux¸ÃȱʡֵÈÔΪ512£»

µ÷г£º>= 1024, ÖØбàÒëÄںˣ»

4. SEMMNI£º/usr/src/linux/include/linux/sem.h ÎļþÖж¨ÒåÁ˸ÃÖµ£»

×÷Ó㺸ÃÖµ¶¨ÒåÁËlinuxËùÄÜÖ§³ÖµÄ×î´óÐźÅÁ¿±íʶ£»

µ÷г£ºÆäȱʡֵΪ128£¬Ôö´óµ½1024£»

´ÓIPV4¹ý¶Éµ½IPV6

¾¡¹ÜIPv6±ÈIPv4¾ßÓÐÃ÷ÏÔµÄÏȽøÐÔ£¬ÒªÏëÔÚ¶Ìʱ¼äÄÚ½«InternetºÍ¸÷¸öÆóÒµÍøÂçÖеÄËùÓÐϵͳȫ²¿´ÓIPv4Éý¼¶µ½ IPv6ÊDz»¿ÉÄܵġ£Îª´Ë£¬×öΪIPv6Ñо¿¹¤×÷µÄÒ»¸ö²¿·Ö£¬IETFÖƶ¨ÁËÍƶ¯IPv4ÏòIPv6¹ý¶ÉµÄ·½°¸£¬ÆäÖаüÀ¨Èý¸ö»úÖÆ£º¼æÈÝIPv4µÄ IPv6µØÖ·¡¢Ë«IPЭÒéÕ»ºÍ»ùÓÚIPv4ͨµÀµÄIPv6¡£

¼æÈÝIPv4µÄIPv6µØÖ·ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÌØÊâµÄIPv6µ¥µã¹ã²¥µØÖ·£¬Ò»¸ö IPv6½ÚµãÓëÒ»¸öIPv4½Úµã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÕâÖÖµØÖ·ÔÚIPv4ÍøÂçÖÐͨÐÅ¡£ÕâÖÖµØÖ·ÊÇÓÉ96¸ö0λ¼ÓÉÏ32λIPv4µØÖ·×é³ÉµÄ£¬ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉèij½ÚµãµÄ IPv4µØÖ·ÊÇ192.56.1.1£¬ÄÇô¼æÈÝIPv4µÄIPv6µØÖ·¾ÍÊÇ£º

0: 0:0:0:0:0:C038:101¡£

Ë« IPЭÒéÕ»ÊÇÔÚÒ»¸öϵͳ£¨ÈçÒ»¸öÖ÷»ú»òÒ»¸ö·ÓÉÆ÷£©ÖÐͬʱʹÓÃIPv4ºÍIPv6Á½¸öЭÒéÕ»¡£ÕâÀàϵͳ¼ÈÓµÓÐIPv4µØÖ·£¬Ò²ÓµÓÐIPv6µØÖ·£¬Òò¶ø¿ÉÒÔÊÕ·¢IPv4ºÍIPv6Á½ÖÖIPÊý¾Ý±¨¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇÓÃÁ½Ì×£¬ÐèҪʹÓÃIPv4µÄʱºò¾ÍʹÓÃIPv4£¬ÐèҪʹÓÃIPv6µÄʱºò¾ÍʹÓÃIPv6¡£

ÓëË«IPЭÒéÕ»Ïà±È£¬»ùÓÚIPv4ͨµÀµÄIPv6ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¸üΪ¸´Ôӵļ¼Êõ£¬ËüÊǽ«Õû¸öIPv6Êý¾Ý±¨·â×°ÔÚIPv4Êý¾Ý±¨ÖУ¬ÓÉ´ËʵÏÖÔÚµ±Ç°µÄIPv4ÍøÂ磨ÈçInternet£©ÖÐIPv6½ÚµãÓëIPv4½ÚµãÖ®¼äµÄIPͨÐÅ¡£»ùÓÚIPv4ͨµÀµÄIPv6ʵÏÖ¹ý³Ì·ÖΪÈý¸ö²½Ö裺·â×°¡¢½â·âºÍͨµÀ¹ÜÀí¡£·â×°£¬ÊÇÖ¸ÓÉͨµÀÆðʼµã´´½¨Ò»¸öIPv4°üÍ·£¬½«IPv6Êý¾Ý±¨×°ÈëÒ»¸öеÄIPv4Êý¾Ý±¨ÖС£½â·â£¬ÊÇÖ¸ÓÉͨµÀÖÕ½áµãÒÆÈ¥IPv4°üÍ·£¬»¹Ô­Ô­Ê¼µÄIPv6Êý¾Ý±¨¡£Í¨µÀ¹ÜÀí£¬ÊÇÖ¸ÓÉͨµÀÆðʼµãά»¤Í¨µÀµÄÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢¡£IPv4ͨµÀÓÐËÄÖÖ·½°¸£ºÂ·ÓÉÆ÷¶Ô·ÓÉÆ÷¡¢Ö÷»ú¶Ô·ÓÉÆ÷¡¢Ö÷»ú¶ÔÖ÷»ú¡¢Â·ÓÉÆ÷¶ÔÖ÷»ú¡£

µ±½øÐÐͨÐŵÄÁ½¸öÖ÷»ú¶¼ÓмæÈÝIPv4µÄIPv6µØַʱ£¬Êý¾Ý·¢ËÍ·½Ö÷»ú½«½¨Á¢Ò»¸öÖ÷»ú¶ÔÖ÷»úͨµÀ¡£Í¨µÀÆðʼµã£¨Êý¾Ý·¢ËÍ·½Ö÷»ú£©È·¶¨Êý¾Ý½ÓÊÕ·½Ö÷»ú¾ÍÊÇͨµÀÖÕ½áµã£¬²¢×Ô¶¯´ÓÆä¼æÈÝIPv4µÄIPv6µØÖ·ÖгéÈ¡ºó32¸öµØַλÒÔÈ·¶¨Í¨µÀÖÕ½áµãµÄIPv4µØÖ·£¬ÕâÖÖÀàÐ͵ÄͨµÀ±»³ÆΪ×Ô¶¯Í¨µÀ£¨automated tunneling£©¡£

Ë«IPЭÒéÕ»ºÍ»ùÓÚIPv4ͨµÀµÄIPv6ÍøÂçʹIPv4ÍøÂçÄܹ»ÒԿɿصÄËÙ¶ÈÏò IPv6ǨÒÆ¡£ÔÚ¿ªÊ¼ÏòIPv6¹ý¶É֮ǰ£¬±ØÐëÉèÖÃÒ»¸öͬʱ֧³ÖIPv4ºÍIPv6µÄеÄDNS·þÎñÆ÷¡£ÓйØÉèÖûò¹ØÓÚIPv6¸ü¶àµÄÏêϸÄÚÈÝ¿É·ÃÎÊ IPv6Ïà¹ØÍøÕ¾¡£ÎÒÃÇÔÚÕâÀï½öΪÔÚLinuxÏÂʹÓÃIPV6ÌṩһÖÖ¼òµ¥µÄÀíÂÛÐðÊö¡£

С½á
ÖÁ´Ë£¬ÎÒÃÇÒѾ­Ïêϸ½éÉÜÁËLinuxϵͳµÄÍøÂçÐÔÄܵ÷г·½ÃæµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬°üÀ¨ÍøÂçµ÷г²âÊÔ¹¤¾ßµÄʹÓ÷½·¨¼°Æä¿ÉʵÏֵŦÄÜ£¬ÍøÂçÅäÖÃÎļþ½âÎö£¬ÍøÂçÐÔÄܵ÷г·½·¨µÈ¡£Äú¶ÔÕâϵÁÐÎÄÕÂÓÐʲôÏë·¨£¬ÇëÖ±½ÓÔÚÏÂÃæÁôÑÔ¡£Èç¹ûÄú¶ÔÍøÂçµ÷г¼¼ÊõÓиüºÃµÄ¼û½â£¬»¶Ó­ÄúÀ´¸å¡£
ÎÄÕÂÆÀÂÛ

¹²ÓÐ 0 ÌõÆÀÂÛ