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1£© ʲôÊÇPXE

PXE(Pre-boot Execution Environment)ÊÇÓÉIntelÉè¼ÆµÄЭÒ飬Ëü¿ÉÒÔʹ¼ÆËã»úͨ¹ýÍøÂçÆô¶¯¡£Ð­Òé·ÖΪclientºÍserverÁ½¶Ë£¬PXE clientÔÚÍø¿¨µÄROMÖУ¬µ±¼ÆËã»úÒýµ¼Ê±£¬BIOS°ÑPXE clientµ÷ÈëÄÚ´æÖ´ÐУ¬²¢ÏÔʾ³öÃüÁî²Ëµ¥£¬¾­Óû§Ñ¡Ôñºó£¬PXE client½«·ÅÖÃÔÚÔ¶¶ËµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳͨ¹ýÍøÂçÏÂÔص½±¾µØÔËÐС£

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¶ÔÓÚµÚÒ»¸öÎÊÌ⣬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýDHCP Server½â¾ö£¬ÓÉDHCP serverÀ´¸øPXE client·ÖÅäÒ»¸öIPµØÖ·£¬DHCP ServerÊÇÓÃÀ´¸øDHCP Client¶¯Ì¬·ÖÅäIPµØÖ·µÄЭÒ飬²»¹ýÓÉÓÚÕâÀïÊǸøPXE Client·ÖÅäIPµØÖ·£¬ËùÒÔÔÚÅäÖÃDHCP Serverʱ£¬ÐèÒªÔö¼ÓÏàÓ¦µÄPXEÌØÓÐÅäÖá£

ÖÁÓÚµÚ¶þ¸öÎÊÌ⣬ÔÚPXE clientËùÔÚµÄROMÖУ¬ÒѾ­´æÔÚÁËTFTP Client¡£PXE ClientʹÓÃTFTP Client£¬Í¨¹ýTFTPЭÒéµ½TFTP ServerÉÏÏÂÔØËùÐèµÄÎļþ¡£

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ÔÚÉÏͼÖУ¬PXE clientÊÇÐèÒª°²×°LinuxµÄ¼ÆËã»ú£¬TFTP ServerºÍDHCP ServerÔËÐÐÔÚÁíÍâһ̨Linux ServerÉÏ¡£BootstrapÎļþ¡¢ÅäÖÃÎļþ¡¢LinuxÄÚºËÒÔ¼°Linux¸ùÎļþϵͳ¶¼·ÅÖÃÔÚLinux ServerÉÏTFTP·þÎñÆ÷µÄ¸ùĿ¼Ï¡£

PXE clientÔÚ¹¤×÷¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÐèÒªÈý¸ö¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ£ºbootstrap¡¢Linux Äں˺ÍLinux¸ùÎļþϵͳ¡£BootstrapÎļþÊÇ¿ÉÖ´ÐгÌÐò£¬ËüÏòÓû§Ìṩ¼òµ¥µÄ¿ØÖƽçÃ棬²¢¸ù¾ÝÓû§µÄÑ¡Ôñ£¬ÏÂÔغÏÊʵÄLinuxÄÚºËÒÔ¼°Linux¸ùÎļþϵͳ¡£

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1£© ÅäÖÃDHCP Server

Ñ¡ÓÃISC dhcp-3.0£¬DHCP ServerµÄÅäÖÃÎļþÊÇ/etc/dhcpd.conf£¬ÅäÖÃÎļþµÄÄÚÈÝÈçÏ£º

option space PXE;

option PXE.mtftp-ip code 1 = ip-address;

option PXE.mtftp-cport code 2 = unsigned integer 16;

option PXE.mtftp-sport code 3 = unsigned integer 16;

option PXE.mtftp-tmout code 4 = unsigned integer 8;

option PXE.mtftp-delay code 5 = unsigned integer 8;

option PXE.discovery-control code 6 = unsigned integer 8;

option PXE.discovery-mcast-addr code 7 = ip-address;


class "pxeclients" {

match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";

option vendor-class-identifier "PXEClient";

vendor-option-space PXE;


# At least one of the vendor-specific PXE options must be set in

# order for the client boot ROMs to realize that we are a PXE-compliant

# server. We set the MCAST IP address to 0.0.0.0 to tell the boot ROM

# that we can't provide multicast TFTP (address 0.0.0.0 means no

# address).


option PXE.mtftp-ip 0.0.0.0;


# This is the name of the file the boot ROMs should download.

filename "pxelinux.0";

# This is the name of the server they should get it from.

next-server 192.168.0.1;

}

ddns-update-style interim;

ignore client-updates;

default-lease-time 1200;

max-lease-time 9200;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;

option routers 192.168.0.254;

option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.1,192.168.0.2;

option domain-name "mydomain.org";

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.0.10 192.168.0.100;

}

host q10 {

hardware ethernet 00:00:F0:6B:38:5B;

fixed-address 192.168.0.22;

}

dhcpd.confÅäÖÃÎļþÖм¸¸ö¹Ø¼ü²¿·Ö˵Ã÷ÈçÏ£ºhost q10{¡­}¶¨ÒåÁ˱ʼDZ¾Q10Íø¿¨µÄMACµØÖ·ÓëIPµØÖ·µÄ¶ÔÓ¦¹Øϵ£¬±íÃ÷DHCP ServerΪQ10·ÖÅäÒ»¸ö¹Ì¶¨µÄIP£º192.168.0.22£»filename ""Ö¸¶¨bootstrapµÄÎļþÃû£»netx-serverÖ¸¶¨TFTP ServerµÄµØÖ·¡£ÆäËüµÄÅäÖÃÇë¶ÁÕ߲ο¼DHCP ServerµÄÊֲᡣ

2£© ÅäÖÃTFTP server

Ñ¡ÓÃtftp-hpa£¬TFTP ServerµÄÅäÖÃÎļþÊÇ/etc/xinetd.d/tftp£¬ÅäÖÃÎļþµÄÄÚÈÝÈçÏ£º

service tftp

{

socket_type = dgram

protocol = udp

wait = yes

user = root

server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

server_args = -u nobody -s /tftpboot

disable = no

per_source = 11

cps = 100 2

}

ÕâÀïÖƶ¨ÁË/tftpbootΪTFTP ServerµÄ¸ùĿ¼λÖá£

3£© ÅäÖÃbootstrap

bootstrapÎļþÔÚdhcpd.confÖб»Ö¸¶¨Îªpxelinux.0Îļþ£¬·ÅÖÃÔÚ/tftpboot¡£LinuxÄÚºËÒÔ¼°Linux¸ùÎļþϵͳҲ·ÅÖÃÔÚ/tftpboot¡£pxelinux.0ÔÚÖ´Ðйý³ÌÖУ¬Òª¶ÁÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬ËùÓеÄÅäÖÃÎļþ¶¼·ÅÔÚ/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/Ŀ¼Ï¡£ÓÉÓÚPXElinux¾ßÓÐΪ²»Í¬µÄPXE ClientÌṩ²»Í¬µÄLinuxÄÚºËÒÔ¼°¸ùÎļþϵͳµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ËùÒÔҪͨ¹ý²»Í¬µÄÅäÖÃÎļþÃûÀ´Çø·Ö³ö²»Í¬µÄPXE ClientµÄÐèÇó¡£±ÈÈçÒ»¸öPXE ClientÓÉDHCP Server·ÖÅäµÄIPµØַΪ192.168.0.22£¬ÄÇôÏà¶ÔÓ¦µÄÅäÖÃÎļþÃûΪ/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/C0A80016 £¨×¢£ºC0A80016ΪIPµØÖ·192.168.0.22µÄÊ®Áù½øÖƱíʾ£©¡£Èç¹ûÕÒ²»µ½£¬¾Í°´ÕÕ˳ÐòC0A80016-> C0A8001-> C0A800-> C0A80-> C0A8-> C0A-> C0-> C->default²éÕÒÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£

/tftpboot/pxelinux.cft/C0A80001ÅäÖÃÎļþµÄ¾ßÌåÄÚÈÝÈçÏ£º

DEFAULT install

PROMPT 1

LABEL install

KERNEL vmlinuz

APPEND initrd=initrd.img devfs=nomount ramdisk_size=16384

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