³õÓÃLinuxʱ¿ÉÄÜÓд¦´¦²»·½±ãµÄ¸Ð¾õ, ¿ÉÊǵÈʹÓÃÒ»¶Îʱ¼äÕÆÎÕÁËһЩ¼¼Çɺó¾Í»á¸Ðµ½Ô½À´Ô½Ë³ÊÖÁË. ÒÔϾÍÊÇÎÒʹÓÃLinuxÒÔÀ´»ýÀÛµÄһЩ¾ÑéÓë¼¼ÇÉ, ÏàÐŶԳõѧÕß»áÓÐËù°ïÖúµÄ.
1. ʹÓÃÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆ̨ ¡¡¡¡
µÇ¼ºó°´Alt+F2¼üÕâʱÓÖ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½"login:"Ìáʾ·û, Õâ¸ö¾ÍÊǵڶþ¸öÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆ̨. Ò»°ãа²×°µÄLinuxÓÐËĸöÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆ̨, ¿ÉÒÔÓÃAlt+F1~Alt+F4À´·ÃÎÊ. ÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆ̨×îÓÐÓõÄʱ ºòÊǵ±Ò»¸ö³ÌÐò³ö´íËøסÊäÈëʱ¿ÉÒÔÇл»µ½ÆäËûÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆ̨¡£
2. ¿½±´ÓëÕ³Ìù ¡¡
×Ö·û½çÃæ: ²»¹ÜÊÇSlackware »¹ÊÇRedHat°²×°ºóÿ´ÎÆô¶¯Ê±¶¼»á×Ô¶¯ÔËÐÐÒ»¸ö½ÐgpmµÄ³ÌÐò, ¸Ã³ÌÐòÔËÐкó¾Í¿ÉÒÔÓÃÊó±êÀ´¿½±´ÓëÕ³ÌùÁË. ¾ßÌå×ö·¨ÊÇ°´×¡Êó±ê×ó¼üÍ϶¯Ê¹Òª¿½±´µÄµØ·½·´°×, Õâʱ·´°×µÄÇøÓòÒѾ±»¿½±´, ÔÙ°´Êó±êÓÒ¼ü¿½±´µÄÄÚÈݾͻᱻճÌùÔÚ¹â±êËùÔÚλÖÃÁË. X-WindowÏÂ: ¿½±´µÄ²Ù×÷Óë×Ö·û½çÃæÏÂÒ»Ñù, Èý¼üÊó±êµÄ»°°´ÖмüÕ³Ìù, Á½¼üÊó±êµÄ»°Í¬Ê±°´×óÓÒ¼üÕ³Ìù(ÐëÔÚÅäÖÃXF86 ʱÔÚÊó±êµÄÉèÖÃÀïÑ¡Ôñ Emulate 3 Button).
3. ¿ìËÙ½øÈëijЩĿ¼
¼üÈë cd ~ ¿É½øÈëÓû§µÄhomeĿ¼. ¼üÈë cd - ¿É½øÈëÉÏÒ»¸ö½øÈëµÄĿ¼.
4. ÈíÇýµÄʹÓÃ
Èç¹ûÊÇLinux µÄext2ÎļþϵͳÓÃÈçÏÂÃüÁî: #mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt dos¸ñʽµÄÈíÅÌÔòÓÃÃüÁî: #mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt È»ºó¾Í¿ÉÒÔÔÚ/mntÀï·ÃÎÊÈíÅ̵ÄÄÚÈÝÁË, ×¢ÒâÔÚÈ¡³öÈíÅÌ֮ǰҪÏÈжµôÈíÅÌÉϵÄÎļþϵͳ, #umount /mnt ·ñÔò»áµ¼ÖÂÐÅÏ¢¶ªÊ§. ÔÚÈíÅÌÉϽ¨Á¢Îļþϵͳ¿ÉÓÃÈçÏÂÃüÁî: #mke2fs /dev/fd0 1440
5. RedHatÏÂÏÔʾ²ÊɫĿ¼Áбí
´ò¿ª/etc/bashrc, ¼ÓÈëÈçÏÂÒ»ÐÐ: alias ls="ls color" Ï´ÎÆô¶¯bashʱ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÏñÔÚSlackwareÀïÄÇÑùÏÔʾ²ÊÉ«µÄĿ¼ÁбíÁË, ÆäÖÐÑÕÉ«µÄº¬ÒåÈçÏÂ: À¶É«>Ŀ¼ ÂÌÉ«>¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþºìÉ«>ѹËõÎļþ dzÀ¶É«>Á´½ÓÎļþ »ÒÉ«>ÆäËûÎļþ
6. ÏÔʾÎļþµÄÀàÐÍ ¡¡¡¡
ÓÃÃüÁî file ¿ÉÒÔʹÄãÖªµÀij¸öÎļþ¾¿¾¹ÊÇELF¸ñʽµÄ¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþ, »¹ÊÇshell scriptÎļþ»òÊÇÆäËûµÄʲô¸ñʽ ÀýÈç: #file startx
7 .ÃüÁîÎļþµÄ·¾¶
µ±Äã¼üÈëһЩÃüÁîÈçfind, shutdown, mount, startxʱÊÇ·ñ Ïë¹ýÒªÖªµÀÕâЩÎļþ¾¿¾¹·ÅÔÚÄĸöĿ¼Àï? ÓÃÃüÁî whereis ¿ÉÒÔʵÏÖ,Èç #whereis startx
8. ²éÕÒÎļþ
find ÃüÁîÒª¼ÓһЩ²ÎÊý²ÅÄܲ鵽Îļþ, Èç: #find /usr -name XF86Setup -print ÔÚ/usrÀï²éÕÒÎļþXF86Setup.
9. ɾ³ýÎÞÓõÄcoreÎļþ
³ÌÐòÔËÐгöºóÓÐʱºò»á²úÉúÒ»¸öÃûΪcoreµÄÎļþ, Õâ¸öÎļþÒ»°ãºÜ´ó¶øÇÒûʲôÓÃ, ¿ÉÒÔɾ³ýµôÒÔÊÍ·Å¿Õ¼ä.
10. Ò»´Î½â¿ª.tar.gzÎļþ
½â¿ª.tar.gzÎļþÒ»°ãÒªÏÈÓÃgunzip½âѹÔÙÓÃtar½â°ü, ÔÚLinuxÏ¿ÉÒÔÒ»´ÎÍê³É, Èç: #tar zxpvf sample.tar.gz
11. ÏÔʾwin95·ÖÇøÀïµÄ³¤ÎļþÃû ¡¡¡¡
Èç¹ûÄã·¢ÏÖwin95·ÖÇøÀïµÄ³¤ÎļþÃü²»ÄÜÏÔʾ, ¿ÉÒÔÖØРÓÃvfat·½Ê½À´mount. ¶ÔÓÚÆô¶¯Ê±¾ÍmountµÄ·ÖÇø¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸ÄÎļþ/etc/fstab, ½«ÀïÃæµÄmsdos×ÖÑù¸ÄΪvfat. Èç¹ûÎÞ·¨Óà vfat mount, ÔòÒªÖØбàÒëһϺËÐÄ, ¼ÓÈë¶ÔvfatµÄÖ§³Ö.
12. Linux ÀïµÄNorton Commander ¡¡¡¡
ÔÚÌáʾ·ûϼüÈëÃüÁîmcºóÄã¾Í»á¿´µ½Ò»¸öÓëNorton CommanderºÜÏàËƵĽçÃæ, ʵ¼ÊÉϹ¦ÄÜÒ²ºÜÏàËÆÉõÖÁ¸üÇ¿´ó, ±ÈÈç¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Ó¶Ô.tar.gz ѹËõ°üÀïµÄÎļþ½øÐвÙ×÷(ÓеãÏñ ZipMagic).
13. Æô¶¯ºóÖ±½Ó½øÈëX
±à¼/etc/inittabÎļþ, °Ñid:3:initdefautl¸ÄΪ id:4:initdefautl. ²»¹ýËÑË÷·¾¶¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÐЩÎÊÌâ, ¹Ø»úʱ ÄãµÃÖ±½Ó½øÈë/sbin ÀïÈ¥Ö´ÐÐ shutdown.
14. ºǫ́ÔËÐÐ X ³ÌÐò
Ö´ÐÐÒ»¸öX³ÌÐòʱ±ðÍüÁËÔÚºóÃæ¼ÓÒ»¸ö&ºÅ,Èç #netscape & ·ñÔòµÄ»°ÔÚÄãÍƳöÖ´ÐеijÌÐò֮ǰÔÙÎÞ·¨ÔÚÄǸöÖն˴°¿ÚÀïÊäÈëÃüîÁ?
15. Ç¿ÐÐÍ˳ö X
ÓÐʱºòÔÚ X ÀïÓÉÓÚ³ÌÐò³ö´íÊó±ê¼üÅ̶¼²»Æð×÷ÓÃ, Õâʱºò²»ÓÃ׿±, ÒòΪÔÚLinuxϼ¸ºõ²»»áÏñÔÚWin95ÀïÄÇÑù¶ñÐÔ ËÀ»ú, ÄãÖ»Ðë¼üÈëCtrl+Alt+BackSpace¼ü¾Í¿ÉÒԻص½×Ö·û½ç ÃæÏÂÁË.
16. ÖØ×°Win9xºóliloʧЧÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯Linux ¡¡
Ö»ÐëÏÈÓÃÈíÅÌÆô¶¯LinuxÈ»ºóÔËÐÐÒ»´Îlilo¼´¿É¡£¶ÔÓÚ RedHat¿ÉÒÔÓÃÃüÁîmkbootdiskÀ´ÖÆ×÷Æô¶¯ÅÌ£¬ÀýÈ磺 mkbootdisk devices /dev/fd0 2.0.34-1 ÆäÖÐ2.0.34-1ÊÇ /lib/modulesϵÄÒ»¸öĿ¼¡£
17. °Ñdos/windows¸ÄΪȱʡÆô¶¯µÄOS ¡¡
RedHat °ÑLinux×÷ΪliloȱʡÆô¶¯µÄOS£¬¼´³öÏÖ boot: Ìáʾ·ûºóÖ±½Ó»Ø³µÆô¶¯Linux¡£Èç¹ûÏë¸ÄΪdos/Windows£¬ÐÞ¸ÄÎļþ/etc/lilo.conf£¬°ÑÓйØÆô¶¯dosµÄ²¿·Ö·ÅÔÚÇ°Ã棬ÔÙ ÔËÐÐÒ»´Îlilo¼´¿É¡£ÀýÈç°Ñlilo.conf´Ó£º boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
prompt
timeout=50
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.0.34-1
label=linux
root=/dev/hdc5
read-only
other=/dev/hda1
label=dos
table=/dev/hda
¸ÄΪ£º
boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
prompt
timeout=50
other=/dev/hda1
label=dos
table=/dev/hda
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.0.34-1
label=linux
root=/dev/hdc5
read-only
18. È¥µôÒýµ¼ÇøÄÚµÄliloÐÅÏ¢
°²×°liloºóÈç¹ûÓ²ÅÌÊýÁ¿»ò·ÖÇøÇé¿öÓиıäµÄ»°½«µ¼ÖÂÓ²Å̲»ÄÜÆô¶¯£¬ÕâʱֻÐëÓÃÈíÅÌÆô¶¯dosÔÙÔËÐÐ fdisk/mbr ¼´¿É¡£(Õâ¸ö·½·¨»¹¿ÉÇå³ýÈκÎÒýµ¼Çø²¡¶¾)
19. Èà X Ö§³Ö AGP ÏÔ¿¨
ÏÂÔØÒ»¸ö AX 4.1 ¼´ AcceleratedX 4.1 £¬ Ò»¸öÉÌÒµ°æ µÄ X Server ¡£³ý AGP ÏÔ¿¨Íâ AX »¹Ö§³ÖºÜ¶àÅƺŵÄÏÔ¿¨¡£ ÁíÍ⻹¿ÉÒÔÓÃAX ´øµÄÉèÖóÌÐò Xsetup ·½±ãµÄ¶Ô·Ö±æÂÊ£¬Ë¢ÐÂÂʵȲÎÊý½øÐÐÉèÖᣲ»¹ýÎÒÒ²²»ÖªµÀÓÃAGP¿¨Ð§¹ûÈçºÎ£¬Òò ΪÎÒÏÖÔÚ»¹ÔÚÓÃÀϵôÑÀµÄ S3 765 ¡£
20. °Ñ man »ò info µÄÐÅÏ¢´æΪÎı¾Îļþ
ÒÔ tcsh ΪÀý£º man tcsh | col -b > tcsh.txt info tcsh -o tcsh.txt -s
21. Óõ±Ç°Â·¾¶×÷Ìáʾ·û
¶Ô bash À´Ëµ£¬ÔÚ .bashrc Àï¼ÓÒ»ÐУº PS1="\$PWD\\$" ¶Ô tcsh À´Ëµ£¬ÔÚ .tcshrc Àï¼ÓÒ»ÐУº set prompt="%/>"
22. ѹËõ¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþ
Linux ÏÂÓÐÒ»¸öÀàËÆ dos ÀïµÄ pklite ºÍ lzexe µÄÃü Áî gzexe ¡£¶øÇÒѹËõÂÊÒ»°ã¶¼¿ÉÒÔ³¬¹ý 50% £¬ÔÚ¿Õ¼ä½ô ÕÅʱºÜÓÐÓᣱÈÈ磺
/dosc/temp# ls -al
total 148
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 149564 Dec 8 15:33 gawk
/dosc/temp# gzexe
gawk gawk: 54.5%
/dosc/temp# ls -al
total 216
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 68710 Dec 8 15:36 gawk
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 149564 Dec 8 15:33 gawk
/dosc/temp#
23. ²é¿´ Linux Æô¶¯Ê±µÄÐÅÏ¢ ¡¡
Linux Æô¶¯Ê±ÆÁÄ»ÏÔʾµÄÐÅÏ¢À´²»¼°¿´Çå¾ÍÒ»ÉÁ¶ø¹ý£¬ Èç¹û¶ÔÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¸ÐÐËȤµÄ»°¿ÉÒÔÔÚÆô¶¯ÍêºóÓÃÃüÁî dmesg ²é¿´¡£
24. ´¦ÀíÎļþÃûÄÚº¬ÓÐÌØÊâ×Ö·ûµÄÎļþ ¡¡
Èç¹ûÓÐÒ»¸öÎļþÃû½Ð -file Èç¹ûÏëɾ³ýËü£¬¼üÈë rm -file »áÏÔʾ invalid option £¬ÔÀ´ÓÉÓÚÎļþÃûµÄµÚÒ»¸ö×Ö·ûΪ - £¬ Linux °ÑÎļþÃûµ±×÷Ñ¡ÏîÁË£¬¿ÉÒÔ¼Ó ½â¾ö Õâ¸öÎÊÌ⣬ Èç rm -file ¡£Èç¹ûÊÇÆäËûÌØÊâ×Ö·ûµÄ»°¿É ÒÔÔÚÌØÊâ×Ö·ûÇ°¼ÓÒ»¸ö \ £¬»òÕßÓÃË«ÒýºÅ°ÑÕû¸öÎļþÃûÀ¨ÆðÀ´¡£
25. Ò»´Î´¦ÀíÒ»Õû¸öĿ¼
Linux/UNIX µÄºÜ¶à³£ÓÃÃüÁîÈç rm £¬ cp µÈ¶¼ÓÐÒ»¸ö²Î Êý -r £¬ ÊǵݹéµÄÒâ˼£¬ ÃüÁîÀï¼ÓÁ˲ÎÊý -r ¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¶ÔÄ¿±êĿ¼¼°ÆäÏÂËùÓÐ×ÓĿ¼½øÐвÙ×÷£¬È磺 rm -rf /test (f ÊÇ force ÒâΪǿÐÐ) £¬ ¸ÃÃüÁîÍêȫɾ³ý ¸ùĿ¼ÏµÄ×ÓĿ¼ test £¬×÷ÓÃÀàËÆÓÚ dos Ï嵀 deltree £¬µ±È»Ê¹ÓÃÕâ¸öÃüÁîʱҪÌرðСÐÄ¡£ÔÙÈ磺 cp -r /test /test1 ÓÐÀàËÆ dos Ï xcopy /s µÄ×÷Óá£
26. Ð޸ĵǼ»Ãæ
¶Ô±¾»ú£º ÏÈÐÞ¸ÄÎļþ /etc/issue ¸ÄΪÏàÒªÏÔʾµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ ÔÙÐÞ¸ÄÎļþ /etc/rc.d/rc.local(RedHat) »ò /etc/rc.d/rc.S(Slackware) °ÑÏÂÃ漸¾ä×¢Ê͵ô£º
# This will overwrite /etc/issue at every boot. So, make any changes you
# want to make to /etc/issue here or you will lose them when you reboot.
echo "" > /etc/issue
echo "Red Hat Linux $R" >> /etc/issue
echo "Kernel $(uname -r) on $a $(uname -m)" >> /etc/issue
cp -f /etc/issue /etc/issue.net
echo >> /etc/issue
²»È»µÄ»°Ã¿´ÎÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ /etc/issue ¶¼»á±»¸ü¸Ä¡£
¶Ô telnet µÄÔ¶µØ»úÆ÷£º ÏÈ°ÑÎļþ /etc/usr/sbin/in.telnetd ¸ÄÃû£¬Èç¸ÄΪ in.telnetd.exe £¬ÔÙ±àÒ»¸öÃûΪ in.telnetd µÄ shell ½Å ±¾£¬ ÔÚÏÔʾÍêÐèÒªµÄÄÚÈݺóÔÙµ÷Óà in.telnetd.exe ¡£È磺
#!/bin/sh cat /etc/login.banner #ÐèÒªÔڵǼÌáʾ·ûÇ°ÏÔʾµÄÄÚÈÝ echo -n "" exec /usr/sbin/in.telnetd.exe
27. ¼¸¸öÓÐÓõıðÃû
¼¸¸öÄÜ·½±ã²Ù×÷ºÍ¼õÉÙÎó²Ù×÷µÄ±ðÃû£¬½¨Òé°ÑËüÃǷŵ½Æô¶¯ ÎļþÀ Èç /etc/bashrc ¡£
alias rm=¡ärm -i¡ä
alias cp=¡äcp -i¡ä
alias mv=¡ämv -i¡ä
#Ç°Èý¸ö±ðÃûµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇÔÚɾ³ý¡¢¸²¸ÇÎļþ֮ǰÏÈÌáʾȷÈÏ£¬ RedHatÒѾ×Ô¶¯ #¼ÓÉÏÁË£¬Ç¿ÁÒ½¨ÒéSlackwareµÄÓû§Ò²¼ÓÉÏ£¬ÒòΪ Linux/UNIXÏÂÎļþÒ»µ©É¾ #³ý¾ÍÔÙÒ²ÎÞ·¨»Ö¸´ÁË¡£
alias l=¡äls -l¡ä
alias cd..=¡äcd ..¡ä
alias utar=¡ätar xvfz¡ä #½â *.tar.gz Îļþ
alias inforpm=¡ärpm -qpi¡ä #ÏÔʾrpm°üµÄÐÅÏ¢
alias instrpm=¡ärpm -Uhv¡ä #°²×°rpm°ü
alias listrpm=¡ärpm -qpl¡ä #ÁÐrpm°üÄÚµÄÎļþ
alias uistrpm=¡ärpm -e¡ä #·´°²×°rpm°ü
28. ʹÓÃÃüÁî²¹Æë
ËùνÃüÁî²¹Æë(Command-Line Completion)ÊÇÖ¸µ±¼üÈëµÄ ×Ö·û×ãÒÔÈ·¶¨Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÒ»¸öΨһµÄÎļþʱֻÐë°´ Tab ¼ü¾Í¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯²¹Æë¸ÃÎļþÃûµÄʣϲ¿·Ö£¬ÀýÈçÒª°ÑĿ¼ /freesoft Ï µÄÎļþ gcc-2.8.1.tar.gz ½â°ü£¬µ±¼üÈëµ½ tar xvfz /freesoft/g ʱÈç¹û¸ÃÎļþÊǸÃĿ¼ÏÂΨһÒÔ g ÆðÍ·µÄÎļþ µÄ»°¾Í¿ÉÒÔ°´Ï Tab ¼ü£¬ÕâʱÃüÁî»á±»×Ô¶¯²¹ÆëΪ£ºtar xvfz /freesoft/gcc-2.8.1.tar.gz £¬·Ç³£·½±ã¡£
29. ×îºóÒ»Ìõ¼¼ÇÉ ¡¡
ÓÐʱ¼äµÄ»°¶à¿´¿´ÏµÍ³ÌṩµÄFAQºÍmanÎļþ£¬ÒòΪͨ³£Óöµ½µÄÎÊÌâ´ó¶àÊý¶¼ÄÜÔÚÀïÃæÕÒµ½´ð°¸¡£
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