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ÓÐÐí¶à¿ÉÓõÄÆô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷£¬°üÀ¨GNU GRUB (Grand Unified Boot Loader), Bootmanager, LILO (LInux LOader), NTLDR (boot loader for Windows NT systems)£¬µÈµÈ¡£ÏÂÃæÎÒ½«ÌÖÂÛGNU GRUBÒÔ¼°ËüµÄʹÓ÷½·¨¡£
ʲôÊÇGRUB?
GRUBÊÇÒ»¿î¹¦ÄÜÇ¿´óµÄÆô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷£¬ËüÄܼÓÔضàÖÖ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÀýÈçWindows, DOS, Linux, GNU Hurd, *BSD,µÈµÈ¡£
Ä¿Ç°£¬LILOÊÇ×îÁ÷ÐеÄÆô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷£¬±»ÓÃÀ´¹ÜÀí¶à¸öϵͳµÄÒýµ¼¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬Èç¹ûʹÓÃÁËLILO£¬Äã±ØÐë¼Çס£¬µ±Äãÿ´Î¸Ä±äÁËËüµÄÅäÖûò°²×°ÁËеÄÄںˣ¬¶¼ÒªÖØÐÂÔËÐÐÒ»ÏÂLILO¡£¶øÇÒ£¬LILOµÄÁé»îÐÔҲѷɫÓÚGRUB¡£
GRUBʹÓÃÁé»î¡£ËüµÄ×îа汾£¬0.5.96.1,Ö§³ÖµÄÎļþϵͳ°üÀ¨ext2(LinuxʹÓõÄÒ»ÖÖÎļþϵͳ)£¬FFS(Fast File System used by *BSD UNIX)£¬ReiserFS(Ò»ÖÖΪLinux¿ª·¢µÄÐÂÐÍÈÕÖ¾Îļþϵͳ£¬ÒÔ±»ÈÚÈë2.4.1ÄÚºËÖУ¬minix(Ò»ÖÖΪMINIXϵͳ¿ª·¢µÄÀÏʽÎļþϵͳ£¬ÔÚÔçÆÚµÄLinuxÖÐҲʹÓÃ)¡£Ê¹ÓÃGRUB£¬ÄãÉõÖÁ²»ÓÃÒýµ¼²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬¾ÍÄÜ¡°¿´¡±µ½ÕâЩÎļþϵͳ¡£ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÈçÄãÏë²é¿´Ò»Ï´æ·ÅÔÚÎı¾ÎļþÖеÄÈÕÆÚºÍʱ¼ä£¬¶øÓÖ²»ÏëÒýµ¼Õû¸ö²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃGRUB shell£¨Ìáʾ¡°grub>¡±£©£¬¼üÈëÈçÏÂÃüÁ
grub> cat (partition number)/home/god/2003106110531.htm.txt.
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µÚÒ»²½£º±àÒëºÍ°²×°GRUB
¿ÉÒÔ´Óftp://alpha.gnu.org/pub/gnu/grub ÏÂÔØGRUBµÄÔ´´úÂë¡£
¿ÉÒÔÓÃÃüÁî¡°tar -xvzf 2003106110531.htm.tar.gz¡±½â¿ªÑ¹ËõÎĵµ¡£Îҵõ½µÄÎļþÊÇgrub-0.5.96.1.tar.gz£¬ËùÒÔÎÒÕâÑù×ö£º
# tar -xvzf grub-0.5.96.1.tar.gz
Õâ¸öÃüÁ½â¿ªµÄÎļþºÍĿ¼·ÅÔÚÒ»¸öÃûΪgrub-0.5.96.1µÄĿ¼ÖС£ÏÖÔÚÔËÐÐÈçÏÂÃüÁ
[root@heaven ~/grub-0.5.96.1 ]# ./configure
Èç¹ûÄãÏ붨ÖÆGRUB£¬Ê¹Ö®°üº¬Á÷ÐеÄÎļþϵͳºÍ¶ÔÍø¿¨µÄÖ§³Ö£¬»òÕßɾ³ýÄã²»ÐèÒªµÄÍø¿¨£¬¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÈçÏÂÃüÁ
[root@heaven ~/grub-0.5.96.1 ]# ./configure --help
Õâ¸öÃüÁÊä³öËùÓеÄÃüÁîÑ¡Ïî¡£ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔʹÓáªenableºÍ¡ªdisableÑ¡ÏîÔö¼Ó»òɾ³ý¶ÔÌض¨Íø¿¨µÄÖ§³Ö¡££¨×¢Ò⣺GRUBÖ§³ÖÍøÂçÆô¶¯£©
ΪÁË¿ªÊ¼±àÒë¹ý³Ì£¬¼üÈëÈçÏÂÃüÁ
[root@heaven ~/grub-0.5.96.1 ]# make
ΪÁ˽«ËùÓÐÎļþ½øÐÐÕýÈ·µÄ°²×°£¬¼üÈëÃüÁ
[root@heaven ~/grub-0.5.96.1 ]# make install
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½«GRUBµÄÏà¹ØÎļþ±£´æÔÚÖîÈç/boot/grubµÄĿ¼Öв»Ê§ÎªÒ»¸öºÃÖ÷Ò⡣Ϊ´Ë£¬°´Èçϲ½Ö裺
1£®Ä¬ÈÏ״̬Ï£¬GRUBËùÓÐÎļþ½«°²×°ÔÚ/usr/share/grub/i386-pc»òÕß/usr/local/share/grub/i386-pcĿ¼Ï£¬Õâֻȡ¾öÓÚÄãµÄshell±äÁ¿µÄÉèÖá£
2£®½¨Á¢Ò»¸ö½Ð×ö/boot/grubµÄĿ¼£¬È»ºó¿½±´ÏÂÁÐÎļþµ½Õâ¸öĿ¼£º
stage1
stage2
*_stage1_5
ÉÔºòÎÒ½«½âÊÍÕâЩÎļþ¡£Í¬Ê±Ò²Òª°ÑGRUB(¿ÉÄÜÔÚ/usr/sbin»òÕß/usr/local/sbinĿ¼ÏÂ)¿½±´µ½/boot/grubĿ¼Ï¡£
°²×°GRUB֮ǰ£¬ÄãÐèÒªÁ˽âGRUBÊÇÔõÑùʶ±ðÄãµÄÓ²Å̺ͷÖÇøÐÅÏ¢µÄ¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬¼ÆÊýÊÇ´Ó0¿ªÊ¼µÄ£¬¶ø²»ÊÇ´Ó1¡£ÔÚLinuxÖУ¬ÄãµÄÁ¬½Óµ½Ö÷¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÉϵĵÚÒ»¿éÓ²Å̱»³ÆΪ¡°had¡±¡£ÔÚGRUBÖм´Îª¡°hd0¡±¡£Í¬ÑùµÄ£¬ÔÚGRUBÖУ¬ÄãµÄµÚÒ»¸öÈíÇýÊÇ¡°fd0¡±¡£ÕâÑù£¬µÚÒ»¿éÓ²ÅÌÉϵĵÚÒ»¡¢¶þ¡¢Èý¸ö·ÖÇø·Ö±ðΪ¡°hd0,0¡±¡¢¡°hd0,1¡±¡¢¡°hd0,2¡±¡£×¢Ò⣺¶ººÅÊÇGRUB·ÖÇøÃüÃû·¨µÄ±ØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö¡£
ΪÁ˽«¶ººÅ¸ô¿ªµÄ²¿·ÖÕûºÏÔÚÒ»Æð£¬ÐèҪʹÓÃÀ¨ºÅ¡£ÀýÈ磺(hd0,0) (hd0,1) (hd0,2)µÈµÈ¡£(hd0,0)ÊǵÚÒ»¿éÓ²ÅÌÉϵĵÚÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø¡£ÀàËƵģ¬(hd1,5)Êǵڶþ¿ìÓ²ÅÌÉϵĵÚÁù¸ö·ÖÇø£¬(hd2,0)ÊǵÚÈý¿éÓ²ÅÌÉϵĵÚÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø¡£
message. This may take a long time.
µÚ¶þ²½£º°²×°GRUB
°²×°GRUB¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪÈý¸öµ¥¶ÀµÄ²½Ö裺
1£®½«¡°stage1¡±°²×°µ½MBRÖС£
2£®ÉèÖá°stage2¡±µÄµØÖ·»òÕßλÖá£
3£®ÉèÖÃÒ»¸ö²Ëµ¥»òÑ¡ÏÓÃÀ´¾ö¶¨Æô¶¯ÄÄÒ»¸ö²Ù×÷ϵͳ¡£
ʹÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁʼ°²×°GRUB¡£
[root@heaven /boot/grub ]# ./grub
Õâ¸öÃüÁî¸ù¾ÝBIOSµÄÉèÖüì²âÓ²¼þÉ豸£¬Í¬Ê±²úÉúһЩÊä³öÐÅÏ¢¡£Õâ»á»¨½Ï³¤µÄʱ¼ä¡£
end_request: I/O error, dev 02:00 (floppy), sector 0
GRUB version 0.5.96.1 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)
×¢Ò⣺ËäÈ»ËüÈÃÈ˸е½·Ç³£¾ªÆ棬GRUBȷʵÓмò½àµÄ½çÃ桪¾ÍÏóÖ§³ÖÐбà¼Ò»Ñù¡£TABÁгö¿ÉÄܵÄÃüÁîÁÐ±í¡£ÆäËüÇé¿öÏÂTAB»áÁгöÉ豸»òÎļþÃû¡£¿´µ½ÕâЩÄã»áºÜ¾ªÆæ°É¡£ÀàËÆÏÂÃæµÄÌáʾ»á³öÏÖ£º
grub>
sorry for forgetting where I got it, if you know, tell me, thanks
ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÎÒ¼ÙÉèÄ㽫Linux°²×°ÔÚÁ˵ÚÒ»¿éÓ²Å̵ĵÚÒ»¸öÀ©Õ¹·ÖÇøÖлòÕß/dev/hda5ÖС£¼ÇסGRUBµÄÃüÃû¹æÔò£¬½«ÉÏÃæµÄÃû×Ö¸ÄΪ(hd0,4)¡£¼üÈëÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ
grub> install (hd0,4)/boot/grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0,4)/boot/grub/stage2 p (hd0,4)/boot/grub/menu.conf
ÏÖÔÚÈÃÎÒÃÇ·ÖÎöÒ»ÏÂÕâ¸öÃüÁîµÄϸ½Ú¡£
install
Ò»¸öÄÚÖõÄÃüÁËü¸æËßGRUB½«(hd0,4)/boot/grub/grub/stage1°²×°µ½hd0µÄÖ÷Òýµ¼¼Í¼ÖС£
(hd0,4)/boot/grub/stage2
¸æËßGRUB stage2Ó³ÏóµÄλÖá£
p with the the following options: (hd0,4)/boot/grub/menu.conf
Ϊ²Ëµ¥µÄÏÔʾÉèÖÃÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£ÉÔºòÎÒ½«ÌÖÂÛÕâ¸öÅäÖÃÎļþµÄ½á¹¹¡£
ÏÂÃæÊǶÔÕâ¸öÃüÁîÓ÷¨µÄ×ܽ᣺
1£®install
2£®source_of_stage1
3£®where_to_install
4£®source_of_stage2
5£®p source_of_configuration_file
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ÔÚÈíÅÌÉϵݲװ£º
ΪÁËÔÚÈíÅÌÉÏ°²×°GRUB£¬ÄãÒª»áÓá°dd¡±ÃüÁ²¢ÇÒÁ˽âËüÊÇÈçºÎ¹¤×÷µÄ¡£ÎªÁË×öÒ»ÕÅGRUBÆô¶¯ÅÌ£¬ÄãÒª½«stage1ºÍstage2Îļþ·Åµ½ÈíÅ̵ĿªÊ¼ÉÈÇøÖС£
°²×°stage1µ½ÈíÅÌÉÏ£º
²åÈëÒ»ÕÅÒѸñʽ»¯µÄÈíÅÌ£¬¼üÈëÃüÁ
[root@heaven /boot/grub ]# dd if=stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
ÃüÁîµÄÏêϸ˵Ã÷ÈçÏ£º
if=input file
i.e., stage1
of=output file
i.e., floppy drive (this may be different on your computer)
bs=bytes to read and write
Here it is 512 bytes.
count=how many times to perform this operation
ÿ´Î¿½±´¡°bs¡±ÊýÄ¿µÄ¿éµ½Ä¿±êµØÖ·¡£
°²×°stage2µ½ÈíÅÌ
[root@heaven /boot/grub ]# dd if=stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1
ÕâÀïµÄ²½Öèͬstage1µÄÏàͬ£¬³ýÁËÒ»¸öseekÑ¡ÏîÍâ¡£SeekÑ¡Ïµ÷¹ýÒ»¸ö¡°bs¡±¡£ÀýÈ磬ÔÚÉÏÃæµÄÃüÁîÖÐbsµÄÖµÊÇ512,ÕâÑùseek=1Òâζ׎«Ìø¹ýÈíÅÌÉÏÇ°512¸ö×Ö½Ú£¬´Ó513×Ö½Ú¿ªÊ¼¡£Õ⽫ʹµÃµÚÒ»²½²Ù×÷²»»á¸²¸Çstage1µÄÇ°512×Ö½Ú¡£
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µÚÈý²½£ºÅäÖÃGRUB
ÔÚÕâÒ»½Ú£¬ÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´Ò»ÏÂÈçºÎÔÚÆô¶¯ºó½øÈë¸÷ÖÖ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÈçºÎ½¨Á¢menu.confÎļþ¡£
ÎÒÃǾʹÓGRUBÖ§³ÖµÄÆô¶¯¹ý³Ì¿ªÊ¼¡£¿ÉÒÔÓÐÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨À´Íê³ÉÆô¶¯¹ý³Ì£º
・A.ͨ¹ýµ÷ÓÃÄں˱¾µØÆô¶¯
・B.Á¬ÐøÆô¶¯»òÕß½«¿ØÖÆת¸øÁíÒ»¸öÒýµ¼Æ÷
AģʽÆô¶¯¹ý³Ì
1£®ÖøúÉ豸»òÕ߸æËßGRUBÄãµÄ¸ùÎļþϵͳ¡£
2£®ËßGRUBÄãµÄÄÚºËÓ°ÏñµÄλÖã¬È»ºó½«²ÎÊý´«Ë͸øÄںˡ£
3£®ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯£¬ÊÔһϡ£
ΪÁËÆô¶¯Linux£¬ÎÒ½«ÄÚºËÒÔbzImageµÄÎļþÃû·ÅÔÚ/boot/Ŀ¼ÖУ¬¸úÎļþϵͳÊÇ/dev/hda5£¬»òÕßGRUBÖеÄ(hd0,4)¡£ÎÒµÄÆô¶¯¹ý³ÌÈçÏ£º
1.root (hd0,4) [This sets the root partition]
2.kernel /boot/bzImage root=/dev/hda5 [This sets the kernel]
BģʽÆô¶¯¹ý³Ì£¨ÕâÖÖģʽ¼ÙÉ赱ǰµÄ·ÖÇøÖа²×°ÁËÁíÒ»¸öÆô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷£¬ÀýÈçLILO»òÕßNTLDR£©£º
1£®ÉèÖøù·ÖÇøµ«²»Òª°²×°Ëü
2£®¼¤»îÕâ¸ö·ÖÇø
3£®ÅäÖÃÐèÒªÆô¶¯µÄ·ÖÇøµÄµÚÒ»¸öÉÈÇø
4£®ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯£¬¿´Ò»ÏÂЧ¹û¡£
ÎÒÃÇÔÚÊÔÊÔÆô¶¯°²×°ÔÚ/dev/hda1»òÕß(hd0£¬0)µÄwidows¡£Æô¶¯windowsµÄ¹ý³ÌÈçÏÂ:
1.rootnoverify (hd0,0)
2.makeactive
3.chainloader +1 [+1 sets the first sector of the current root partition]
4.boot [transfers the control and quits GRUB]
menu.confÎļþ£ºËüÓÃÓÚ½¨Á¢Æô¶¯¶à²Ù×÷ϵͳʱµÄ²Ëµ¥¡£½¨Á¢menu.conf²¢²»ÄÑ¡£ËüʹÓüòµ¥µÄÓ¢Ó¾ÍÏóÄãÔÚÕâÒ»½Ú¿´µ½µÄÄÇÑù¡£
ËùÓеIJ˵¥ÏîÄ¿¶¼ÒÔûÓжººÅ·Ö¸ôµÄ¡°title TITLENAME¡±¿ªÍ·¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔËæÒâÉèÖÃTITLENAME¡£
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1£®ÉèÖñêÌâ
2£®ÉèÖøù·ÖÇø
3£®ÉèÖÃÄں˵ÄÏàÓ¦²ÎÊý
4£®Æô¶¯
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title Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 kernel 2.4.1
root (hd0,4)
kernel /boot/bzImage.2.4.1
boot
#----
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½¨Á¢Æô¶¯Windows »òÕß DOSµÄ²Ëµ¥£º
title Windoze
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1
boot
#----
Èç¹ûÄã°²×°ÁËÁ½¸ö°æ±¾µÄWindows¡ªÒ»¸öÊÇÄã×Ô¼ºÓõģ¬ÁíÒ»¸ö¸øÄãµÄ¼ÒÈËÓõġªÕâÑùµÚ¶þ¸ö¾ÍÎÞ·¨°²×°£¬ÒòΪÓÐÌáʾ˵WindowsÒѾ°²×°ÁË¡£
ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨¿ÉÒÔ°²×°Á½¸ö°æ±¾µÄWindows£¬¼´ÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±Òþ²ØÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø¶øʹÓÃÁíÒ»¸ö¡£ÄãÉõÖÁ¿ÉÒÔΪÄãµÄ·ÖÇøÉèÖÃÃÜÂë±£»¤£¬ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔ±ÜÃâ±ðÈË´íÎóµÄ¼ÓÔØÄãµÄ·ÖÇø¡£ÏÂÃæ½éÉÜÈçºÎÍê³ÉÁ½¸öWindowsµÄ°²×°£¬hda1ºÍhda2 »òÕß (hd0,0) ºÍ (hd0,1)£¬Óõ½µÄÃüÁîÓÐlock, password, hide ºÍ unhide¡£
½¨Á¢windows ÏîÄ¿"My Entry":
title My Entry
lock
unhide (hd0,0)
hide (hd0,1)
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1
boot
#----
ΪÁ˸üºÃµÄʹÓÃlockÃüÁÄãÐèÒªÔÚÅäÖÃÎļþ¿ªÍ·Ê¹ÓÃpasswordÃüÁî¡£PasswordÃüÁîµÄÓï·¨ÈçÏ£ºpassword secret(¡°secret¡±¾ÍÊÇÃÜÂë)¡£ÈκÎʱºòÄ㶼¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý°´p¼ü¶ùÊäÈëÃÜÂë¡£
½¨Á¢Windows ÏîÄ¿"Family Entry"
title Family Entry
unhide (hd0,1)
hide (hd0,0)
rootnoverify (hd0,1)
makeactive
chainloader +1
boot
----
ÈκÎÈ˶¼¿ÉÒÔÆô¶¯Õâ¸öÏîÄ¿£¬¶øÎÞÐëÊäÈëÃÜÂë¡£
ÕâÓÐÒ»¸öʹÓÃpasswordÃüÁîµÄÓÐȤµÄÇÏÃÅ¡£ÎªÁËÔÚȱʡ²Ëµ¥Áбí»òÅäÖÃÎļþÖÐÒþ²ØijЩÏîÄ¿£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁî¼ÓÔØÒ»¸ö¶¨ÖƵÄÁÐ±í£º
password secret
ÔÚÕâ¸öÃüÁîÖУ¬¡°secret¡±ÊÇÃÜÂ룬¶ø/boot/grub/secret-list.confÊÇÃÜÂëÎļþ¡£ÕâÑù×ö֮ǰ£¬ÄãÒªÏȽøÈëµ½¸ùĿ¼»òÕ߸ø³öȫ·¾¶Ãû¡£ÀýÈ磺
password secret (hd0,4)/boot/grub/secret-list.conf
»¹ÓÐÒ»¸ö¸üÖØÒªµÄÃüÁîÊÇ¡°map¡±¡£µ±ÄãÓÐÁ½¿éÓ²ÅÌ£¬Ò»¸öÎÞ·¨´ÓµÚ¶þ¿éÓ²ÅÌÆô¶¯µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÀýÈçWindows£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃmapÃüÁî¡£ÀýÈ磬ÄãÄܹ»½«hd0Ó³ÉäΪhd1£¬½«hd1Ó³ÉäΪhd0¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÐéÄâµÄ½»»»Á½¸öÓ²Å̶øÆô¶¯ËùÐèÒªµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ¡£ÃüÁîÐÎʽÈçÏ£º
grub> map (hd0) (hd1)
grub> map (hd1) (hd0)
Æô¶¯FreeBSD£º
title FreeBSD 4.0
root (hd0,4,a)
kernel /boot/loader
boot
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