Linux中汇编程序设计讲解-红联Linux系统门户

摘要：本文主要讲述了Linux下使用汇编的利弊，以及常用汇编工具的使用和语法特点。重点讲述了NASM。

引言：汇编语言是低级语言，与硬件和操作系统紧密联系。个人电脑以前都是用DOS，现在发展成了WINDOWS 98，而另一个操作系统Linux也正在崛起。下面比较一下这三个操作系统：

DOS较稳定，速度快无法充分发挥计算机性能，没有图形界面较低。

WINDOWS 98操作简便，应用软件多,硬件兼容性好；不稳定，经常死机，速度慢高。

Linux性能优秀，非常稳定，界面美观，操作简便；缺乏软件厂商支持，应用软件少免费。

由以上的比较可知，Linux操作系统本身具有较大优势，它的普及应该只是时间问题，所以如何在Linux下开发软件是我们计算机系学生必须学习与研究的一个课题。

Linux 下的主要编程语言是C，同时Linux还支持其他许多编程语言，汇编语言作为最重要的编程语言之一，当然也包括在内。它能够完成许多其他语言所不能完成的功能。要学习Linux编程，就必须要学习Linux下的汇编程序设计。下面我就来介绍一下Linux下的汇编程序设计。

Linux汇编简介

一、汇编语言的优缺点

由于Linux是用C写的，所以C自然而然的就成为了Linux的标准编程语言。大部分人都把汇编给忽略了，甚至在因特网上找资料都是非常的困难，很多问题都需要靠自己来尝试。我认为这样对待汇编语言是不公平的，不能只看到它的缺点，当然也不能只看到它的优点，下面把它的优缺点作一个比较：

优点：汇编语言可以表达非常底层的东西

可以直接存取寄存器和I/O；

编写的代码可以非常精确的被执行；

可以编写出比一般编译系统高效的代码；

可以作为不同语言或不同标准的接口。

缺点：汇编语言是一个非常低级的语言

非常冗长单调，在DOS下编程时就可以体会到；

易出BUG，且调试困难；

代码不易维护；

兼容性不好，与硬件关系非常紧密。

总的来说，汇编语言要用在必须的地方，尽量少用汇编编写大型程序，多采用inline模式。

二、汇编语言工具

DOS 下常用的工具MASM和TASM到Linux下就用不起来了，Linux有自己的汇编工具，而且种类非常的多。其中Gas可以算是标准配置，每一种 Linux中都包括有Gas，但是GAS采用的不是我们通常在DOS下采用的汇编语法，它采用的是AT＆T的语法格式，与intel语法格式有很大的不同。

如果要采用与DOS接近的语法格式，就必须用另一种汇编工具NASM，NASM基本与MASM相同，但也有不少地方有较大区别，特别涉及到操作系统原理时，与DOS可以说是截然不同。

Linux汇编程序设计

一、Hello,world!

几乎所有的语言入门篇都是以“Hello,world!”为例，那么我也以Hello,world!为例开始。

引用:
NASM's standalone Hello-World.asm for Linux
section .text
extern puts
global main

main:
push dword msg ;stash the *** of msg on the stack.
call puts ;call the 'puts' routine (libc?)
add esp, byte 4 ;clean the stack?
ret ;exit.

msg:
db "Hello World!",0

编译：

引用:
nasm -f elf hello.asm
gcc -o hello hello.o

说明：这个程序实际上是调用了，Linux系统的puts函数，原理与调用DOS下C语言的函数相同，先用Extern声明puts是外部函数，再把参数（即msg的地址）压入堆栈，最后Call函数实现输出。

我们再来看一个程序：

引用:
section .text
global main

main:
mov eax,4 ;4号调用
mov ebx,1 ;ebx送1表示stdout
mov ecx,msg ;字符串的首地址送入ecx
mov edx,14 ;字符串的长度送入edx
int 80h ;输出字串
mov eax,1 ;1号调用
int 80h ;结束
msg:
db "Hello World!",0ah,0dh
（编译同上一个程序）

这个程序与DOS程序十分相似，它用的是linux中的80h中断，相当于DOS下的21h中断，只是因为Linux是32位操作系统，所以采用了 EAX、EBX等寄存器。但是Linux作为一个多用户的操作系统与DOS又是有着非常大的区别的。要写出有特色的程序，不了解操作系统和硬件是不行的。下面我介绍一下Linux操作系统。

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Linux中汇编程序设计讲解

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