Linux中硬链接和软链接的介绍-红联Linux系统门户

　　首先要弄清楚,在Linux系统中,内核为每一个新创建的文件分配一个Inode(索引结点),每个文件都有一个惟一的inode号。文件属性保存在索引结点里，在访问文件时，索引结点被复制到内存在，从而实现文件的快速访问。

　　链接是一种在共享文件和访问它的用户的若干目录项之间建立联系的一种方法。Linux中包括两种链接：硬链接(Hard Link)和软链接(Soft Link),软链接又称为符号链接（Symbolic link）。

　　一、硬链接

　　硬链接说白了是一个指针，指向文件索引节点，系统并不为它重新分配inode。可以用:ln命令来建立硬链接。语法:

引用:
ln [options] existingfile newfile
ln[options] existingfile-list directory

　　用法: 第一种:为”existingfile”创建硬链接,文件名为”newfile”。第二种:在”directory”目录中,为”existingfile-list”中包含的所有文件创建一个同名的硬链接。常用可选[options] -f 无论”newfile”存在与否,都创建链接。-n 如果”newfile”已存在,就不创建链接。

　　下面举一些例子:

引用:
$ ls -il
13058 -rwx - - - - - - 1 longcheng longcheng 48 8月 5 16:38 file1
13059 -rwx - - - - - - 1 longcheng longcheng 57 8月 5 16:40 file2
$ ln file2 file2hard
$ ls -il
13058 -rwx - - - - - - 1 longcheng longcheng 48 8月 5 16:38 file1
13059 -rwx - - - - - - 2 longcheng longcheng 57 8月 5 16:40 file2
13059 -rwx - - - - - - 2 longcheng longcheng 57 8月 5 16:40 file2hard

　　注意在创建链接前,file1 显示的链接数目为1,创建链接后(1)file1和file1hard的链接数目都变为2;(2) file1和file1hard在inode号是一样的(3) file1和file1hard显示的文件大小也是一样。可见进行了ln命令的操作结果：file1和file1hard是同一个文件的两个名字，它们具有同样的索引节点号和文件属性，建立文件file1的硬链接，就是为file1的文件索引节点在当前目录上建立一个新指针。

　　链接数同时减一,只有将所有指向文件内容的指针,也即链接数减为0时，内核才会把文件内容从磁盘上删除。当前目录逻辑结构：(不好意思图没有显示出来)。

　　还可以在不同目录，但同一文件系统中建立文件的硬链接。设file1、file2在目录/home/longcheng/dir1中，下面的命令，在/home/longcheng中建立file2的硬链接。

引用:
ln file2 /home/longcheng/file2hard

　　下面的程序，是将dir1目录中所有文件，在目录dir2中建立硬链接

引用:
$mkdir dir2
$ln /home/longcheng/dir1/* /home/longcheng/dir2

　　如果使用了 ln -f existingfile newfile,如果newfile已经存在，则无论原来newfile是什么文件，只用当前用户对它有写权限，newfile就成为exisitngfile的硬链接文件。

　　尽管硬链接节省空间，也是Linux系统整合文件系统的传统方式，但是存在一下不足之处：

　　（1）不可以在不同文件系统的文件间建立链接

　　（2）只有超级用户才可以为目录创建硬链接。虽然很多树上说root用户可以创建，但是笔者在学习过程中发现即使是root用户也不能创建，我的系统是Redhat，内核2.4、2.6都试过，在其他系统中不知道是不是可以。

72.232.63.* 于 2007-07-12 20:25:30发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-07-12 20:24:56发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-07-12 20:23:55发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-07-12 20:23:37发表:

72.232.63.* 于 2007-07-12 20:23:24发表:

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 20:17:58发表:

jouer casino jeu casino gratuit http://www.freewebs.com/casino-279/jeu-casino-1.html http://www.freewebs.com/casino-758/casino-8.html bonus jouez au casino en ligne hoodia and phentermine http://www.sacrocuorestatte.it/visitatori/_disc1/00000bbd.htm hoodia and phentermine http://www.freewebs.com/poker-816/poker-18.html jeu de poker en ligne bet gamme com jeu la fran?ise des jeux http://www.freewebs.com/poker-630/jeu-11.html

209.6.196.* 于 2007-07-12 19:16:16发表:

free real music ringtone sprint http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-928/journal/570929/ free ringtone casino slot casino slot http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-340/casino_1.html madonna ringtones ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-582/journal/571089/ free alltel ringtones free sprint ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-126/journal/572599/ bacara web bacara internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-222/baccarat_1.html

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 18:22:25发表:

casino virtual paginas internet casinos paginas internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-474/casino_pagina_1.html http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-126/journal/572678/ download free ringtones ringtone casinos espana portales internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-287/casinos_espana_1.html casinos espana portal web free sprint ringtone free nextel ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-24/journal/570770/ dave hollister ringtone ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-555/journal/572448/

74.136.31.* 于 2007-07-12 18:16:08发表:

gambling portals gamble online http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-691/gamble_1.html casino internacional portales casino internacional portal web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-137/casino_internacional_1.html pai gow poker pagina internet pai gow poker portales web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-585/pai_gow_1.html spielregeln blackjack http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-30/blackjack_12.html blackjack 21 download free cingular ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-79/journal/572676/ download free cingular ringtones

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 18:05:56发表:

premios dinero pagina web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-995/premio_dinero_1.html premios dinero pagina web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-94/juego_al_instante_1.html juego al instante portal juego al instante online poquer linea http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-41/poquer_1.html poquer online http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-928/journal/570903/ 100 free ringtone free ringtone juego paginas internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-759/juego_pagina_1.html juegos paginas internet

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 18:04:35发表:

http://www.freewebs.com/drugs-470/cheap-tramadol-2.html cheap tramadol cheap tramadol nextel ringtone cingular ringtone http://www.freewebs.com/ringtone-764/ringtones-12.html cash advance tulsa http://www.freewebs.com/cash-640/cash-advance-tulsa.html cash advance tulsa cash advance chicago cash advance chicago http://www.freewebs.com/cash-413/cash-advance-chicago.html cheap phentermine cheap phentermine http://www.theashlandsaints.com/Saints/0000006a.htm

66.177.233.* 于 2007-07-12 17:55:19发表:

pai gow poker pai gow poker http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-704/pai_gow_1.html http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-492/juego_pagina_1.html juegos pagina internet jugar paginas internet casinos en linea http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-816/casino_1.html casino atlantis free sprint ringtone cingular ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-106/journal/572485/ juego bacara baccarat online http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-667/baccarat_1.html

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 17:29:08发表:

ruleta ruleta juego descarga http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-267/roulette_1.html http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-928/journal/570906/ download free ringtone free nextel ringtone download games poker gratis poker game download http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-833/poker_game_1.html http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-696/journal/572504/ ying yang twins ringtone mosquito ringtone free nextel ringtone free nextel ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-67/journal/572221/

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 17:10:05发表:

http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-41/keno_1.html keno portal web keno pagina web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-863/juego_al_instante_1.html juego al instante web juego al instante portales gambling online http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-287/gamble_1.html gambling ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-79/journal/572790/ download free ringtones http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-334/gamble_1.html wager free gambling

222.124.197.* 于 2007-07-12 16:45:52发表:

black eyed pea ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-316/journal/572373/ black eyed pea ringtone http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-222/juego_1.html juegos linea juegos linea juego cartas juegos poker shareware http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-340/juego_poker_1.html casinos internacionales pagina web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-222/casino_internacional_1.html casino internacional portal web casino paginas internet casino paginas internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-328/casino_pagina_1.html

61.236.229.* 于 2007-07-12 16:39:05发表:

http://www.freewebs.com/poker-558/poker-1.html casino poker stanza poker http://www.freewebs.com/drugs-960/buy-soma.html buy soma online buy soma regole baccarat regole baccarat http://www.freewebs.com/poker-191/baccarat-1.html casino italia web casino http://www.freewebs.com/casino-228/casino-6.html gioco poker poker in linea http://www.freewebs.com/poker-82/poker-5.html

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 16:38:00发表:

http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-126/journal/572835/ ringtones free cingular ringtones casinos paginas internet casinos paginas internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-585/casino_pagina_1.html jugar seguro portal http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-222/juego_seguro_1.html jugar seguro portal http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-126/journal/572312/ free cingular cell phone ringtone free ringtone video poker linea http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-696/video_poker_1.html video poker linea

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 16:35:01发表:

juego al instante paginas internet juego al instante paginas internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-412/juego_al_instante_1.html http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-800/caribbean_poker_1.html caribbean poker pagina web caribbean poker pagina web pai gow poker web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-168/pai_gow_1.html pai gow poker portal web http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-135/journal/572682/ cingular ringtones lil wayne ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-807/journal/572408/ dave hollister ringtone ringtone

24.45.250.* 于 2007-07-12 11:10:32发表:

http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-41/juego_pagina_1.html jugar pagina web jugar pagina internet pai gow poker online pai gow poker portal internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-667/pai_gow_1.html juego paginas web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-79/juego_pagina_1.html juego paginas web internet blackjack black jack online http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-41/blackjack_1.html ganar premios pagina web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-113/ganar_premio_1.html ganar premio online

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 11:06:06发表:

tavoli multigiocatori poker http://www.freewebs.com/poker-428/giochi-2.html giochi internet online slot machine http://www.freewebs.com/casino-985/slots-1.html internet slots cash advance cash advance http://www.freewebs.com/cash-838/cash-advance.html http://www.lo-ung.com/_disc6/00000582.htm drug rehab drug rehab cash advance now cash advance now http://www.freewebs.com/cash-316/cash-advance-now.html

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 11:04:56发表:

polyphonic ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-79/journal/572537/ cell phone ringtone nextel ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-24/journal/570811/ marilyn manson ringtones jugar video poquer web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-338/video_poker_1.html video poquer linea pai gow poker portal web pai gow poker portal internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-833/pai_gow_1.html juego ruleta descargar gratis http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-863/roulette_1.html probabilidades ruleta

12.226.231.* 于 2007-07-12 09:25:33发表:

free real ringtone free ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-90/journal/570936/ ganar dinero verdadero portales http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-704/ganar_dinero_1.html ganar dinero verdadero portal free ringtone free cell phone ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-696/journal/572208/ http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-126/journal/572787/ nextel ringtones selena ringtones polyphonic ringtones polyphonic ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-79/journal/572815/

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 09:20:07发表:

http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-696/juego_poker_1.html juegos poker shareware jugar poker internet free verizon ringtone free virgin mobile ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-106/journal/572238/ free mobile phone ringtone free mp3 ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-79/journal/572207/ free sprint ringtones free ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-167/journal/570700/ http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-135/journal/572741/ cingular ringtones marilyn manson ringtones

203.162.27.* 于 2007-07-12 09:15:31发表:

madonna ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-24/journal/570784/ black eyed pea ringtone juego gratis paginas internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-192/juego_gratis_1.html jugar gratis internet blackjack game http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-827/blackjack_1.html black jack game poker multiplayer poker game http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-241/poker_game_1.html http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-102/video_poker_1.html video poquer linea juego video poker

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 09:12:37发表:

casino virtual paginas internet casino virtual paginas internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-816/casino_pagina_1.html free verizon ringtones free ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-67/journal/572563/ http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-585/casino_internacional_1.html casino internacional portales web casinos internacionales online jugar gratis pagina internet juego gratis portales web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-474/juego_gratis_1.html spielregeln roulette http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-918/roulette_7.html roulette spielen

198.30.120.* 于 2007-07-12 08:38:04发表:

download free ringtones free ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-748/journal/572661/ download games poker gratis multiplayer poker game http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-633/poker_game_1.html free cingular ringtones ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-695/journal/571113/ jugar poker linea juegos poker share http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-192/juego_poker_1.html juego seguro portal web juego seguro paginas web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-392/juego_seguro_1.html

24.45.250.* 于 2007-07-12 08:26:46发表:

ganar dinero verdadero pagina internet gana dinero web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-102/ganar_dinero_1.html cingular ringtone nextel ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-488/journal/570873/ http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-927/journal/572832/ cingular ringtone ringtones poker software pokerparty http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-160/poker_1.html download ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-927/journal/572488/ download free ringtone

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 08:10:40发表:

http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-582/journal/570996/ cingular ringtone ringtone free ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-582/journal/571029/ free alltel ringtones keno portales keno paginas internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-137/keno_1.html tragaperras portal web tragaperra online http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-880/tragaperra_1.html http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-79/juego_interactivo_1.html juego interactivo portal web juego interactivo pagina web

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 08:08:16发表:

download free cingular ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-582/journal/571002/ free cingular cell phone ringtones casinos descargas pagina internet casinos descargas portales web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-192/casino_descargas_1.html ganar premio portales web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-241/ganar_premio_1.html ganar premio portal web premios dinero premio dinero linea http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-241/premio_dinero_1.html http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-222/premio_dinero_1.html premio dinero pagina internet premio dinero portales internet

65.184.166.* 于 2007-07-12 07:00:31发表:

polyphonic ringtones ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-24/journal/570808/ juego de cartas juego cartas poker http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-982/juego_poker_1.html casino pagina web casino virtual paginas web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-267/casino_pagina_1.html casinos descargas casinos descargas paginas internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-241/casino_descargas_1.html jugar bacara web jugar bacara internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-492/baccarat_1.html

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 05:43:19发表:

kostenlose casino spiele echte casinospiele http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-30/casino_spiele_12.html ringtones free cingular ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-106/journal/572680/ echtes kasino kasino im internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-918/kasino_7.html free ringtone download free verizon ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-807/journal/572360/ casinos descargas pagina internet casinos descargas portal http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-585/casino_descargas_1.html

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 05:24:00发表:

http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-340/poquer_1.html poquer internet poquer online ringtone celtic frost ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-488/journal/570842/ http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-338/casino_internacional_1.html casinos internacionales pagina internet casino internacional linea ringtones download free ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-928/journal/571102/ maquina tragaperras portal web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-412/maquinas_tragaperras_1.html maquinas tragaperras pagina web

212.223.162.* 于 2007-07-12 05:17:39发表:

ganar dinero pagina internet ganar dinero paginas web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-492/ganar_dinero_1.html keno online keno online http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-914/keno_1.html tragamonedas tragaperra linea http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-699/tragaperra_1.html http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-995/juegos_azar_1.html juegos azar paginas web juegos azar paginas web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-998/poker_1.html online poker encuentros poker

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 05:16:21发表:

poker table http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-759/poker_1.html poker libre http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-94/juego_gratis_1.html jugar gratis paginas web juego gratis portal web internet blackjack http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-30/blackjack_11.html internet blackjack casinos espana paginas internet casinos espana paginas internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-113/casinos_espana_1.html free sprint ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-869/journal/572615/ free ringtones

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 05:15:30发表:

http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-995/maquinas_tragaperras_1.html maquinas tragaperras paginas internet maquina tragaperras portales mosquito ringtone ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-488/journal/570847/ black eyed pea ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-90/journal/571111/ ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-927/journal/572611/ free virgin mobile ringtones free virgin mobile ringtones http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-696/pai_gow_1.html pai gow poker portales internet pai gow poker portal web

203.162.27.* 于 2007-07-12 05:09:25发表:

lil wayne ringtones ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-126/journal/572812/ http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-192/gamble_1.html gambling casinos gambling game juego pagina web juego pagina web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-168/juego_pagina_1.html online roulette spielen roulette online spielen http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-918/roulette_1.html free real ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-748/journal/572322/ free real ringtone

24.128.79.* 于 2007-07-12 05:05:26发表:

casino pagina web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-914/casino_pagina_1.html casino virtual paginas web reglas juego poker http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-102/juego_poker_1.html reglas juego poker http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-696/maquinas_tragaperras_1.html maquinas tragaperras paginas internet maquinas tragaperras paginas internet http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-927/journal/572270/ free ringtone free motorola ringtone ganar premios pagina internet ganar premios pagina internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-137/ganar_premio_1.html

203.162.27.* 于 2007-07-12 05:02:36发表:

gambling game http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-113/gamble_1.html gambling games cell phone ringtone celtic frost ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-167/journal/570680/ http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-667/ganar_premio_1.html ganar premio portal internet ganar premio paginas internet free ringtone free cell phone ringtone http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-807/journal/572224/ http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-695/journal/571036/ free ringtones free nextel ringtones

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 05:02:13发表:

casinos en linea maquinas para casinos http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-926/casino_1.html ganar dinero verdadero paginas internet ganar dinero verdadero pagina web http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-216/ganar_dinero_1.html free nokia ringtones free ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-555/journal/572637/ bacara online http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-759/baccarat_1.html bacara online download free cingular ringtones download free cingular ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-135/journal/572501/

0.0.0.* 于 2007-07-12 04:59:21发表:

best online casinos casino slot http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-94/casino_1.html download free ringtones free real ringtones http://www.quizilla.com/users/ringtone-106/journal/572531/ http://www.getaportal.com/portals/casino-585/juego_pagina_1.html jugar pagina internet juegos paginas internet tragaperra online tragamonedas linea http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-735/tragaperra_1.html casinos espanol casinos espana pagina internet http://www.getaportal.com/portals/poker-800/casinos_espana_1.html

Linux中硬链接和软链接的介绍

共有 2240 条评论

频道文章

最新教程

随机推荐