1 引言
由于一般嵌入式开发系统存储容量有限,在裁减和定制Linux,运用于嵌入式系统前,通常需要在PC机上建立一个用于目标机的交叉编译环境,也就是将各种二进制工具程序集成为工具链,其中包括如GNU的链接器(ld)、GNU的汇编器(as)、ar(产生修改和解开一个存档文件)、C编译器(gcc)以及C链接库(glibc)。本文以在Linux系统上针对目标机arm为例,介绍了跨平台开发工具链的建立过程。
2 基本概念
2.1 什么是交叉编译?
简单地说,交叉编译就是在一个平台上生成在另一个平台上执行的代码。这里的平台包括体系结构(Architecture)和操作系统(OS)。同一个体系结构可以运行不同的操作系统,同样,同一个操作系统也可以在不同的体系结构上运行。举例来说,x86 Linux平台是Intel x86 体系结构和Linux for x86操作系统的统称。
2.2 为什么要用交叉编译?
原因有两个。一是目标平台所需要的bootloader以及OS核心还没有建立时,需要作交叉编译。二是目标机设备不具备一定的处理器能力和存储空间,即单独在目标板上无法完成程序开发,所以只好求助宿主机。这样可以在宿主机上对即将在目标机上运行的应用程序进行编译,生成可以在目标机上运行的代码格式,然后移植到目标板上,也就是目前嵌入式程序开发的Host/Target模式。
2.3 对于i386的理解
如果单纯说i386、i686,就是指平时所说的CPU类型。从Linux内核设计上讲,i386是架构,i486/586/686这些CPU的架构都是i386,所以很多linux方面的设计都是基于i386。简单地说,i386跟ppc,alpha,arm等放在一起时就是指架构,跟i586,i686放在一起指处理器型号,一个是横向的,一个是纵向的。
3 建立过程
3.1 选定软件版本
要想选用适当的版本,以保证建立的工具链可用,就必须找到适合主机和目标板的组合。这些可以自己测试,也可以从网上寻找已经测试过的版本组合,即binutils、gcc、glibc的版本组合。我用的宿主机为redhat-9.0,目标机arm,选择的版本如下:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
binutils-2.11.2.tar.gz 包含有ld、ar、as等一些产生或者处理二进制文件的工具。
gcc-core-2.95.3.tar.gz 包含GCC的主体部分。
gcc-g++2.95.3.tar.gz 可以使GCC编译C++程序。
glibc-2.2.4.tar.gz libc是很多用户层应用都要用到的库,即C链接库。
glibc-linuxthreads-2.2.4.tar.gz libc用于支持Posix线程单独发布的压缩包。
linux-2.4.21.tar.gz+rmk1 Linux的内核及其支持ARM的补丁包。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
你可以尝试选定更新的版本,编译无法通过时,依次使用较旧的版本。即时发现新版本组合能够编译成功,仍然需要测试建立的工具链是否可以使用。
你可以从FTP网ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/或者任何其他的镜像网站下载GNU工具链的各个组件:binutils包位于binutils目录,gcc包位于gcc目录,而glibc包与glibc-linuxthreads包放在glibc目录。下面给出上面选用的各个版本的下载路径。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
binutils-2.11.2.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.11.2.tar.gz
gcc-core-2.95.3.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-2.95.3/gcc-core-2.95.3.tar.gz
gcc-g++2.95.3.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-2.95.3/gcc-g++-2.95.3.tar.gz
glibc-2.2.4.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.2.4.tar.gz
glibc-linuxthreads-2.2.4.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-linuxthreads-2.2.4.tar.gz
linux-2.4.21.tar.gz+rmk1
ftp://ftp.kernle.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.4/linux-2.4.21.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/pub/linux/arm/kernel/v2.4/patch-2.4.21-rmk1.gz
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2 建立工作目录
我的用户名为lqm,所以所有的工作都在/home/lqm下面建立完成。
************************************************************
$cd /home/lqm 进入工作目录
$pwd 查看当前目录
/home/lqm
$mkdir embedded-system 创建工具链文件夹
$ls 查看/home/lqm建立的所有文件
embedded-system
************************************************************
现在已经建立了顶层文件夹embedded-system,下面在此文件夹下建立如下几个目录:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
setup-dir 存放下载的压缩包
src-dir 存放binutils、gcc、glibc解压之后的源文件
kernel 存放内核文件,对内核的配置和编译工作也在此完成
build-dir 编译src-dir下面的源文件。这是GNU推荐的源文件目录与编译目录分离的做法。
tool-chain 交叉编译工具链的安装位置
program 存放编写程序
doc 说明文档和脚本文件
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面建立目录,并且下载源文件。
************************************************************
$pwd
/home/lqm/
$cd embedded-system
$mkdir setup-dir src-dir kernel build-dir tool-chain program doc
$ls
build-dir doc kernel program setup-dir src-dir tool-chain
$cd setup-dir
$wgetftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.11.2.tar.gz 下载源文件
$wgetftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-2.95.3/gcc-core-2.95.3.tar.gz
$wgetftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-2.95.3/gcc-g++-2.95.3.tar.gz
$wgetftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.2.4.tar.gz
$wgetftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-linuxthreads-2.2.4.tar.gz
$wgetftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.4/linux-2.4.21.tar.gz
$wgetftp://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/pub/linux/arm/kernel/v2.4/ patch-2.4.21-rmk1.gz
$ls
binutils-2.11.2.tar.gz gcc-g++-2.95.3.tar.gz glibc-linuxthreads-2.2.4.tar.gz
patch-2.4.21-rmk1.gz gcc-core-2.95.3.tar.gz glibc-2.2.4.tar.gz linux-2.4.21.tar.gz
$cd ../build-dir
$mkdir build-binutils build-gcc build-glibc 建立编译目录
************************************************************
3.3 输出环境变量
在建立与使用某些工具程序时,可能会用到这些目录的路径,如果设计一个简短的命令脚本,设定适当的环境变量,则可以简化操作过程。下面就建立命令脚本hjbl:
************************************************************
$pwd
/home/lqm/embedded-system/build-dir
$cd ../doc
$mkdir scripts
$cd scripts
$emacs hjbl 用文本编辑器emacs编译环境变量脚本
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
在随后打开的emacs编辑窗口中输入下面内容(如果在命令行界面下,则必须要用到vi文本编辑器,emacs则不可以):
export PRJROOT=/home/lqm/embedded-system
export TARGET=arm-linux
export PREFIX=$PRJROOT/tool-chain
export TARGET_PREFIX=$PREFIX/$TARGET
export PATH=$PREFIX/bin:$PATH
保存后关闭emacs窗口,如果要在目前的窗口中执行此脚本,即让环境变量生效,还需要执行下面的语句:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$. hjbl(注意:在点和hjbl之间有一个空格)
$cd $PRJROOT 验证环境变量是否生效
$ls
build-dir doc kernel program setup-dir src-dir tool-chain
************************************************************
该环境变量的作用时间仅仅在Terminal当前窗口,如果将窗口关闭,开启一个新的窗口,则环境变量实效,需要重新执行下面的命令:
$. /home/lqm/embedded-system/doc/scripts/hjbl
说明:
TARGET变量用来定义目标板的类型,以后会根据此目标板的类型来建立工具链。参看表1。目标板的定义与主机的类型是没有关系的,但是如果更改TARGET的值,GNU工具链必须重新建立一次。
PREFIX变量提供了指针,指向目标板工具程序将被安装的目录。
TARGET_PREFIX变量指向与目标板相关的头文件和链接库将被安装的目录。
PATH变量指向二进制文件(可执行文件)将被安装的目录。
表1 TARGET变量值
实际的目标板 TARGET变量值
[table=200][tr][td] PowerPC [/td][td] powerpc- linux
[/td][/tr][tr][td] ARM
[/td][td] arm-linux
[/td][/tr][tr][td] MIPS(bigendian)
[/td][td] mips-linux
[/td][/tr][tr][td] MIPS(littleendian)
[/td][td] mipsel-linux
[/td][/tr][tr][td] SuperH 4
[/td][td] sh4-linux[/td][/tr][/table]
3.4 内核头文件的配置
内核头文件的配置是建立工具链的第一步。它与后面将要执行的其他步骤有着类似性,大多需要执行下面几步操作:
1、 解压缩包
2、 为跨平台开发设定包的配置
3、 建立包
4、 安装包
************************************************************
$pwd
/home/lqm/embedded-system/
$cd kernel
$tar xvzf ../setup-dir/ linux-2.4.21.tar.gz 解压缩
$gunzip ../setup-dir/ patch-2.4.21-rmk1.gz
$cd linux-2.4.21
$patch -p1 < ../../setup-dir/patch-2.4.21-rmk1 给Linux内核打补丁
$make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- menuconfig 配置
$make dep
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
变量ARCH和CROSS_COMPILE的值与目标板的架构类型有关。如果使用PPC目标板,则ARCH=ppc CROSS_COMPILE=ppc-linux-。如果使用i386目标板,则ARCH=i386 CROSS_COMPILE=i386-linux-。
make menuconfig是以文本菜单方式配置。
make xconfig是以图形界面方式配置。
make config是纯文本方式界面配置。
一般选择make menuconfig,注意在选项System Types中选择正确的硬件类型。配置完退出并保存,检查一下的内核目录中的 kernel/linux-2.4.21/include/linux/version.h 和autoconf.h 文件是不是生成了,这是编译glibc是要用到。version.h 和 autoconf.h 文件的存在,说明你生成了正确的头文件。
然后,建立工具链需要的include目录,并将内核头文件复制过去。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$cd include
$ln -s asm-arm asm #可以查看一下,经过编译可以自动生成。如果已经生成连接,则不必写
$cd asm
$ln -s arch-epxa arch #同上说明
$ln -s proc-armv proc #同上说明
#这些是针对makefile文件作出的修改
$mkdir -p $TARGET_PREFIX/include
$cp -r $PRJROOT/kernel/linux-2.4.21/include/linux $TARGET_PREFIX/include
$cp -r $PRJROOT/kernrl/linux-2.4.21/include/asm-arm $TARGET_PREFIX/include/asm
************************************************************
注意:
1、不必再每次重新设定内核配置之后重建工具链,除非你变更了处理器或系统的类型。工具链只需要一组可供目标板使用的有效头文件即可,这些头文件在前面的程序中早就已经提供了。
2、asm-linux文件夹放到目标文件夹$TARGET_PREFIX/include/时要更改名称为asm,因为配置文件的include包含都是
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.........
done
_udivsi3
_divsi3
_umodsi3
_modsi3
_dwmd_lnx
libgcc1.s:438:asm/unistd.h:No such file or directory
make [1] *** [libgcc1-asm.a] error 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.5 binutils(二进制工具程序)的设置
binutils包中的工具常用来操作二进制目标文件。该包中最重要的两个工具就是GNU汇编器as和链接器ld。
************************************************************
$cd $PRJROOT/src-dir
$tar xvzf ../setup-dir/binutils-2.11.2.tar.gz
$cd $PRJROOT/build-dir/build-binutils
$../../src-dir/binutils-2.11.2/configure --target=$TARGET --prefix=$PREFIX
$make
$make install
$ls $PREFIX/bin 验证安装的结果是否正确
arm-linux-addr2line arm-linux-ld arm-linux-readelf
arm-linux-ar arm-linux-nm arm-linux-size
arm-linux-as arm-linux-objcopy arm-linux-strings
arm-linux-c++filt arm-linux-objdump arm-linux-strip
arm-linux-gasp arm-linux-ranlib
************************************************************
注意:每个工具的文件名的前缀都是前面为TARGET变量设定的值。如果目标板是i386-linux,那么这些工具的文件名前缀就会是i386-linux-。这样就可以根据目标板类型找到正确的工具程序。
3.6 初始编译器的建立
开始只能建立支持C语言的引导编译器,因为缺少C链接库(glibc)的支持。等到glibc编译好之后,可以重新编译gcc并提供完整的C++支持。
************************************************************
$cd $PRJROOT/setup-dir
$mv gcc-core-2.95.3.tar.gz gcc-2.95.3.tar.gz #重命名
$cd $PRJROOT/src-dir
$tar xvzf ../setup-dir/gcc-2.95.3.tar.gz
$cd $PRJROOT/build-dir/build-gcc
$../../src-dir/gcc-2.95.3/configure --target=$TARGET --prefix=$PREFIX --without-headers
--enable-languages=c
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
因为是交叉编译器,还不需要目标板的系统头文件,所以需要使用 --without-headers这个选项。--enable-language=c用来告诉配置脚本,需要产生的编译器支持何种语言,现在只能支持C语言。--disable-threads是因为threads需要glibc的支持。
准备好了Makefile文件,进行编译之前,需要修改src-dir/gcc-2.95.3/gcc/config/arm/t-linux文件,在TARGET_LIBGCC2_CFLAGS中添加两个定义:-Dinhibit_libc -D__gthr_posix_h,否则会报错。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$make
$make install
************************************************************
3.7 建立C库(glibc)
这一步是最为繁琐的过程。目标板必须靠它来执行或者是开发大部分的应用程序。glibc套件常被称为C链接库,但是glibc实际产生很多链接库,其中之一是C链接库libc。因为嵌入式系统的限制,标准GNU C链接库显得太大,不适合应用在目标板上。所以需要寻找C链接库的替代品,比如uClibc。在这里,现以标准GNU C为例建立工具链。
************************************************************
$cd $PRJROOT/src-dir
$tar xvzf ../setup-dir/glibc-2.2.4.tar.gz
$tar xvzf ../setup-dir/glibc-linuxthreads-2.2.4.tar.gz --directory=glibc-2.2.4
$cd $PRJROOT/build-dir/build-glibc
$CC=arm-linux-gcc ../../src-dir/glibc-2.2.4/configure --host=$TARGET --prefix=”/usr”
--enable-add-ons --with-headers=$TARGET_PREFIX/include
$make
$make install_root=$TARGET_PREFIX prefix=”” install
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
在这里设定了install_root变量,指向链接库组件目前所要安装的目录。这样可以让链接库及其头文件安装到通过TARGET_PREFIX指定的与目标板有关的目录,而不是建立系统本身的/usr目录。因为之前使用--prefix选项来设定prefix变量的值,而且prefix的值会被附加到install_root的值之后,成为链接库组件的安装目录,所以需要重新设定prefix的值。这样所有的glibc组件将会安装到$TARGET_PREFIX指定的目录下。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$cd $TARGET_PREFIX/lib
$cp ./libc.so ./libc.so.orig
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
编辑文件libc.so,更改如下:
/* GNU ld script
Use the shared library,but some functions are only in
the static library,so try that secondarily.*/
GROUP(libc.so.6 libc_nonshared.a)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
************************************************************
3.8 完整编译器的设置
现在可以为目标板安装支持C和C++的完整编译器了。这个步骤相对于前面来建立过程要简单一些。
************************************************************
$cd $PRJROOT/build-dir/build-gcc
$../../src-dir/gcc-2.95.3/configure --target=$TARGET --prefix=$PREFIX
--enable-languages=c,c++
$make all
$make install
************************************************************
3.9 完成工具链的设置
************************************************************
$cd $TARGET_PREFIX/bin
$file as ar gcc ld nm ranlib strip 查看文件是否为二进制文件
$arm-linux-gcc -print-search-dirs 查看缺省的搜寻路径
$mv as ar gcc ld nm ranlib strip $PREFIX/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3 转移文件
$for file in as ar gcc ld nm ranlib strip
>do
>ln -s $PREFIX/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3/$file
>done
************************************************************
3.10 使用工具链
下面编写一个简单的C程序,使用建立的工具链。、
************************************************************
$cd $PRJROOT/program
$emacs hello.c
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
在文本编辑器emacs中编写:
#include
int main()
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<9;i++)
printf(“Hello World %d times!\n”,i);
}
保存退出
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$gcc -g hello.c -o hello
$gdb
(gdb)file hello
(gdb)l
#include
int main()
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<9;i++)
printf(“Hello World %d times!\n”,i);
}
(gdb)r
(gdb)q
$arm-linux-gcc -g hello.c -o hello-linux
$file hello-linux
hello-linux:ELF 32-bit LSB executable,ARM,version 1(ARM),for GNU/Linux 2.0.0,dynamically linked(uses shared libs),not stripped
************************************************************
上面的输出说明你编译了一个能在 arm 体系结构下运行的 hello-linux,证明你的编译工具做成功了。
4 总结
通过上面的操作,已经能够建立全功能的跨平台开发工具链,在以后的嵌入式开发中将会经常用到。
说明:-----之间为说明文字
***之间为源程序
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 17:02:41发表:
free keno games http://www.freewebs.com/casino-82/keno-1.html online keno casino roulette http://www.freewebs.com/casino-78/roulette-5.html casino roulette free slots machine game slots game http://www.freewebs.com/casino-53/slots-5.html payday loan debt payday loan debt http://www.ipaquebec.ca/_disc/00000b43.htm internet roulette online roulette http://www.freewebs.com/casino-89/roulette-7.html
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 15:34:00发表:
blackjack game free blackjack http://www.freewebs.com/casino-89/blackjack-5.html fast payday loan http://www.painareas.com/_disc1/0000011c.htm fast payday loan instant payday loan instant payday loan http://dw3031.k12.sd.us/semesterproject/ComputerCorner/00000020.htm casino baccarat http://www.freewebs.com/casino-45/baccarat-2.html baccarat online cash advance paydayloans cash advance paydayloans http://www.drgho.com/m607hm65/_disc607/00000150.htm
162.66.255.* 于 2007-06-22 15:32:47发表:
jack black blackjack gambling http://www.freewebs.com/casino-44/blackjack-2.html play keno online play keno online http://www.freewebs.com/casino-68/keno-5.html craps rules craps rules http://www.freewebs.com/casino-45/craps-7.html http://www.strawberrydelights.com/_disc2/000003e2.htm payday loan debt payday loan debt ez payday loan ez payday loan http://www.animalcarectrs.com/_disc1/00000e20.htm
203.227.46.* 于 2007-06-22 15:32:38发表:
online craps free online craps http://www.freewebs.com/casino-66/craps-1.html http://diaperswing.com/post/_dc1/0000006f.htm ameriloan payday loan ameriloan payday loan http://www.bhmvending.com/BVC_Forum/_forum/0000020d.htm payday loan company payday loan company savings account payday loan savings account payday loan http://statewide.vir.org/k12discuss/_disc1/0000534f.htm seven card stud seven card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-89/card-stud-3.html
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 15:31:49发表:
online craps free online craps http://www.freewebs.com/casino-66/craps-1.html http://diaperswing.com/post/_dc1/0000006f.htm ameriloan payday loan ameriloan payday loan http://www.bhmvending.com/BVC_Forum/_forum/0000020d.htm payday loan company payday loan company savings account payday loan savings account payday loan http://statewide.vir.org/k12discuss/_disc1/0000534f.htm seven card stud seven card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-89/card-stud-3.html
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 15:27:21发表:
http://www.freewebs.com/casino-44/keno-4.html free online keno free online keno http://www.cmpatristate.com/myweb/discussions/00001469.htm payday cash advance payday cash advance seven card stud seven card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-53/card-stud-1.html payday loan canada payday loan canada http://www.magyarorokseghete.hu/vita/_disc1/00000019.htm payday cash loan payday cash loan http://www.connselmerstrike.com/_HArticles/00000042.htm
77.70.106.* 于 2007-06-22 14:27:03发表:
http://www.freewebs.com/casino-53/casino-3.html internet casino casino gambling http://www.hurricanerunners.net/_disc1/00000098.htm cash until payday loan cash until payday loan 7 card stud 7 card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-24/card-stud-1.html instant faxless payday loan instant faxless payday loan http://www.chelonian.com/_disc1/000004b9.htm savings account payday loan http://www.kityanpoetry.com/community/_disc7/00001121.htm savings account payday loan
68.8.37.* 于 2007-06-22 13:40:48发表:
http://www.rajmaai.com/_rajmaai/0000088d.htm payday loan online payday loan online free blackjack blackjack odds http://www.freewebs.com/casino-78/blackjack-1.html instant faxless payday loan http://www.grevemidtby.dk/Diskussion/000000c2.htm instant faxless payday loan payday loan on line http://www.edaytradertax.com/_disc1/00000f29.htm payday loan on line sonic payday loan sonic payday loan http://www.luxury-cruises-forum.com/_LuxuryCruises/0000061b.htm
59.92.110.* 于 2007-06-22 13:40:39发表:
http://www.freewebs.com/casino-13/casino-4.html casino poker online casino game online roulette gambling online casino roulette http://www.freewebs.com/casino-24/roulette-6.html bad credit payday loan bad credit payday loan http://www.virginiaweldon.com/_disc2/0000007c.htm baccarat online http://www.freewebs.com/casino-31/baccarat-6.html baccarat game http://cicerocitizen.org/blogfolder/00004037.htm military payday loan military payday loan
69.62.252.* 于 2007-06-22 13:37:35发表:
free baccarat free online baccarat http://www.freewebs.com/casino-53/baccarat-7.html slots game http://www.freewebs.com/casino-97/slots-5.html video slots instant faxless payday loan instant faxless payday loan http://www.gottagetgear.com/_disc1/00000126.htm http://www.diagnosishealth.com/discussion2/_disc78/00000066.htm payday loan debt payday loan debt no fax payday loan http://www.kafd.dk/_disc3/00001169.htm no fax payday loan
71.56.221.* 于 2007-06-22 13:35:26发表:
http://home.satx.rr.com/usedbooksiwhs/BooksForSale/0000004c.htm military payday loan military payday loan payday loan payday loan http://www.boatdrinx.com/discussion/astrid/Astriddisc/000004b1.htm play roulette online roulette table http://www.freewebs.com/casino-24/roulette-1.html free casino game free casino game http://www.freewebs.com/casino-66/casino-3.html roulette game play roulette online http://www.freewebs.com/casino-89/roulette-2.html
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 13:22:48发表:
http://www.business-bytes.com/forum/_disc2/00002638.htm payday loan company payday loan company ameriloan payday loan ameriloan payday loan http://www.tourdepub.com/_smack/00001212.htm http://www.freewebs.com/casino-24/keno-6.html online keno video keno payday loan online payday loan online http://www.otegolittleleague.org/discussion/_disc1/00000db7.htm payday cash loan payday cash loan http://www.banffcentre.ca/bnmi/bridges/forum02/_forum/00000215.htm
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 13:17:56发表:
instant payday loan instant payday loan http://www.ebody-building.com/_disc3/00001c27.htm ez payday loan ez payday loan http://www.hortari.com/disc1/000001f9.htm blogspot.com fax loan no payday site blogspot.com fax loan no payday site http://www.ideeimpegno.it/_disc1/000005c8.htm seven card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-24/card-stud-4.html seven card stud play roulette roulette table http://www.freewebs.com/casino-68/roulette-1.html
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 13:15:06发表:
money tree payday loan money tree payday loan http://www.winsomewitness.com/_cusudi/000000c6.htm seven card stud seven card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-87/card-stud-5.html http://cpb5332.k12.sd.us/_disc1/00000030.htm quick payday loan quick payday loan http://www.packroute.com/forum/_disc6/000008ed.htm savings account payday loan savings account payday loan free blackjack game free blackjack game http://www.freewebs.com/casino-68/blackjack-4.html
76.177.206.* 于 2007-06-22 13:05:30发表:
payday cash advance payday cash advance http://www.sacrocuorestatte.it/visitatori/_disc1/00000b92.htm payday loan personal payday loan personal http://www.domanisocialista.it/mioweb15/_disc19/000009fa.htm http://ss3054.k12.sd.us/_disc1/0000003e.htm payday cash loan payday cash loan same day payday loan http://www.cahunger.com/_disc1/000007dc.htm same day payday loan free keno http://www.freewebs.com/casino-13/keno-6.html free keno games
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 13:04:39发表:
fast payday loan fast payday loan http://www.stoneriverband.net/discussion-articles/000041e0.htm jack black java blackjack http://www.freewebs.com/casino-53/blackjack-6.html casino roulette http://www.freewebs.com/casino-78/roulette-3.html play free roulette quik payday loan quik payday loan http://www.hackwith.com/blog/_disc1/000026ea.htm money tree payday loan http://www.dewoude.net/_disc3/00002b23.htm money tree payday loan
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 12:47:33发表:
craps online http://www.freewebs.com/casino-66/craps-6.html how to play craps blogspot.com fax loan no payday site blogspot.com fax loan no payday site http://www.115eastbackbay.com/_dailyNews/000000e3.htm free slots free slots game http://www.freewebs.com/casino-89/slots-6.html seven card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-53/card-stud-3.html 7 card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-89/blackjack-6.html play blackjack online free blackjack
72.232.63.* 于 2007-06-22 12:29:31发表:
Well done!
free slot games no download | free poker software | computer poker | casino on net | free no deposit casinos | gambling online | free money casino | free online blackjack | free online slot games | free online slots no downloads
72.232.63.* 于 2007-06-22 12:28:36发表:
Good design!
free casino games | slots download | free monopoly online | keno online | free slot machines | free roulette | download blackjack | black jack online | no deposit bingo | free slot machine play
72.232.63.* 于 2007-06-22 12:28:03发表:
Nice site!
slots for fun | online poker sites | texas holdem poker | no limit texas hold em | free games on line | holdem poker | poker downloads | poker stars download | online roulette game | games online
72.232.63.* 于 2007-06-22 12:27:49发表:
Thank you!
texas hold em free | casino free | online roulette | games download | texas holdem free online | online roulette free | free online bingo games | online blackjack | new free money online casinos | party poker download
72.232.63.* 于 2007-06-22 12:27:29发表:
Well done!
new no deposit casino | free sims slots | slot machines | free poker games | free download poker | free roulette games | free blackjack | free black jack | slot games | free poker money
202.131.208.* 于 2007-06-22 12:19:04发表:
loan til payday http://timeforaction.org/_disc2/00000eda.htm loan til payday free online blackjack game http://www.freewebs.com/casino-24/blackjack-7.html online casino blackjack play baccarat casino baccarat http://www.freewebs.com/casino-68/baccarat-2.html ameriloan payday loan ameriloan payday loan http://virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us/jcurl/jcurl/_disc1/00000c7c.htm http://www.11avenue.com/forum/_disc12/0000029d.htm no faxing payday loan no faxing payday loan
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 11:56:31发表:
roulette online http://www.freewebs.com/casino-66/roulette-6.html online roulette game free online slots casino slots http://www.freewebs.com/casino-66/slots-3.html free keno games http://www.freewebs.com/casino-45/keno-1.html keno casino quik payday loan quik payday loan http://paceware.net/_disc1/00002fb0.htm blogspot.com fax loan no payday site blogspot.com fax loan no payday site http://www.mooseheadband.com/_disc3/000000ef.htm
76.27.39.* 于 2007-06-22 11:25:37发表:
sim slots http://www.freewebs.com/casino-66/slots-4.html slots game money tree payday loan money tree payday loan http://www.blenusmodels.com/_disc1/000004df.htm online keno free keno games http://www.freewebs.com/casino-53/keno-1.html free blackjack game http://www.freewebs.com/casino-24/blackjack-5.html blackjack gambling http://www.hc.idv.tw/talkweb/_disc1/0000000a.htm payday advance loan payday advance loan
125.120.139.* 于 2007-06-22 10:49:31发表:
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 08:00:18发表:
payday loan canada http://www.tempoklubben.com/Diskusjon/disc13/000003ce.htm payday loan canada same day payday loan http://thetrainingclinic.com/_disc1/000008d3.htm same day payday loan payday loan debt payday loan debt http://www.familyminds.biz/_disc1/00000069.htm http://www.ucasal.net/diplomatura/primera_edicion/10_construccion_detesina/_disc16/00000d2a.htm no teletrack payday loan no teletrack payday loan http://www.cours.polymtl.ca/tic/_disc1/00000034.htm same day payday loan same day payday loan
134.60.15.* 于 2007-06-22 07:57:05发表:
fast cash payday loan fast cash payday loan http://www.chelonian.com/_disc1/000004bb.htm fax payday loan fax payday loan http://www.viennarose.com/_disc1/0000585c.htm http://www.freewebs.com/casino-89/slots-2.html slots online slots game seven card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-97/card-stud-2.html 7 card stud http://www.leshartman.com/Band/Forum2/_disc8/000005d9.htm cash advance paydayloans cash advance paydayloans
68.190.127.* 于 2007-06-22 07:56:43发表:
fast cash payday loan fast cash payday loan http://www.chelonian.com/_disc1/000004bb.htm fax payday loan fax payday loan http://www.viennarose.com/_disc1/0000585c.htm http://www.freewebs.com/casino-89/slots-2.html slots online slots game seven card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-97/card-stud-2.html 7 card stud http://www.leshartman.com/Band/Forum2/_disc8/000005d9.htm cash advance paydayloans cash advance paydayloans
24.98.193.* 于 2007-06-22 07:41:14发表:
video keno play keno online http://www.freewebs.com/casino-53/keno-6.html faxless payday loan faxless payday loan http://www.gerritdirkmaat.com/_disc4/000000ef.htm loan till payday http://www.execsolutions.com/_disc4/000021e8.htm loan till payday baccarat online http://www.freewebs.com/casino-13/baccarat-3.html play baccarat keno casino video keno http://www.freewebs.com/casino-78/keno-5.html
70.178.86.* 于 2007-06-22 06:43:46发表:
online payday loan online payday loan http://www.cancurecancer.org/_disc1/000029bb.htm http://mchome.lincoln.ac.uk/subsite/Week4A/000000ba.htm payday loan 1000 payday loan 1000 roulette tip online roulette game http://www.freewebs.com/casino-97/roulette-6.html cash advance payday loan cash advance payday loan http://www.stoneriverband.net/discussion-articles/000041de.htm 7 card stud 7 card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-44/card-stud-6.html
201.17.114.* 于 2007-06-22 06:42:53发表:
baccarat online online baccarat http://www.freewebs.com/casino-44/baccarat-3.html http://mj3024.k12.sd.us/_disc1/00000042.htm payday loan canada payday loan canada online slots http://www.freewebs.com/casino-53/slots-7.html slots machine game blogspot.com loan payday site blogspot.com loan payday site http://www.aterhamtning.se/_disc9/00006f4c.htm http://www.freewebs.com/casino-31/baccarat-1.html free online baccarat free baccarat
0.0.0.* 于 2007-06-22 05:16:03发表:
free baccarat baccarat online http://www.freewebs.com/casino-87/baccarat-4.html http://www.tempoklubben.com/Diskusjon/disc13/000003cd.htm payday loan online payday loan online payday advance loan payday advance loan http://stone.co.za/_rossouw/00000074.htm low fee payday loan low fee payday loan http://www.superslamcountdown.com/_Hunting_Alaska/0000004a.htm online casino slots online slots machine http://www.freewebs.com/casino-87/slots-4.html
77.70.106.* 于 2007-06-22 04:48:39发表:
cheap payday loan cheap payday loan http://www.goodfelloweb.com/cottage/_disc1/00000c36.htm payday loan company payday loan company http://capitalcallcenter.com/_disc1/00000118.htm http://www.freewebs.com/casino-97/slots-2.html free slots machine game free online slots payday loan debt payday loan debt http://www.vereinsring-liederbach.de/_disc1/0000000f.htm fax payday loan fax payday loan http://home.cfl.rr.com/jbesaw/_disc1/00000058.htm
200.78.117.* 于 2007-06-22 04:21:33发表:
http://www.freewebs.com/casino-24/casino-4.html casino gambling casino on net http://www.identityunit.com/_disc1/00000057.htm instant payday loan instant payday loan savings account payday loan http://www.sandycreekconservancy.com/SCIForum/000000a4.htm savings account payday loan http://www.freewebs.com/casino-76/blackjack-7.html play free blackjack blackjack gambling casino blackjack play blackjack online free http://www.freewebs.com/casino-31/blackjack-2.html
76.29.81.* 于 2007-06-22 03:58:25发表:
roulette tip internet roulette http://www.freewebs.com/casino-45/roulette-6.html seven card stud 7 card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-97/card-stud-5.html 7 card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-68/card-stud-4.html seven card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-68/blackjack-2.html java blackjack online blackjack game blogspot.com loan payday site blogspot.com loan payday site http://www.bhmvending.com/BVC_Forum/_forum/0000020b.htm
75.132.6.* 于 2007-06-22 03:40:10发表:
quik payday loan http://www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj/journo/_journo/00002d74.htm quik payday loan http://www.freewebs.com/casino-76/craps-1.html gambling craps casino craps quick payday loan http://www.sticknrudder.net/myweb5/TW/00000796.htm quick payday loan seven card stud seven card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-44/card-stud-1.html no fax payday loan no fax payday loan http://www.complaign.com/_disc2/00000ed8.htm
69.141.23.* 于 2007-06-22 03:32:17发表:
http://www.freewebs.com/casino-87/roulette-7.html roulette table free online roulette fast payday loan http://www.phimuepsilon.com/forum/_disc2/000039ec.htm fast payday loan play free slots play free slots http://www.freewebs.com/casino-76/slots-1.html keno casino http://www.freewebs.com/casino-97/keno-1.html video keno free craps game http://www.freewebs.com/casino-45/craps-2.html craps game
71.56.221.* 于 2007-06-22 02:50:28发表:
cash advance payday loan cash advance payday loan http://www.johnburrowsproject.com/_kbas/0000004a.htm http://www.winsomewitness.com/_cusudi/000000c5.htm payday loan online payday loan online low fee payday loan low fee payday loan http://www.tourdepub.com/_smack/00001210.htm http://www.arteyforma.com/_disc1/00000037.htm fast payday loan fast payday loan sonic payday loan sonic payday loan http://www.thebluesband.com/webforum/_disc23/00003b6e.htm
221.12.56.* 于 2007-06-21 19:51:44发表:
http://www.freewebs.com/casino-53/blackjack-3.html blackjack game casino blackjack craps rules free online craps http://www.freewebs.com/casino-68/craps-4.html seven card stud http://www.freewebs.com/casino-53/card-stud-6.html 7 card stud cash til payday loan http://www.baatliv.no/_disc1/00002190.htm cash til payday loan online craps http://www.freewebs.com/casino-24/craps-1.html play craps