ÔÚǶÈëʽϵͳÖУ¬BootLoader ÊÇÓÃÀ´³õʼ»¯Ó²¼þ£¬¼ÓÔØÄںˣ¬´«µÝ²ÎÊý¡£ÒòΪǶÈëʽϵͳµÄÓ²¼þ»·¾³¸÷²»Ïàͬ£¬ËùÒÔǶÈëʽϵͳµÄBootLoader Ò²¸÷²»Ïàͬ£¬ÆäÖбȽÏͨÓõÄÊÇU-Boot£¬ËüÖ§³Ö²»Í¬µÄÌåϵ½á¹¹£¬ÈçARM£¬PowerPC£¬X86£¬MIPS µÈ¡£±¾ÎÄ×ÅÖؽéBootLoaderÓëÄÚºËÖ®¼ä²ÎÊý´«µÝÕâÒ»»ù±¾¹¦ÄÜ¡£±¾ÎĵÄÓ²¼þƽ̨ÊÇ»ùÓÚAT91RM9200 ´¦ÀíÆ÷ϵͳ£¬Èí¼þƽ̨ÊÇLinux-2.6.19.2 Äںˡ£ÄÚºËÓ³ÏñÎļþΪzImage¡£
1. ϵͳӲ¼þƽ̨¼ò½é
AT91RM9200 ´¦ÀíÆ÷£¬ËüÊÇÓÉAtmel ¹«Ë¾»ùÓÚARM920T Äں˵Ä΢´¦ÀíÆ÷£¬´øÓÐÄÚ´æ¹ÜÀíµ¥Ôª£¬CPU ʱÖÓ×î¸ß¿É´ï240MHz,Ëü¾ßÓзḻµÄ±ê×¼½Ó¿Ú£¬EBI ½Ó¿Ú£¬ÄÚ²¿¼¯³ÉÁ˾²Ì¬´æ´¢¿ØÖÆÆ÷£¨SMC£©£¬SDRAM ¿ØÖÆÆ÷£¬Burst Flash ¿ØÖÆÆ÷¡£Óйش¦ÀíÆ÷µÄ˵Ã÷Çë²Î¿¼AT91RM9200 µÄÊý¾ÝÊֲᡣ±¾ÏµÍ³SDRAM£¨64MB£©µØַΪ£º0x20000000, NorFlash£¨8MB£©µÄµØַΪ£º0x10000000[1]¡£
2. BootLoader Éè¼ÆºÍʵÏÖ
ÄÚºËÔ´´úÂëĿ¼Ê÷ϵÄdocumentation/arm/booting[2]Îĵµ¹æ¶¨ÁË»ùÓÚARM Ìåϵ½á¹¹BootLoader µÄ»ù±¾¹¦ÄÜ¡£±¾ÏµÍ³BootLoader ³ýÁËÍê³ÉÕâЩ»ù±¾µÄ¹¦ÄÜÍ⣬»¹½áºÏ×ÔÉíÓ²¼þµÄÌصã¼ÓÈëÁË´úÂë°áÔ˵ȹ¦ÄÜ¡£
BootLoader µÄÁ÷³ÌÊÇ£ºÏµÍ³Éϵ縴λºó£¬Ê×ÏÈ´ÓNorFlash ¿ªÊ¼ÔËÐУ¨ÓÉ´¦ÀíÆ÷BMS Òý½ÅÁ¬½Ó¾ö¶¨£©£¬ÒòΪ´¦ÀíÆ÷´ËʱµÄ0 µØÖ·¾ÍÊÇNorFlash µÄÊ×µØÖ·(0x10000000)£¬BootLoader¾ÍÊDZ»ÉÕдÔÚÕâ¸öλÖã¬AT91RM9200 ´¦ÀíÆ÷Äܹ»Ó³ÉäµÄµØÖ··¶Î§Ö»ÓÐ0x0000
0000--0x001f ffff¡£ BootLoader Ö´ÐеĵÚÒ»²½¾ÍÊǽ«×ÔÉí´úÂë´ÓNorFlash ÖаáÔ˵½´¦ÀíÆ÷ÄÚ²¿µÄRAM ÖУ¨0x00200000£©£¬È»ºó½«0 µØÖ·Ó³Éäµ½ÄÚ²¿RAM,²¢ÇÒÌøתµ½ÄÚ²¿RAM µÄÏàÓ¦µØÖ·´¦¼ÌÐøÖ´ÐС£½øÈëÄÚ²¿RAM ºó²Å½øÈëÕæÕýµÄÓ²¼þ³õʼ»¯½×¶Î£¬Õâ¸ö½×¶Î³õʼ»¯µÄ¸÷ÖÖ¿ØÖÆÆ÷¶¼ÊÇÄÚºËËù±ØÐëµÄ£¬°üÀ¨£ºPMC, EBI, SMC, SDRAM, USART µÈ¡£½ÓמÍÊÇ´´½¨Äں˲ÎÊýÁ´±í(Tagged list)£¬´´½¨ÍêÁ´±í¾ÍÊÇ°áÔËÊÂÏÈÉÕдÔÚNorFlash ÖеÄÄÚºËÓ³ÏñºÍ¸ùÎļþϵͳӳÏñµ½SDRAM£¬¸ù¾ÝÄں˶ÔBootLoader µÄ»ù±¾ÒªÇó¹Ø±ÕÖжϣ¬MMU ºÍÊý¾ÝCache£¬²¢ÇÒÅäÖÃr0=0, r1=0x0000 00fb »òÕß0x00000106(¸ù¾ÝÄÚºËÖÐlinux/arch/arm/tools/mach-types[2]
¹æ¶¨µÄ»úÆ÷±àºÅ)£¬r2=0x20000100£¨BootLoader ´«µÝ¸øÄں˲ÎÊýÁ´±íµÄÎïÀíµØÖ·£©£¬ÔÚARMÌåϵ½á¹¹ÖУ¬Õâ¸öµØÖ·ÔÚͬһÖÖ´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄ»úÆ÷ÃèÊö·û£¨machine_desc£©Öж¼ÊÇĬÈϵģ¬ËùÒÔÔÚÕâÀï¿ÉÒÔ²»Ö¸¶¨¡£×îºóBootLoader Ö±½ÓÌøתµ½SDRAM µÄÄں˴¦Ö´ÐС£
3. Äں˲ÎÊýÁ´±í
BootLoader ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨´«µÝ²ÎÊý¸øÄںˣ¬ Ò»ÖÖÊǾɵIJÎÊý½á¹¹·½Ê½£¨parameter_struct)£¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇ2.6 ֮ǰµÄÄÚºËʹÓõķ½Ê½¡£ÁíÍâÒ»ÖÖ¾ÍÊÇÏÖÔÚµÄ2.6 ÄÚºËÔÚÓõIJÎÊýÁ´±í (tagged list) ·½Ê½¡£ÕâЩ²ÎÊýÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨£¬ÏµÍ³µÄ¸ùÉ豸±êÖ¾£¬Ò³Ãæ´óС£¬ÄÚ´æµÄÆðʼµØÖ·ºÍ´óС£¬RAMDISK µÄÆðʼµØÖ·ºÍ´óС£¬Ñ¹ËõµÄRAMDISK ¸ùÎļþϵͳµÄÆðʼµØÖ·ºÍ´óС£¬ÄÚºËÃüÁî²ÎÊýµÈ[3][4][5]¡£
Äں˲ÎÊýÁ´±íµÄ¸ñʽºÍ˵Ã÷¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÄÚºËÔ´´úÂëĿ¼Ê÷ÖÐµÄ include/asm-arm/setup.h[2]ÖÐÕÒµ½£¬²ÎÊýÁ´±í±ØÐëÒÔATAG_CORE ¿ªÊ¼£¬ÒÔATAG_NONE ½áÊø¡£ÕâÀïµÄATAG_CORE£¬ATAG_NONE ÊǸ÷¸ö²ÎÊýµÄ±ê¼Ç£¬±¾ÉíÊÇÒ»¸ö32 λֵ£¬ÀýÈ磺ATAG_CORE=0x54410001¡£
ÆäËüµÄ²ÎÊý±ê¼Ç»¹°üÀ¨£º ATAG_MEM32 £¬ ATAG_INITRD £¬ ATAG_RAMDISK £¬ATAG_COMDLINE µÈ¡£Ã¿¸ö²ÎÊý±ê¼Ç¾Í´ú±íÒ»¸ö²ÎÊý½á¹¹Ì壬Óɸ÷¸ö²ÎÊý½á¹¹Ìå¹¹³ÉÁ˲ÎÊýÁ´±í¡£²ÎÊý½á¹¹ÌåµÄ¶¨ÒåÈçÏ£º
struct tag
{
struct tag_header hdr;
union {
struct tag_core core;
struct tag_mem32 mem;
struct tag_videotext videotext;
struct tag_ramdisk ramdisk;
struct tag_initrd initrd;
struct tag_serialnr serialnr;
struct tag_revision revision;
struct tag_videolfb videolfb;
struct tag_cmdline cmdline;
struct tag_acorn acorn;
struct tag_memclk memclk;
} u;
};
²ÎÊý½á¹¹Ìå°üÀ¨Á½¸ö²¿·Ö£¬Ò»¸öÊÇ tag_header ½á¹¹Ìå,Ò»¸öÊÇu ÁªºÏÌå¡£
tag_header ½á¹¹ÌåµÄ¶¨ÒåÈçÏ£º
struct tag_header
{
u32 size;
u32 tag;
};
ÆäÖÐ size£º±íʾÕû¸ötag ½á¹¹ÌåµÄ´óС(ÓÃ×ֵĸöÊýÀ´±íʾ£¬¶ø²»ÊÇ×ֽڵĸöÊý)£¬µÈÓÚtag_header µÄ´óС¼ÓÉÏu ÁªºÏÌåµÄ´óС£¬ÀýÈ磬²ÎÊý½á¹¹ÌåATAG_CORE µÄ
size=(sizeof(tag->tag_header)+sizeof(tag->u.core))>>2£¬Ò»°ãͨ¹ýº¯Êýtag_size(struct * tag_xxx)À´»ñµÃÿ¸ö²ÎÊý½á¹¹ÌåµÄsize¡£ÆäÖÐtag£º±íʾÕû¸ötag ½á¹¹ÌåµÄ±ê¼Ç£¬È磺ATAG_COREµÈ¡£
ÁªºÏÌåu °üÀ¨ÁËËùÓпÉÑ¡ÔñµÄÄں˲ÎÊýÀàÐÍ£¬°üÀ¨£ºtag_core, tag_mem32£¬tag_ramdiskµÈ¡£²ÎÊý½á¹¹ÌåÖ®¼äµÄ±éÀúÊÇͨ¹ýº¯Êýtag_next(struct * tag)À´ÊµÏֵġ£±¾ÏµÍ³²ÎÊýÁ´±í°üÀ¨µÄ½á¹¹ÌåÓУº ATAG_CORE £¬ ATAG_MEM£¬ ATAG_RAMDISK£¬ ATAG_INITRD32 £¬ATAG_CMDLINE£¬ATAG_END¡£ÔÚÕû¸ö²ÎÊýÁ´±íÖгýÁ˲ÎÊý½á¹¹ÌåATAG_CORE ºÍATAG_END µÄλÖù̶¨ÒÔÍ⣬ÆäËû²ÎÊý½á¹¹ÌåµÄ˳ÐòÊÇÈÎÒâµÄ¡£±¾BootLoader Ëù´«µÝµÄ²ÎÊýÁ´±íÈçÏ£ºµÚÒ»¸öÄں˲ÎÊý½á¹¹Ì壬±ê¼ÇΪATAG_CORE£¬²ÎÊýÀàÐÍΪtag_core¡£Ã¿¸ö²ÎÊýÀàÐ͵Ķ¨ÒåÇë²Î¿¼Ô´´úÂëÎļþ¡£
tag_array ³õʼ»¯ÎªÖ¸Ïò²ÎÊýÁ´±íµÄµÚÒ»¸ö½á¹¹ÌåµÄÖ¸Õë¡£
tag_array->hdr.tag=ATAG_CORE;
tag_array->hdr.size=tag_size(tag_core);
tag_array->u.core.flags=1;
tag_array->u.core.pagesize=4096;
tag_array->u.core.rootdev=0x00100000;
tag_array=tag_next(tag_array);
tag_array->hdr.tag=ATAG_MEM;
tag_array->hdr.size=tag_size(tag_mem32);
tag_array->u.mem.size=0x04000000;
tag_array->u.mem.start=0x20000000;
tag_array=tag_next(tag_array);
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tag_array->hdr.tag=ATAG_NONE;
tag_array->hdr.size=0;
tag_array=tag_next(tag_array);
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4. Äں˽ÓÊÕ²ÎÊý
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ÔÚÎļþ arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.S[2]ÖÐ start ΪzImage µÄÆðʼµã£¬²¿·Ö´úÂëÈçÏ£º
start:
mov r7, r1
mov r8, r2
¡...
mov r0, r4
mov r3, r7
bl decompress_kernel
b call_kernel
call_kernel£º
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mov r0, #0
mov r1, r7
mov r2, r8
mov pc, r4
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ÔÚÎļþ arch/arm/kernel/head.S[2]ÖУ¬Äںˣ¨vmlinux£©Èë¿ÚµÄ²¿·Ö´úÂëÈçÏ£º
stext£º
mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0
bl __lookup_processor_type
¡¡¡
bl __lookup_machine_type
Ê×ÏÈ´Ó´¦ÀíÆ÷ÄÚ²¿ÌØÊâ¼Ä´æÆ÷£¨CP15£©ÖлñµÃARM Äں˵ÄÀàÐÍ£¬´Ó´¦ÀíÆ÷ÄÚºËÃèÊö·û£¨proc_info_list£©±í£¨__proc_info_begin--__proc_info_end£©ÖвéѯÓÐÎÞ´ËARM Äں˵ÄÀàÐÍ£¬Èç¹ûÎ޾ͳö´íÍ˳ö¡£´¦ÀíÆ÷ÄÚºËÃèÊö·û¶¨ÒåÔÚ include/asm-arm/procinfo.h[2]ÖУ¬¾ßÌåµÄº¯ÊýʵÏÖÔÚ arch/arm/mm/proc-xxx.S[2]ÖУ¬ÔÚ±àÒëÁ¬½Ó¹ý³ÌÖн«¸÷ÖÖ´¦ÀíÆ÷ÄÚºËÃèÊö·û×éºÏ³É±í¡£½Ó×Å´Ó»úÆ÷ÃèÊö·û£¨machine_desc£©±í£¨__mach_info_begin--__mach_info_end£©ÖвéѯÓÐÎÞr1 ¼Ä´æÆ÷Ö¸¶¨µÄ»úÆ÷±àºÅ£¬Èç¹ûûÓоͳö´íÍ˳ö¡£»úÆ÷±àºÅmach_type_xxx ÔÚarch/arm/tools/mach-types[2]ÎļþÖÐ˵Ã÷£¬Ã¿¸ö»úÆ÷ÃèÊö·ûÖаüÀ¨Ò»¸öΨһµÄ»úÆ÷±àºÅ£¬»úÆ÷ÃèÊö·ûµÄ¶¨ÒåÔÚ include/asm-arm/mach/arch.h[2]ÖУ¬¾ßÌåʵÏÖÔÚ arch/arm/mach-xxxx[2]Îļþ¼ÐÖУ¬ÔÚ±àÒëÁ¬½Ó¹ý³ÌÖн«»ùÓÚͬһÖÖ´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄ²»Í¬»úÆ÷ÃèÊö·û×éºÏ³É±í¡£ÀýÈ磬»ùÓÚAT91RM9200 ´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄ¸÷ÖÖ»úÆ÷ÃèÊö·û¿ÉÒԲο¼ arch/arm/mach-at91rm9200/board-xxx.c[2]£¬»úÆ÷±àºÅΪ262 µÄ»úÆ÷ÃèÊö·ûÈçÏÂËùʾ£º
MACHINE_START(AT91RM9200DK, "Atmel AT91RM9200-DK")
/* Maintainer: SAN People/Atmel */
.phys_io = AT91_BASE_SYS,
.io_pg_offst = (AT91_VA_BASE_SYS >> 18) & 0xfffc,
.boot_params = AT91_SDRAM_BASE + 0x100,
.timer = &at91rm9200_timer,
.map_io = dk_map_io,
.init_irq = dk_init_irq,
.init_machine = dk_board_init,
MACHINE_END
×îºó¾ÍÊÇ´ò¿ªMMU£¬²¢Ìøתµ½ init/main.c[2]µÄstart_kernel£¨³õʼ»¯ÏµÍ³¡£ÔÚ init/main.c[2] ÖУ¬º¯Êýstart_kernel£¨£©µÄ²¿·Ö´úÂëÈçÏ£º
{
¡¡
setup_arch£¨£©£»
¡¡
}
ÔÚ arch/arm/kernel/setup.c[2]ÖУ¬º¯Êýsetup_arch£¨£©µÄ²¿·Ö´úÂëÈçÏ£º
{
¡¡
setup_processor();
mdesc=setup_machine(machine_arch_type);
¡¡
parse_tags(tags);
¡¡
}
setup_processor£¨£©º¯Êý´Ó´¦ÀíÆ÷ÄÚºËÃèÊö·û±íÖÐÕÒµ½Æ¥ÅäµÄÃèÊö·û£¬²¢³õʼ»¯Ò»Ð©´¦ÀíÆ÷±äÁ¿¡£setup_machine£¨£©ÓûúÆ÷±àºÅ£¨ÔÚ½âѹº¯Êýdecompress_kernel Öб»¸³Öµ£©×÷Ϊ²ÎÊý·µ»Ø»úÆ÷ÃèÊö·û¡£´Ó»úÆ÷ÃèÊö·ûÖлñµÃÄں˲ÎÊýµÄÎïÀíµØÖ·£¬¸³Öµ¸øtags ±äÁ¿¡£È»ºóµ÷ÓÃparse_tags£¨£©º¯Êý·ÖÎöÄں˲ÎÊýÁ´±í£¬°Ñ¸÷¸ö²ÎÊýÖµ´«µÝ¸øÈ«¾Ö±äÁ¿¡£ÕâÑùÄں˾ÍÊÕµ½ÁËBootLoader ´«µÝµÄ²ÎÊý¡£
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Machine: Atmel AT91RM9200-DK
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Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/ram rw init=/linuxrc
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Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
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checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (no cpio magic); looks like an initrd
Freeing initrd memory: 1024K
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RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
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