RPM(Red Hat Package Manager)£¬ÊÇ»ùÓÚRed hatµÄLinux DistributionµÄ°ü¹ÜÀíϵͳ£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²Ö¸rpm°ü±¾Éí£¬RPMÓÃÓÚrpm°üµÄ¹ÜÀí£¨ÖîÈç°²×°¡¢Ð¶ÔØ¡¢Éý¼¶µÈ£©£¬ÏñMandrakeºÍSuSEÕâЩ»ùÓÚRPMµÄ·¢Ðаæͨ³£ÓÐ×Ô¼ºÌض¨µÄrpm°ü£¬Èç¹û»ìºÏ°²×°¿ÉÄܲ»»áÕý³£¹¤×÷£¬¶ø¶ÔÓÚµÚÈý·½·¢ÐеÄrpm°üÒ»°ã¶¼ÄÜÔÚ»ùÓÚRPMµÄϵͳÉÏÕý³£°²×°¡£
¶ÔÓÚ»ùÓÚDebianµÄϵͳʹÓÃdeb¸ñʽµÄ°ü£¬Óаüת»»¹¤¾ßʹrpmÓëdeb¼°ÆäËûÎļþÖ®¼ä»¥Ïàת»»(Alien Package Converter£©£¬Æä°²×°ºÍÉý¼¶¿ÉÓÃdpkg£¬²»¹ýËü²»Äܷܺ½±ãµØ´¦Àí°üµÄÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ£¬±È½ÏʡʵÄÓÐdselectºÍapt-get, UbunutÊÇdebianµÄ±äÖÖ, ÆäÈí¼þÒÔdeb°ü»òÕßÔ´ÎļþµÄÐÎʽ³öÏÖ.
2.debÈí¼þ°üµÄ¸ñʽºÍʹÓÃ
(1).debÈí¼þ°üÃüÁî×ñÐÐÈçÏÂÔ¼¶¨£º
soft_ver-rev_arch.deb , Èç:pptview_8.0-5_i386.deb ÖÐÃû×ÖÊÇpptview, °æ±¾ºÅ8.0, ¼Ü¹¹Îªi386ƽ̨.
(2)dpkgÃüÁî
root@huxiping:~# dpkg --help
Usage:
dpkg -i|--install <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive
dpkg --unpack <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive
dpkg -A|--record-avail <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive
dpkg --configure
dpkg -r|--remove | -P|--purge
dpkg --get-selections [
dpkg --set-selections set package selections from stdin
dpkg --update-avail
dpkg --merge-avail
dpkg --clear-avail erase existing available info
dpkg --forget-old-unavail forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs
dpkg -s|--status
dpkg -p|--print-avail
dpkg -L|--listfiles
dpkg -l|--list [
dpkg -S|--search
dpkg -C|--audit check for broken package(s)
dpkg --print-architecture print dpkg architecture
dpkg --compare-versions
dpkg --help | --version show this help / version number
dpkg --force-help | -Dh|--debug=help help on forcing resp. debugging
dpkg --licence print copyright licensing terms
Use dpkg -b|--build|-c|--contents|-e|--control|-I|--info|-f|--field|
-x|--extract|-X|--vextract|--fsys-tarfile on archives (type dpkg-deb --help.)
For internal use: dpkg --assert-support-predepends | --predep-package |
--assert-working-epoch | --assert-long-filenames | --assert-multi-conrep
Options:
--admindir=
--root=
--instdir=
-O|--selected-only Skip packages not selected for install/upgrade
-E|--skip-same-version Skip packages whose same version is installed
-G|--refuse-downgrade Skip packages with earlier version than installed
-B|--auto-deconfigure Install even if it would break some other package
--no-debsig Do no try to verify package signatures
--no-act|--dry-run|--simulate
Just say what we would do - don't do it
-D|--debug=
--status-fd
--log=
--ignore-depends=
--force-... Override problems - see --force-help
--no-force-...|--refuse-... Stop when problems encountered
--abort-after
Comparison operators for --compare-versions are:
lt le eq ne ge gt (treat empty version as earlier than any version);
lt-nl le-nl ge-nl gt-nl (treat empty version as later than any version);
< << <= = >= >> > (only for compatibility with control file syntax).
Use `dselect' or `aptitude' for user-friendly package management.
root@huxiping:~#
dpkg -i | --install xxx.deb °²×°debÈí¼þ°ü
dpkg -r | --remove xxx.deb ɾ³ýÈí¼þ°ü
dpkg -r -P | --purge xxx.deb Á¬Í¬ÅäÖÃÎļþÒ»Æðɾ³ý
dpkg -I | -info xxx.deb ²é¿´Èí¼þ°üÐÅÏ¢
dpkg -L xxx.deb ²é¿´Îļþ¿½±´ÏêÇé
dpkg -l ²é¿´ÏµÍ³ÖÐÒÑ°²×°Èí¼þ°üÐÅÏ¢
dpkg-reconfigure xxx ÖØÐÂÅäÖÃÈí¼þ°ü
ÓÐЩʱºò£¬ÄúʹÓá°dpkg¡±°²×°Ò»¸öÈí¼þ°ü£¬ÏµÍ³»áÌáʾÄú¸ÃÈí¼þ°üÒÀÀµÆäËüÈí¼þ°ü¡£Õâʱ£¬ÄúÏÈ°²×°ÆäËüÈí¼þ°ü£¬Ö±µ½Âú×ãÒÀÀµ¹ØϵΪֹ¡£»òÕßͬʱ°²×°¶à¸öÈí¼þ°ü
dpkg -i aaa.deb bbb.deb ccc.deb
3. ubuntuµÄapt-ÃüÁîÄܹ»×Ô¶¯Íê³ÉÈí¼þÒÀÀµ, ÓõıȽ϶àµÄÊÇapt-get,Æäʵ»¹ÓÐÆäËûµÄÓ÷¨¿ÉÒÔÍÚ¾òһϵÄ, ±ÈÈçÏÂÃæ
root@huxiping:~# apt-
apt-cache apt-config apt-ftparchive apt-key
apt-cdrom apt-extracttemplates apt-get apt-sortpkgs
root@huxiping:~# apt-
Èç¹ûÒ»¸öÈí¼þÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ¹ýÓÚ¸´ÔÓ£¬Ê¹Óá°dpkg¡±À´°²×°Ëü£¬²¢²»ÊÇÒ»¸öÃ÷ÖǵÄÑ¡Ôñ£¬Õâ¸öʱºòÄú¾ÍÐèÒªÓõ½APTÈí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀíϵͳ¡£APT¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯µÄ¼ì²éÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ£¬Í¨¹ýÔ¤ÉèµÄ·½
ʽÀ´»ñµÃÏà¹ØÈí¼þ°ü£¬²¢×Ô¶¯°²×°ÅäÖÃËü¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬ÔÚ¶àÊýÇé¿öÏ£¬ÎÒÃÇÍƼöÄúʹÓÃAPTÈí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀíϵͳ¡£
APTϵͳÐèÒªÒ»¸öÈí¼þÐÅÏ¢Êý¾Ý¿âºÍÖÁÉÙÒ»¸ö´æ·Å×Å´óÁ¿deb°üµÄÈí¼þ²Ö¿â£¬ÎÒÃdzÆ֮Ϊ¡°Ô´¡±¡£¡°Ô´¡±¿ÉÒÔÊÇÍøÂç·þÎñÆ÷£¬°²×°CD»òÕß±¾µØÈí¼þ²Ö¿â¡£ÄúÐèÒªÐÞ¸Ä
¡°/etc/apt/sources.list¡±Îļþ£¬Ê¹APTϵͳÄܹ»Á¬½Óµ½¡°Ô´¡±¡£