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GRUB ѧϰ±Ê¼Ç

ÂÛ̳ÉϹØÓÚ GRUB µÄÌù×Ó²»ÉÙ£¬µ«ºÜ¶à¶¼Êǽ²Ôõô°²×°¶øÒÑ¡£ÕâƪÎÄÕÂÊÇÎÒͨ¹ý·­Òë info grub

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1¡¢GRUB »ù´¡

2¡¢ÃüÃûÏ°¹ß

3¡¢°²×° GRUB

4¡¢GRUB ½Ó¿Ú

5¡¢GRUB ³£ÓÃÃüÁî

6¡¢±£»¤ GRUB ÉèÖÃ

7¡¢GRUB ºÍ stage Îļþ

8¡¢GRUB ³£¼û´íÎóÐÅÏ¢

9¡¢ÖÆ×÷ GRUB Òýµ¼ÈíÅÌ

10¡¢Ê¹Óà GRUB ͨ¹ýÍøÂçÒýµ¼²Ù×÷ϵͳ

11¡¢°ÑÅäÖÃÎļþǶÈëµ½ GRUB ÖÐ

12¡¢×ܽá

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1.1 GRUB ¼ò½é

¡°boot loader¡±ÊǼÆËã»úÆô¶¯ºóµÚÒ»¸öÔËÐеÄÈí¼þ¡£Ëü¸ºÔð¼ÓÔØÒ»¸ö²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÄںˣ¬²¢°Ñ¿ØÖÆȨ½»¸øÄںˡ£ÄÚºËÔò¸ºÔðʣϵijõʼ¹ý³Ì¡£

GRUB Ò»¸öºÜÖØÒªµÄÌØÉ«¾ÍÊÇÁé»îÐÔ£»GRUB ¿ÉÒÔʶ±ðÎļþϵͳºÍ¶þ½øÖƸñʽµÄÄںˣ¬ËùÒÔÄã¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÔØÈκβÙ×÷ϵͳ£¬¶ø²»ÐèÒª¼Ç¼ÄÚºËÔÚ

´ÅÅÌÉϵÄÎïÀíλÖá£

1.2 GRUB µÄÏÖ×´

ÎÒ²»´òËã½éÉÜ GRUB µÄ·¢Õ¹ÀúÊ·£¬ÓÐÐËȤµÄÅóÓÑ¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¼ºµ½¹Ù·½Õ¾µã»òÕßÖ´ÐÐ info grub ×ÔÐлñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢¡£ÎÒÃÇ×ÅÑÛÓÚ GRUB µ±Ç°µÄÏÖ×´¡£

Ä¿Ç° GRUB ·Ö³É GRUB legacy ºÍ GRUB 2¡£°æ±¾ºÅÊÇ 0.9x ÒÔ¼°Ö®Ç°µÄ°æ±¾¶¼³ÆΪ GRUB Legacy £¬´Ó 1.x ¿ªÊ¼µÄ¾Í³ÆΪ GRUB 2¡£Ä¿Ç°

GRUB Legacy ÒѾ­Í£Ö¹¿ª·¢ÁË£¬Ö»ÊdzöÓÚÒ»¸ö bug fix µÄ״̬£¬²»ÔÙÔö¼ÓÐµĹ¦ÄÜÁË£¬ËùÓеĿª·¢¶¼×ªÒƵ½ GURB 2 Ö®ÉÏÁË¡£

1.3 GRUB Legacy ºÍ GRUB 2

GRUB 2 ÊÇÔ´×ÔÓÚÒ»¸öÃûΪ PUPA µÄÏîÄ¿£¬Ä¿µÄÊǽ¨Á¢ÏÂÒ»´úµÄ boot loader¡£GRUB 2 ¼¸ºõÊÇ´ÓÁ㿪ʼ¿ªÊ¼¿ª·¢µÄ£¬ËüºÍ GRUB Legacy ²»

ͬµÄµØ·½Óкܶ࣬ÀýÈçÖ§³Ö scripts¡¢¹ú¼Ê»¯ÓïÑÔ¡¢¶¯Ì¬¼ÓÔØÄ£¿é¡¢´øÓÐ resuce ģʽµÈµÈ£¬ÕâЩ¶¼ÊÇ GRUB Legacy ËùûÓеġ£

ÏÂÃæÊÇ GRUB2 ÐÂÌØÐԵĽéÉÜ £º(Ô­ÎÄÇë²Îhttp://www.gnu.org/software/grub/grub-2.en.html £©

a£©Ö§³Ö½Å±¾ÓïÑÔ£¬ÀýÈçÌõ¼þÅжϣ¬Ñ­»·¡¢±äÁ¿ºÍº¯Êý

b£©Í¼ÐνӿÚ

c£©ÔÚÔËÐÐʱ¶¯Ì¬¼ÓÔØÐèÒªµÄÄ£¿é£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÔÚ biuld µÄʱºòÖ¸¶¨¼ÓÈëÄÇЩģ¿é£¨¾²Ì¬£©

d£©¿ÉÒÔÒÆÖ²µ½²»Í¬µÄ¼Ü¹¹ÉÏ

e£©¹ú¼Ê»¯ÓïÑÔ¡£°üÀ¨Ö§³Ö·ÇASCIIµÄ×Ö·û¼¯ºÍÀàËÆ gettext µÄÏûÏ¢·ÖÀ࣬×ÖÌ壬ͼÐοØÖÆ̨µÈµÈ¡£

f£©Êµ¼ÊÄÚ´æ¹ÜÀí¡£Ê¹µÃ GNU GRUB ¸ü¼Ó¾ßÓпÉÀ©Õ¹ÐÔ

g£©Õë¶ÔÎļþϵͳ¡¢Îļþ¡¢É豸¡¢Çý¶¯¡¢Öնˡ¢ÃüÁî¡¢·ÖÇø±í¡¢ os loder µÄÄ£¿é»¯¡¢²ã´Î»¯¡¢»ùÓÚ¶ÔÏóµÄ¿ò¼Ü

h£©¿çƽ̨µÄ°²×°£¬ÔÊÐí´ÓÁíÍâÒ»¸ö¼Ü¹¹ÉÏ°²×° GRUB

i£©Ö§³Ö rescue ģʽ£¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚϵͳÎÞ·¨Òýµ¼µÄÇé¿ö¡£stage 1.5 ±»È¡ÏûÁË

j£©ÐÞ¸´ GRUB Legacy Éè¼ÆÉϵĴíÎó£¬Í¬Ê±ÓÖ±£³ÖÏòºóµÄ¼æÈÝÐÔ¡£

1.4 Multiboot ¹æ·¶

Multiboot ¹æ·¶ÊÇÔÚ boot loader ºÍ kernel Ö®¼äµÄÒ»¸öЭÒ飬ÓÃÓÚͳһ¸÷ÖÖÒýµ¼²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ·½·¨¡£Linux ºÍ BSD Ä¿Ç°²¢²»Ö§³Ö¸Ã¹æ·¶¡£

1.5 ¿ÉÓÃ×ÊÔ´

GRUB µÄ homepage http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/grub-legacy-faq.en.html£©

info grub

1.6 ¾É°æ GRUB£¨GRUB Legacy£©µÄ¹¦ÄÜÌØÉ«

a£©Ê¶±ð¶àÖÖ¿ÉÖ´Ðиñʽ£¬Ö§³Ö ¡°a.out¡± , ELF, symbol tables£©

b£©Ö§³Ö non-Multiboot Äںˡ£Ö÷ÒªÊÇFreeBSD¡¢NetBSD¡¢OpenBSD¡¢Linux¡£

c£©Ö§³Ö¼ÓÔضà¸öÄ£¿é

d£©Ö§³ÖÅäÖÃÎļþ

e£©Ìṩ²Ëµ¥½Ó¿Ú¡£²Ëµ¥ÏîµÄÊýÁ¿²¢Ã»ÓÐÏÞÖÆ£¬Ä¿Ç°°æ±¾Ö§³ÖÊý°Ù¸ö²Ëµ¥ÌõÄ¿

f£©ÓÐÒ»¸öÁé»îµÄÃüÁîÐнӿڡ£Èç¹ûûÓÐÅäÖÃÎļþ´æÔÚ£¬GRUB »á×Ô¶¯½øÈëÃüÁîģʽ

g£©Ö§³Ö¶àÖÖÎļþϵͳ¸ñʽ¡£Ö÷ÒªÓÐBSD FFS¡±¡¢¡°DOS FAT 16 ¡¢FAT32¡±£¬¡°Minix fs¡±¡¢ext2/ext3¡¢ReiserFS ¡¢jfs¡¢xfs¡¢VSTa fs

h£©Ö§³Ö×Ô¶¯½âѹ

i£©Äܹ»·ÃÎÊÈκÎÒѾ­°²×°µÄÉ豸ÉϵÄÊý¾Ý

j£©Be independent of drive geometry translations £¨Õâ¸ö²»ÖªµÀÔõô·­ÒëºÃ£©
Unlike many other boot loaders, GRUB makes the particular drive
translation irrelevant. A drive installed and running with one
translation may be converted to another translation without any
adverse effects or changes in GRUB's configuration.

k£©¼ì²âËùÓÐÒѾ­°²×°µÄ RAM

l£©Ö§³Ö LBA ģʽ¡£ÔÚ´«Í³µÄ´ÅÅ̵÷Ó㨳ÆΪ CHS ģʽ£©£¬´æÔÚÒ»¸öÏÞÖÆ £º¾ÍÊÇ BIOS ÎÞ·¨·ÃÎÊÔÚ 1024 ÖùÃæ¡£Ö®ºóµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ËùÒÔ BIOS

Ö»ÄÜ·ÃÎÊ×îС 508 MB £¬×î´ó8GB µÄ¿Õ¼ä¡££¨ÕâÒ²¾ÍÊÇ /boot ·ÖÇø±ØÐëÔÚ 1024 ÖùÃæ֮ǰµÄÔ­Òò£©¡£GRUB ²¢²»Äܽâ¾öÈ«²¿ÎÊÌ⣬ÒòΪ

²¢Ã»ÓÐͳһµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨£¬²»¹ý GRUB ¿ÉÒÔ¼ì²âÊÇ·ñÖ§³Ö LBA ģʽ£¬Èç¹ûÖ§³ÖÔòʹÓà LBA ģʽ¡£

m£©Ö§³ÖÍøÂçÒýµ¼£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓà TFTP ЭÒéͨ¹ýÍøÂç¼ÓÔØÄÚºË

n£©Ö§³ÖÔ¶³ÌÖնˣ¬Ä¿Ç°Ö»Ö§³Ö´®¿Ú



¶þ¡¢ÃüÃûÏ°¹ß

Ê×ÏÈ GRUB ÒªÇóÉ豸Ãû±»À¨ÔÚÒ»¸ö £¨ £© ÖС£fd±íʾÈíÅÌ£¬hd ±íʾӲÅÌ£¨²»Çø·Ö IDE »¹ÊÇ SCSI£©¡£Æä´ÎÉ豸ÊÇ´Ó 0 ¿ªÊ¼±àºÅ£¬·ÖÇøÒ²ÊÇÈç´Ë£¬

·ÖÇøºÍÉ豸֮¼äÓÃÒ»¸ö ¡®,¡¯ ·Ö¿ª¡£ÏÂÃæ¸ø³ö¼¸¸öÀý×Ó £º

(fd0) £º±íʾÕû¸öÈíÅÌ

(hd0,1) £º±íʾ BIOS ÖеĵÚÒ»¸öÓ²Å̵ĵÚ2¸ö·ÖÇø

(hd0,0)/boot/vmlinuz £º±íʾ BIOS ÖеĵÚÒ»¸öÓ²Å̵ĵÚÒ»¸ö·ÖÇøÏ嵀 boot/ Ŀ¼ÏµÄvmlinuz Îļþ¡£

Èç¹ûûÓÐÖ¸¶¨Ä³¸ö·ÖÇø£¬Ôò±íʾʹÓÃÕû¸öÉ豸£¬·ñÔòֻʹÓÃÖ¸¶¨µÄ·ÖÇø¡£


Èý¡¢°²×° GRUB

3.1 ÏÂÔØ tarball

ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨£¬Ò»ÖÖÊÇ rpm £»Ò»ÖÖÊÇ tarball ¡£rpm ûÓÐʲôºÃ˵µÄ£¬Ö»ÊÇ rpm -Uvh ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË¡£²»¹ýÒ»°ã²»»áÆôÓÃÍøÂçÒýµ¼¹¦ÄÜ£¬

ËùÒÔÎÒÃǾö¶¨²ÉÓà tarball µÄ·½Ê½°²×°¡£ Ê×Ïȵ½ÏÂÃæµÄµØÖ·ÏÂÔØ tarball ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub

ÉÏÃæÓÐ GRUB Legacy ºÍ GRUB 2 £¬¾ÍÑ¡ÔñÄ¿Ç° RHEL AS4 ÓÃµÄ 0.95 °æ±¾×öʵÑé¡£

²»¹ýÔÚ°²×°Ö®Ç°ÏÈÒªÓà rpm -q grub ¼ì²éһϠgrub ÊÇ·ñ°²×°ÁË¡£Èç¹ûÊǵĻ°£¬Óà rpm -e grub ɾ³ý£¬¼´Ê¹ÄãÔÚ°²×°Ê±Ö¸¶¨²»°²×°

boot loader £¬°²×°³ÌÐò»¹Êǻᰲװ grub rpm °üµÄ¡£

3.2 °²×°ÐèÇó

INSTALL ÎļþÖиø³öÁË build ËùÐèÒªµÄÈí¼þ°üÌõ¼þ £º

GCC £ºµ±Ç°°æ±¾µÄ GCC Ó¦¸ÃÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓ㬲»¹ý»¹Êǽ¨ÒéÓà 2.95 »òÕßÒÔÉÏ°æ±¾µÄ GCC

GNU Make £ºÉú³É Makefiles ËùÓÃ

GNU binutils 2.9.1.0.23 »òÕ߸ö¸ü¸ß°æ±¾

Èç¹ûÄãÏë×Ô¼º¿ª·¢ GRUB £¬»¹ÐèÒª Texinfo 4.0 »òÕ߸ü¸ß £¬Í¬Ê±»¹ÓÐGNU Autoconf 2.5x £¬GNU Automake 1.7 »òÕ߸ü¸ß°ä²¼¡£

3.3 ²ÎÊý½éÉÜ

ÏÂÃæÎÒÃǽéÉܼ¸¸ö configure ¹ý³ÌÖпÉÄÜÓõ½µÄÑ¡ÏҪÍêÕûµÄÑ¡ÏîÁÐ±í£¬¿ÉÒԲο´ INSTALL ÎļþºÍ netboot/README.netboot Îļþ.

a)--enable-preset-menu=FILE £ºÄ¬ÈÏÇé¿öÏ grub.conf ºÍ stage2 ÎļþÊÇ·ÖÀëµÄ£¬Ê¹ÓøÃÑ¡Ï¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Ó°ÑÅäÖÃÎļþǶÈëµ½ stage2 ÖУ¬

ÕâÑùÆô¶¯Ê±¿ÉÒÔÁ¢¼´»ñµÃÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£¶ÔÓÚһЩǶÈëʽµÄϵͳÀ´Ëµ±È½ÏÓÐÓã¬ÓÖ»òÕßÔÚÇ°ÃæÌáµ½µÄûÓÐÏÔʾÆ÷/¼üÅ̵ÄÖ÷»úÓÐÓã¬ÒòΪÔÚÇÐ

»»ÏÔʾÊä³öµ½ÄãµÄ±Ê¼Ç±¾Ö®Ç°£¬ÄãÊÇ¿´²»µ½Æô¶¯µÄ»­ÃæµÄ£¬ËùÒÔÖ´ÐÐÇл»ÏÔʾ²Ù×÷Ò²ÊÇÔÚ¿´²»µ½Êä³öµÄÇé¿öϽøÐеģ¨Çл»ÏÔʾ֮ºó¾Í²»»áÁË£©¡£

ͨ¹ýÕâ¸öÑ¡ÏîÄã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ ÖÐÖ¸¶¨Æô¶¯Ê±Á¢¼´°ÑÏÔʾÊä³öÇл»µ½ÄãµÄ±Ê¼Ç±¾ÉÏÁË¡£

b)--enable-diskless £ºÈç¹ûʹÓÃÁ˸ÃÑ¡ÏÄã»áµÃµ½¶îÍâµÄÁ½¸öÎļþ£¬nbgrub ºÍ pxegrub¡£½ÓÏÂÀ´ÄãÐèÒªÖ¸¶¨Íø¿¨µÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐò£¬

netboot/ Ŀ¼ÏÂÓнϳ£¼ûµÄ¼¸ÖÖ £¬¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½¼¸ÖÖÍø¿¨¿ÉÒÔºÏÓÃÒ»¸öÇý¶¯¡£³£¼ûµÄÓÐ £º


[Copy to clipboard]CODE:
Intel Etherexpress Pro/100
--enable-eepro100

Novell NE2100 and NE1500
--enable-ne2100

Realtek 8139
SMC 1211
D-Link DFE530TX+ and DFE538TX
--enable-rtl8139


3Com90x
--enable-3c90x

Èç¹ûÄã²»ÏëÄÇôÂé·³£¬Ôò°´ÕÕÏÂÃæµÄ¹ý³Ì½øÐÐ £º


[Copy to clipboard]CODE:
./configure
make
make install

°²×°½áÊø¡£Ä¬ÈÏÃüÁî»á·ÅÔÚ /usr/local/bin ºÍ /usrlocal/sbin Ï¡£Stage ÎļþÔò·ÅÔÚ /usr/local/share/grub/i386-pc/ Ŀ¼Ï¡£

3.4 °²×°Ö®ºóµÄ²Ù×÷

a£©°Ñ /usr/local/share/grub/i386-pc/ Ŀ¼ÏµÄËùÓÐÎļþͳͳ¿½±´µ½ /boot/grub/ Ŀ¼Ï¡£

b£©½ÓÏÂÀ´ÊÇ´´½¨ grub.conf £¬²¢ÔÚ /boot/grub/ Ŀ¼Ï½¨Á¢Ò»¸ö menu.lst £¬Ö¸Ïò grub.conf¡£

c£©×¢Ò⣬Õâ¸ö symbol link ÔÚ Redhat 9 ÊDZØÐèµÄ£¬·ñÔòÆô¶¯Ê±»áÖ±½Ó½øÈëÃüÁîģʽ£¬¼´Ê¹ÒѾ­´æÔÚ grub.conf £»µ«ÔÚ RHEL AS4 ÏÂÈ´²»ÊÇ¡£

d£©È·ÈÏ /usr/local/sbin ºÍ /usr/local/bin ÔÚ PATH ±äÁ¿µÄÖµÖС£

e£©Ö´ÐÐ grub-install /dev/hda1 °Ñ stage1 дÈëµ½ /boot ·ÖÇøµÄÒýµ¼ÉÈÇø¡£

Ò²¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐ grub ½øÈë grub shell £¬È»ºóͨ¹ý root ºÍ setup ÃüÁîÀ´°²×° stage1 ¡£

f£©ÖØÆô»úÆ÷£¬°²×°¹ý³Ìµ½´Ë½áÊø¡£
ÎÄÕÂÆÀÂÛ

¹²ÓÐ 2 ÌõÆÀÂÛ

  1. linuxguy ÓÚ 2007-05-19 02:05:36·¢±í:

    ÒѾ­ÉÏ´«ÁË£¡µÚÎåµÄ£ºhttp://www.linuxdiyf.com/bbs/thread-46537-1-1.html

  2. lldw308 ÓÚ 2007-05-14 16:46:27·¢±í:

    ûÕÒµ½¿ÉÏÂÔصÄpdf °æ±¾£¡ÆÚ´ýÖУ¡