Java Ö§³Ö 3 ÖÖÌøתÓï¾ä£ºbreak£¬continue ºÍreturn ¡£ÕâЩÓï¾ä°Ñ¿ØÖÆתÒƵ½³ÌÐòµÄÆäËû²¿·Ö¡£ÏÂÃæ¶ÔÿһÖÖÓï¾ä½øÐÐÌÖÂÛ¡£
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5.3.1 ʹÓÃbreak Óï¾ä
ÔÚJava ÖУ¬breakÓï¾äÓÐ3ÖÖ×÷ÓᣵÚÒ»£¬ÄãÒѾ¿´µ½£¬ÔÚswitchÓï¾äÖУ¬Ëü±»ÓÃÀ´ÖÕÖ¹Ò»¸öÓï¾äÐòÁС£µÚ¶þ£¬ËüÄܱ»ÓÃÀ´Í˳öÒ»¸öÑ»·¡£µÚÈý£¬ËüÄÜ×÷ΪһÖÖ¡°ÏȽø¡±µÄgoto Óï¾äÀ´Ê¹Óá£ÏÂÃæ¶Ô×îºó 2ÖÖÓ÷¨½øÐнâÊÍ¡£
ʹÓÃbreak Í˳öÑ»·
¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃbreak Óï¾äÖ±½ÓÇ¿ÐÐÍ˳öÑ»·£¬ºöÂÔÑ»·ÌåÖеÄÈκÎÆäËûÓï¾äºÍÑ»·µÄÌõ¼þ²âÊÔ¡£ÔÚÑ»·ÖÐÓöµ½breakÓï¾äʱ£¬Ñ»·±»ÖÕÖ¹£¬³ÌÐò¿ØÖÆÔÚÑ»·ºóÃæµÄÓï¾äÖØпªÊ¼¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÀý×Ó£º
// Using break to exit a loop.
class BreakLoop {
public static void main(String args[]) {
for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
if(i == 10) break; // terminate loop if i is 10
System.out.println("i: " + i);
}
System.out.println("Loop complete.");
}
}
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i: 0
i: 1
i: 2
i: 3
i: 4
i: 5
i: 6
i: 7
i: 8
i: 9
Loop complete.
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// Using break to exit a while loop.
class BreakLoop2 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 0;
while(i < 100) {
if(i == 10) break; // terminate loop if i is 10
System.out.println("i: " + i);
i++;
}
System.out.println("Loop complete.");
}
}
ÔÚһϵÁÐǶÌ×Ñ»·ÖÐʹÓÃbreak Óï¾äʱ£¬Ëü½«½ö½öÖÕÖ¹×îÀïÃæµÄÑ»·¡£ÀýÈ磺
// Using break with nested loops.
class BreakLoop3 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {
System.out.print("Pass " + i + ": ");
for(int j=0; j<100; j++) {
if(j == 10) break; // terminate loop if j is 10
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println("Loops complete.");
}
}
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Pass 0: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Pass 1: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Pass 2: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Loops complete.
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¹ØÓÚbreak £¬ÔÚÕâÀïÒª¼ÇסÁ½µã¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬Ò»¸öÑ»·ÖпÉÒÔÓÐÒ»¸öÒÔÉϵÄbreak Óï¾ä¡£µ«ÒªÐ¡ÐÄ£¬Ì«¶àµÄbreak Óï¾ä»áÆÆ»µÄãµÄ´úÂë½á¹¹¡£Æä´Î£¬switchÓï¾äÖеÄbreak½ö½öÓ°Ïì¸Ãswitch Óï¾ä£¬¶ø²»»áÓ°ÏìÆäÖеÄÈκÎÑ»·¡£
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°Ñbreak µ±×÷goto µÄÒ»ÖÖÐÎʽÀ´ÓÃ
break Óï¾ä³ýÁËÔÚswitchÓï¾äºÍÑ»·ÖÐʹÓÃÖ®Í⣬Ëü»¹ÄÜ×÷Ϊgoto Óï¾äµÄÒ»ÖÖ¡°ÎÄÃ÷¡±ÐÎʽÀ´Ê¹Óá£Java ÖÐûÓÐ goto Óï¾ä£¬ÒòΪgoto Óï¾äÌṩÁËÒ»Öָıä³ÌÐòÔËÐÐÁ÷³ÌµÄ·Ç½á¹¹»¯·½Ê½¡£Õâͨ³£Ê¹³ÌÐòÄÑÒÔÀí½âºÍÄÑÓÚά»¤¡£ËüÒ²×èÖ¹ÁËijЩ±àÒëÆ÷µÄÓÅ»¯¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÓÐЩµØ·½goto Óï¾ä¶ÔÓÚ¹¹ÔìÁ÷³Ì¿ØÖÆÊÇÓÐÓõĶøÇÒÊǺϷ¨µÄ¡£ÀýÈ磬´ÓǶÌ׺ÜÉîµÄÑ»·ÖÐÍ˳öʱ£¬ goto Óï¾ä¾ÍºÜÓаïÖú¡£Òò´Ë£¬Java ¶¨ÒåÁËbreak Óï¾äµÄÒ»ÖÖÀ©Õ¹ÐÎʽÀ´´¦ÀíÕâÖÖÇé¿ö¡£Í¨¹ýʹÓÃÕâÖÖÐÎʽµÄbreak£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÖÕÖ¹Ò»¸ö»òÕß¼¸¸ö´úÂë¿é¡£ÕâЩ´úÂë¿é²»±ØÊÇÒ»¸öÑ»·»òÒ»¸öswitchÓï¾äµÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬ËüÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÊÇÈκεĿ顣¶øÇÒ£¬ÓÉÓÚÕâÖÖÐÎʽµÄbreak Óï¾ä´øÓбêÇ©£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÃ÷È·Ö¸¶¨Ö´ÐдӺδ¦ÖØпªÊ¼¡£Ä㽫¿´µ½£¬break´ø¸øÄãµÄÊÇgoto µÄÒæ´¦£¬²¢ÉáÆúÁËgoto Óï¾ä´øÀ´µÄÂé·³¡£
±êÇ©break Óï¾äµÄͨÓøñʽÈçÏÂËùʾ£º
break label;
ÕâÀ±êÇ©label ÊDZêʶ´úÂë¿éµÄ±êÇ©¡£µ±ÕâÖÖÐÎʽµÄbreakÖ´ÐÐʱ£¬¿ØÖƱ»´«µÝ³öÖ¸¶¨µÄ´úÂë¿é¡£±»¼Ó±êÇ©µÄ´úÂë¿é±ØÐë°üΧbreak Óï¾ä£¬µ«ÊÇËü²»ÐèÒªÊÇÖ±½ÓµÄ°üΧbreakµÄ¿é¡£ÕâÒâζ×ÅÄã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒ»¸ö¼Ó±êÇ©µÄbreak Óï¾äÍ˳öһϵÁеÄǶÌ׿顣µ«ÊÇÄã²»ÄÜʹÓÃbreak Óï¾ä½«¿ØÖÆ´«µÝµ½²»°üº¬break Óï¾äµÄ´úÂë¿é¡£
ÒªÖ¸¶¨Ò»¸ö´úÂë¿é£¬ÔÚÆ俪ͷ¼ÓÒ»¸ö±êÇ©¼´¿É¡£±êÇ©£¨label £©¿ÉÒÔÊÇÈκκϷ¨ÓÐЧµÄJava ±êʶ·ûºó¸úÒ»¸öðºÅ¡£Ò»µ©Äã¸øÒ»¸ö¿é¼ÓÉϱêÇ©ºó£¬Äã¾Í¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÕâ¸ö±êÇ©×÷Ϊbreak Óï¾äµÄ¶ÔÏóÁË¡£ÕâÑù×ö»áʹִÐÐÔÚ¼Ó±êÇ©µÄ¿éµÄ½áβÖØпªÊ¼¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄ³ÌÐòʾÀýÁË 3 ¸öǶÌ׿飬ÿһ¸ö¶¼ÓÐËü×Ô¼ºµÄ±êÇ©¡£breakÓï¾äʹִÐÐÏòÇ°Ìø£¬µ÷¹ýÁ˶¨ÒåΪ±êÇ©second µÄ´úÂë¿é½á⣬Ìø¹ýÁË2¸öprintln ( ) Óï¾ä¡£
// Using break as a civilized form of goto.
class Break {
public static void main(String args[]) {
boolean t = true;
first: {
second: {
third: {
System.out.println("Before the break.");
if(t) break second; // break out of second block
System.out.println("This won't execute");
}
System.out.println("This won't execute");
}
System.out.println("This is after second block.");
}
}
}
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Before the break.
This is after second block.
±êÇ©break Óï¾äµÄÒ»¸ö×îÆÕ±éµÄÓ÷¨ÊÇÍ˳öÑ»·Ç¶Ìס£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄ³ÌÐòÖУ¬Íâ²ãµÄÑ»·Ö»Ö´ÐÐÁËÒ»´Î£º
// Using break to exit from nested loops
class BreakLoop4 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
outer:
for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {
System.out.print("Pass " + i + ": ");
for(int j=0; j<100; j++) {
if(j == 10) break outer; // exit both loops
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println("This will not print");
}
System.out.println("Loops complete.");
}
}
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Pass 0: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Loops complete.
Äã¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½£¬µ±ÄÚ²¿Ñ»·Í˵½Íⲿѻ·Ê±£¬Á½¸öÑ»·¶¼±»ÖÕÖ¹ÁË¡£¼ÇסÈç¹ûÒ»¸ö±êÇ©²»ÔÚ°üΧbreakµÄ¿éÖж¨Ò壬Äã¾Í²»ÄÜbreak µ½¸Ã±êÇ©¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄ³ÌÐò¾ÍÊÇ·Ç·¨µÄ£¬ÇÒ²»»á±»±àÒ룺
// This program contains an error.
class BreakErr {
public static void main(String args[]) {
one:
for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {
System.out.print("Pass " + i + ": ");
}
for(int j=0; j<100; j++) {
if(j == 10) break one; // WRONG
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
}
}
ÒòΪ±êǩΪoneµÄÑ»·Ã»ÓаüΧbreak Óï¾ä£¬ËùÒÔ²»Äܽ«¿ØÖÆ´«µÝµ½¸Ã¿é¡£
5.3.2 ʹÓÃcontinue Óï¾ä
ÓÐʱǿÆÈÒ»¸öÑ»·ÌáÔç·´¸´ÊÇÓÐÓõġ£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÏëÒª¼ÌÐøÔËÐÐÑ»·£¬µ«ÊÇÒªºöÂÔÕâ´ÎÖظ´Ê£ÓàµÄÑ»·ÌåµÄÓï¾ä¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬goto Ö»²»¹ýÊÇÌø¹ýÑ»·Ì壬µ½´ïÑ»·µÄβ²¿¡£continue Óï¾äÊÇbreakÓï¾äµÄ²¹³ä¡£ÔÚwhile ºÍdo while Ñ»·ÖУ¬continue Óï¾äʹ¿ØÖÆÖ±½ÓתÒƸø¿ØÖÆÑ»·µÄÌõ¼þ±í´ïʽ£¬È»ºó¼ÌÐøÑ»·¹ý³Ì¡£ÔÚfor Ñ»·ÖУ¬Ñ»·µÄ·´¸´±í´ïʽ±»ÇóÖµ£¬È»ºóÖ´ÐÐÌõ¼þ±í´ïʽ£¬Ñ»·¼ÌÐøÖ´ÐС£¶ÔÓÚÕâ3ÖÖÑ»·£¬ÈκÎÖмäµÄ´úÂ뽫±»ÅÔ·¡£
ÏÂÀýʹÓÃcontinue Óï¾ä£¬Ê¹Ã¿ÐдòÓ¡2¸öÊý×Ö£º
// Demonstrate continue.
class Continue {
public static void main(String args[]) {
for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {
System.out.print(i + " ");
if (i%2 == 0) continue;
System.out.println("");
}
}
}
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0 1
2 3
4 5
6 7
8 9
¶ÔÓÚbreakÓï¾ä£¬continue ¿ÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨Ò»¸ö±êÇ©À´ËµÃ÷¼ÌÐøÄĸö°üΧµÄÑ»·¡£ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÔËÓÃcontinue Óï¾äÀ´´òÓ¡0µ½9µÄÈý½ÇÐγ˷¨±í£º
// Using continue with a label.
class ContinueLabel {
public static void main(String args[]) {
outer:
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
for(int j=0; j<10; j++) {
if(j > i) {
System.out.println();
continue outer;
}
System.out.print(" " + (i * j));
}
}
System.out.println();
}
}
ÔÚ±¾ÀýÖеÄcontinue Óï¾äÖÕÖ¹Á˼ÆÊýjµÄÑ»·¶ø¼ÌÐø¼ÆÊýiµÄÏÂÒ»´ÎÑ»··´¸´¡£¸Ã³ÌÐòµÄÊä³öÈçÏ£º
0
0 1
0 2 4
0 3 6 9
0 4 8 12 16
0 5 10 15 20 25
0 6 12 18 24 30 36
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64
0 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81
ºÜºÃµÄÀûÓÃcontinue Óï¾äµÄÇé¿öºÜÉÙ£¬Ò»¸öÔÒòÊÇJava ÌṩÁËһϵÁзḻµÄÑ»·Óï¾ä£¬¿ÉÒÔÊÊÓÃÓÚ¾ø´ó¶àÊýÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬¶ÔÓÚÄÇЩÐèÒªÌáÔç·´¸´µÄÌØÊâÇéÐΣ¬continue Óï¾äÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö½á¹¹»¯µÄ·½·¨À´ÊµÏÖ¡£
5.3.3 ʹÓÃreturnÓï¾ä
×îºóÒ»¸ö¿ØÖÆÓï¾äÊÇreturn¡£returnÓï¾äÓÃÀ´Ã÷È·µØ´ÓÒ»¸ö·½·¨·µ»Ø¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ£¬return Óï¾äʹ³ÌÐò¿ØÖÆ·µ»Øµ½µ÷ÓÃËüµÄ·½·¨¡£Òò´Ë£¬½«Ëü·ÖÀàΪÌøתÓï¾ä¡£ÕâÀï¶ÔÆä×÷¼òÒªµØ½éÉÜ¡£
ÔÚÒ»¸ö·½·¨µÄÈκÎʱ¼ä£¬return Óï¾ä¿É±»ÓÃÀ´Ê¹ÕýÔÚÖ´ÐеķÖÖ§³ÌÐò·µ»Øµ½µ÷ÓÃËüµÄ·½·¨¡£ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó˵Ã÷ÕâÒ»µã¡£ÏÂÀýÖУ¬ÓÉÓÚÊÇJava ÔËÐÐϵͳµ÷ÓÃmain() £¬Òò´Ë£¬returnÓï¾äʹ³ÌÐòÖ´Ðзµ»Øµ½Java ÔËÐÐϵͳ¡£
// Demonstrate return.
class Return {
public static void main(String args[]) {
boolean t = true;
System.out.println("Before the return.");
if(t) return; // return to caller
System.out.println("This won't execute.");
}
}
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Before the return.
ÕýÈçÄã¿´µ½µÄÒ»Ñù£¬×îºóµÄprintln( ) Óï¾äûÓб»Ö´ÐС£Ò»µ©returnÓï¾ä±»Ö´ÐУ¬³ÌÐò¿ØÖÆ´«µÝµ½ËüµÄµ÷ÓÃÕß¡£
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