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# hostname
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# ifconfig xl0 inet 192.168.1.64 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
¡¡¡¡ÆäÖÐxl0±êʶһ¸ö3c905BµÄÍøÂç½çÃ棬inetΪinetnetµÄ¼òд£¬±êʶIPÐÒ飬FreeBSDÒ²Ö§³ÖÆäËû¼¸ÖÖÐÒ飬Èçipx¡¢ atalkµÈ¡£ÉèÖñ¾ÍøÂç½çÃæµØַΪ192.168.1.64£¬ÍøÂçÑÚÂëΪ255.255.255.0£¬up±íʾ½«Õâ¸öÍøÂç½çÃæÔËÐÐÆðÀ´¡£Í¨³£²»ÐèÒªÕâô¸´ÔÓµÄд·¨£¬¼òµ¥µÄʹÓÃÏÂÃæÃüÁʹÓÃȱʡÍøÂçÑÚÂëÅäÖÃÕâ¸öÍøÂç¡£
# ifconfig xl0 192.168.1.64
¡¡¡¡Ê¹ÓÃdown²ÎÊý¿ÉÒÔ¼òµ¥Í£Ö¹ÍøÂç½çÃæµÄ¹¤×÷£º
# ifconfig xl0 down
¡¡¡¡´ËÍ⣬»¹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸öÍøÂç½çÃæÉÏÀ¦°óÉ϶à¸öIPµØÖ·£¬µÚ¶þ¸ö¼°ÆäÖ®ºóµÄIPµØÖ·¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃalias²ÎÊýÖ¸¶¨£¬Èç¹û²»ÔÙÏëʹÓÃÕâ¸öµØÖ·£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃdeleteÃüÁîɾ³ýÕâ¸öip±ðÃû¡£
# ifconfig xl0 192.168.100.100 alias
# ifconfig xl0 delete 192.168.100.100
¡¡¡¡ifconfigµÄÁíÒ»¸öÖØÒªµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇÓÃÀ´¹Û²ìµ±Ç°ÍøÂçµÄËùÓнçÃæµÄÅäÖÃ״̬£¬-a²ÎÊý½«ÁгöËùÓнçÃæµÄÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢¡£¸ü¸ÄÅäÖÃÖ®ºó×îºÃʹÓÃÕâ¸öÃüÁî²é¿´Ð§¹û¡£
# ifconfig -a
xl0: flags=8843
inet 192.168.1.64 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255
ether 00:90:27:4e:f6:67
media: autoselect
supported media: autoselect 100baseTX
lp0: flags=8810
tun0: flags=8050
sl0: flags=c010
ppp0: flags=8010
lo0: flags=8049
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
¡¡¡¡ÉÏͼÏÔʾµÄÐÅÏ¢°üÀ¨¸÷¸öÍøÂç½çÃ棬ÈçÒÔÌ«Íø½çÃæxl0£¬²¢ÐпڽçÃælp0£¬ÓÃÓÚppp²¦ºÅµÄtun0ºÍppp0½çÃ棬ÓÃÓÚslip²¦ºÅµÄsl0½çÃæµÈ¸÷¸öÍøÂç½çÃæµÄÉèÖÃÊý¾Ý¡£
¡¡¡¡¶ÔÓÚµã¶ÔµãµÄPPP½çÃ棬ppp0»òtun0£¬Í¨³£ÒªÇóÖ¸¶¨ÁíÒ»¶ËµÄIPµØÖ·£¬Èç¹ûûÓÐÁíÒ»¶ËµÄIPµØÖ·£¬¾Í²»ÄÜÕý³£ÉèÖÃÍøÂ磬ÊÂʵÉÏPPPÈí¼þ»á×Ô¶¯Íê³ÉÕâЩÉèÖ㬶ø²»ÐèÊÖ¹¤Ö´ÐÐifconfig¡£
# ifconfig tun0 inet 10.10.1.42 10.10.1.29
ÅäÖ÷Óɱí
¡¡¡¡ÔÚͬһ¸ö¾ÖÓòÍøÉϵļÆËã»úÊÇÖ±½ÓÁ¬Í¨µÄ£¬µ«ÊDz»Í¬µÄÍøÂçÉϵļÆËã»ú²¢Ã»ÓÐÖ±½ÓÏàÁ¬£¬Ö»ÄÜͨ¹ýһ̨ÌØÊâµÄרÓüÆËã»ú-·ÓÉÆ÷À´Íê³ÉÁ¬Í¨¡£Â·ÓÉÆ÷Á¬½ÓÓжà¸öÍøÂç½çÃ棬ÿһ¸öÍøÂç½çÃæÁ¬½Óµ½Ò»¸öÏàÓ¦µÄÍøÂçÉÏ£¬ÓÐÒ»¸öÏàÓ¦µÄIPµØÖ·¡£¶øÍøÂçÄÚ²¿µÄ¼ÆËã»úÒªÏòÍâÁ¬½Ó£¬±ØÐëͨ¹ý·ÓÉÆ÷½øÐÐת½Ó£¬Òò´Ë¼ÆËã»ú±ØÐëÖªµÀ·ÓÉÆ÷µÄIPµØÖ·¡£
¡¡¡¡È±Ê¡Íø¹Ø¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸öÍøÂçÖеÄ×î»ù±¾µÄ·ÓÉÆ÷£¬¸ºÔ𼸺õËùÓеÄÏòÍâÁ¬½ÓÈÎÎñ¡£¼ÙÉèȱʡÍø¹ØµÄµØַΪ 192.168.1.254£¬ÔòÉèÖÃȱʡÍø¹ØµÄÃüÁîΪ£º
# route add default 192.168.1.254
¡¡¡¡¸ü¸´ÔÓµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬ÍøÂçÖпÉÒÔÓжà¸ö·ÓÉÆ÷£¬Ã¿¸ö·ÓÉÆ÷¸ºÔðµ½Ò»Ð©ÍøÂçµÄת·¢ÈÎÎñ£¬Òò´ËÓ¦¸ÃÔÚ¼ÆËã»úÖÐÅäÖÃÕâ¸öÍøÂçÉÏËùÓзÓÉÆ÷¼°ÕâЩ·ÓÉÆ÷¸ºÔðµÄÍøÂçµÄ·ÓÉÊý¾Ý¡£¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃrouteÃüÁîÔö¼Óµ½¸÷¸öÍøÂçµÄ¾²Ì¬Â·ÓÉÊý¾Ý£¬ÆäÖÐ-net²ÎÊýÊÇÒ»¸ö¿ÉÑ¡²ÎÊý£¬·ñÔòroute´ÓËù¸øÓèµÄIPµØÖ·ÖÐÅжÏËüÊÇÍøÂ绹ÊǼÆËã»ú£¬Í¬Ñù¿ÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨ -host²ÎÊýΪһ¸öÔ¶³Ì¼ÆËã»úÖ¸¶¨Â·ÓÉ¡£
# route add -net 192.168.10.0/24 192.168.1.253
# route add -net 192.168.20.0 192.168.1.253
¡¡¡¡Õâ¸öÓï¾ä½«ÔÚ·ÓɱíÖÐÔö¼Óµ½ÍøÂç192.168.2.0ºÍ192.168.3.0µÄ·ÓÉ£¬ÆäÖÐipµØÖ·ºóÃæµÄ24ÓÃÓÚָʾÍøÂçÑÚÂ룬Ëü´ú±í¶þ½øÖÆ·½Ê½µÄÍøÂçÑÚÂëÇ°Ãæ·Ç0λµÄ³¤¶È£¬24¸ö·Ç0λµÄÑÚÂëµÈ¼ÛÓÚ255.255.255.0¡£Èç¹ûûÓÐÖ¸¶¨ÍøÂçÑÚÂ룬route¾ÍʹÓøÃip¶ÔÓ¦µÄȱʡÍøÂçÑÚÂë¡£
¡¡¡¡ÉèÖÃÍê·ÓɱíÖ®ºó£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃnetstat -rÃüÁîÀ´²é¿´µ±Ç°µÄ·ÓɱíµÄÄÚÈÝ¡£
# netstat -r
Routing tables
Internet:
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
default 192.168.1.254 UGSc 1 941 xl0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 1 644 lo0
192.168.1 link#1 UC 0 0 xl0
192.168.1.254 0:e0:1e:ce:85:a9 UHLW 2 0 xl0
192.168.1.64 0:90:27:4e:f6:67 UHLW 1 6 lo0
192.168.1.253 link#1 UHLW 2 0 xl0
192.168.10 192.168.1.253 UGSc 0 0 xl0
192.168.20 192.168.1.253 UGSc 0 0 xl0
¡¡¡¡³ýÁËÏÔʾµ½´ïÆäËûÍøÂçµÄ·ÓÉÆ÷Ö®Í⣬·ÓɱíÖУ¬»¹ÄÜÏÔʾ³öµ½´ï±¾µØÍø¶Î¼ÆËã»úµÄ·½Ê½£¬ÀýÈçlink#1±íʾͨ¹ýµÚÒ»¸öÍøÂç½çÃ棬ҲÄÜÏÔʾֱ½ÓÁ¬½ÓµÄÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄMACµØÖ·¡£
±£´æÅäÖÃ
network_interfaces="xl0 ppp0 lo0"
ifconfig_xl0="inet 192.168.1.64 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_ppp0="inet 10.10.1.42 10.10.1.29"
ifconfig_lo0="inet 127.0.0.1"
defaultrouter=¡±192.168.1.254¡±
static_routes=¡±static_route1 static_route2¡±
static_route1=¡±-net 192.168.10.0/24 192.168.1.253¡±
static_route2=¡±-net 192.168.20.0/24 192.168.1.253¡±
¡¡¡¡ÆäÖÐnetwork_interfaces¶¨ÒåÁ˶à¸öÍøÂç½çÃæµÄÃû×Ö£¬´ËºóÏà¶ÔÓ¦µÄifconfig_xl0µÈÏîµÄÖµÊÇÏàÓ¦µÄ ifconfigµÄ²ÎÊý¡£Í¬Ñùstatic_routes²ÎÊýҲʹÓÃÏàͬ·½Ê½£¬À´¶¨Òå¶à¸ö¾²Ì¬Â·ÓÉ¡£
ÅäÖÃÃû×Ö½âÎö
¡¡¡¡ÔÚInetnet·¢Õ¹µÄÔçÆÚ£¬½ö½öʹÓÃÖ÷»úÃûÅäÖÃÎļþÀ´×÷Ö÷»úÃû/IPÖ®¼äµÄÓ³É䣬Õâ¶ÔÓÚ»¥Á¬µÄ¼ÆËã»ú½ÏÉÙʱʮ·ÖÓÐЧ£¬¶øËæ×ÅÏàÁ¬µÄ¼ÆËã»úµÄÔö¶à£¬hostsÎļþ»áÔ½À´Ô½´ó£¬Èç¹ûÓõ±Ç°InternetÉϵļÆËã»úÊýÁ¿È¥ºâÁ¿µÄ»°£¬Ê¹ÓÃhostsÎļþ¸ù±¾²»¿ÉÄÜ¡£
# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.1.254 gateway
192.168.1.253 gateway2
192.168.1.252 gateway3
¡¡¡¡Òò´ËÈËÃÇ·¢Õ¹ÁËÒ»ÖÖ·Ö¼¶µÄ·½Ê½¹ÜÀíÃû×ÖÓëIPµØÖ·¶ÔÓ¦¹Øϵ£¬³ÆΪÓòÃû½âÎöϵͳ¡£ÔÚÕâ¸öϵͳÖвÉÓÃÒ»ÖÖ·Ö¼¶½á¹¹£¬Ã¿¸ö×éÖ¯¸ºÔð×Ô¼ºµÄÓò¼°Í¨¹ýÕâ¸öÓòÄÚµÄÃû×Ö·þÎñÆ÷£¬¶ÔÓòÄڵļÆËã»úÃû×ÖºÍIPµØÖ·µÄ¶ÔÓ¦¹Øϵ½øÐÐά»¤£¬Ã¿¸öÓòÄÚ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»®·ÖΪ¼¸¸ö²»Í¬µÄ×ÓÓò£¬×ÓÓòÓÉ×ÓÓòÄÚµÄÃû×Ö·þÎñÆ÷¸ºÔð½âÎö£¬ÕâÑù¾Í½µµÍÁËά»¤ÈÎÎñµÄ¸´Ôӳ̶ȡ£Í¨¹ý±ê×¼ÐÒéDNS£¬InternetÉÏËùÓеÄÃû×Ö·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÏ໥½»»»Êý¾Ý£¬ÕâÑùÿ̨¼ÆËã»ú¶¼ÄÜͨ¹ý²éѯÃû×Ö·þÎñÆ÷À´²éѯ InternetÉÏËùÓеļÆËã»úÃû×Ö¡£
nameserver 192.168.1.250
nameserver 192.168.2.210
¡¡¡¡×¢Ò⣬ÒòΪ´Ëʱ»¹²»ÄÜͨ¹ýDNS²éѯÃû×Ö£¬Òò´ËÕâÀïҪʹÓÃIPµØÖ·¶ø·ÇÖ÷»úÃûÀ´Ö¸¶¨Ãû×Ö·þÎñÆ÷¡£
bind
hosts
¡¡¡¡ÏµÍ³È±Ê¡ÉèÖõÄ˳ÐòÈçÉÏ£¬µÚÒ»ÐÐΪbind£¬£¨Berkeley Internet Name Domain£©ÕâÊÇDNSÓòÃûϵͳµÄ±ê׼ʵÏÖ£¬µÚ¶þÐÐΪhosts£¬Òò´ËÕâ±íʾÏȲéÕÒDNS·þÎñÆ÷£¬È»ºóÔÙ²éÕÒ±¾»úÖеÄÎļþhosts¡£ÓÉÓÚ´ÓDNS ·þÎñÆ÷ÉϲéÕÒÃû×Ö¿ÉÒԵõ½ÓòÃûµÄÈ«²¿ÐÅÏ¢£¬Òò´ËÈç¹û±¾»ú¾ß±¸DNSÃû×ÖµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Ó¦¸ÃÉèÖÃΪ²éÕÒDNS·þÎñÆ÷ÓÅÏÈ¡£
¡¡¡¡ËäȻһ°ãDNSÃû×Ö½âÎöËٶȲ¢²»»áÔì³ÉÌ«´óµÄÓ°Ï죬µ«Èç¹û±¾µØµÄDNS·´Ó¦½ÏÂý»òÕßÕą̂FreeBSD¼ÆËã»úµÄÃû×ÖûÓеǼǵ½DNS·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏ£¬ÄÇô·þÎñÆ÷ÊÔͼ²éÕÒ±¾»úÃû×ÖµÄÐж¯¾ÍÓ°ÏìÍøÂçÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄÁ¬½ÓËٶȣ¬Ôì³ÉºÜ¶àÒÀÀµÓÚÖ÷»úÃûµÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÆô¶¯·Ç³£»ºÂý£¬ÎªÁ˼ÓËÙ¼ÆËã»úÃû×Ö½âÎöËٶȣ¬¿ÉÒÔ¸ü¸ÄÕâ¸öÎļþÉèÖÃΪÏȲéÕÒ±¾»úÎļþÓÅÏÈ¡£
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¡¡¡¡×î»ù±¾µÄ²é¿´±¾µØÍøÂçÉèÖõijÌÐò£¬°üÀ¨Ç°ÃæÌáµ½µÄÉèÖóÌÐòifconfig¡¢route£¬ÒÔ¼°²é¿´ÍøÂç״̬µÄ³ÌÐònetstat¡£»¹ÓÐÁíÍâµÄһЩ³ÌÐò£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´ÅжÏÍøÂçÁ¬½Ó״̬¡£
¡¡¡¡Ç°ÃæÌáµ½µÄnetstatµÄÓ÷¨ÊÇʹÓÃ-r²ÎÊýÀ´»ñµÃ·ÓÉÆ÷µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬¶ø²»Ê¹ÓÃÕâ¸ö²ÎÊýÆô¶¯netstat½«±¨¸æµ±Ç°µÄÁ¬½Ó״̬£¬°üÀ¨TCP/IPÁ¬½ÓºÍUnix socketÁ¬½Ó¡£
# netstat
Active Internet connections
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address (state)
Active UNIX domain sockets
Address Type Recv-Q Send-Q Inode Conn Refs Nextref Addr
f458af00 dgram 0 0 0 f4571fc0 0 f458ae40
f458ae40 dgram 0 0 0 f4571fc0 0 f458af40
f458af40 dgram 0 0 0 f4571fc0 0 f458af80
f458af80 dgram 0 0 0 f4571fc0 0 f458afc0
f458afc0 dgram 0 0 0 f4571fc0 0 0
f4571fc0 dgram 0 0 f45705c0 0 f458af00 0 /var/run/log
¡¡¡¡¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃpingÀ´ÅжÏÓëÔ¶³Ì¼ÆËã»úÊÇ·ñÄܹ»Á¬Í¨¡£
64 bytes from 209.155.82.18: icmp_seq=1 ttl=240 time=520.726 ms
64 bytes from 209.155.82.18: icmp_seq=2 ttl=240 time=773.465 ms
^C
¡¡¡¡ÒªÏëÖªµÀÕą̂¼ÆËã»úÊÇÔõÑùºÍÔ¶³Ì¼ÆËã»úÏàÁ¬½ÓµÄ£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃtracerouteÀ´»ñµÃ´Ó±¾»ú´ïµ½Ô¶³Ì¼ÆËã»úËù¾¹ýµÄ·ÓÉÆ÷£¬ÒÔ¼°µ½´ï¸÷¸ö·ÓÉÆ÷µÄ¿ªÏúµÈÐÅÏ¢¡£
1 202.102.245.1 (202.102.245.1) 1.078 ms 0.862 ms 0.850 ms
2 202.102.235.165 (202.102.235.165) 157.337 ms 157.957 ms 174.054 ms
3 202.97.26.217 (202.97.26.217) 134.037 ms 57.994 ms 55.602 ms
5 202.97.10.113 (202.97.10.113) 623.421 ms 888.556 ms 794.748 ms
7 202.97.9.1 (202.97.9.1) 762.538 ms 945.893 ms 920.904 ms
8 202.97.8.254 (202.97.8.254) 1181.508 ms 1107.783 ms 374.649 ms
10 202.97.16.190 (202.97.16.190) 391.926 ms 214.433 ms 721.839 ms
11 * 202.112.63.100 (202.112.63.100) 313.066 ms *
12 * * *
14 * * *
15 * 202.112.5.194 (202.112.5.194) 282.973 ms 340.009 ms
¡¡¡¡ÓÉÓÚtraceroute»áÔÚÍøÂçÉϲúÉú´óÁ¿µÄÊý¾ÝÁ÷£¬Òò´ËÒ»°ã²»ÒªÆµ·±Ê¹ÓÃÕâ¸öÃüÁÒÔÃâÔì³ÉÎÞνµÄÍøÂçÁ÷Á¿¡£
¡¡¡¡ÎªÁË»ñµÃ´ÓÒ»¸ö¼ÆËã»úÃû×Ö»ñµÃÆäIPµØÖ·£¬»òÕß´ÓIPµØÖ·µÃµ½¼ÆËã»úÃû×Ö£¬¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓʹÓÃnslookupÀ´²éѯDNS·þÎñÆ÷¡£
Address: 202.102.224.68
Non-authoritative answer:
Address: 209.155.82.18
$ nslookup 209.155.82.18
Address: 202.102.224.68
Address: 209.155.82.18
¡¡¡¡nslookup²»½öÄÜÓÃÓÚ²éѯÆÕͨµÄIPµØÖ·£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔ²éѯÆäËû¸ü¸´ÔÓµÄDNSÐÅÏ¢£¬Èçij¸öÓòµÄÃû×Ö·þÎñÆ÷µÄµØÖ·£¬Óʼþ·þÎñÆ÷µØÖ·µÈ
snqyss ÓÚ 2006-10-27 12:18:00·¢±í:
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