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详细介绍:Apache 安装、配置、优化

发布时间:2006-09-02 07:50:08来源:红联作者:pkncoin
  安装 Apache 2.0.48 (查看Install手册) 考虑到以后要 rewite_url 来使 google 更加容易收录网站,特地添加了 mod_rewrite

  同时为了限制流量,特别加了 mod_limitpcnn.c 补丁 , 所以多了一个 --enable-forward 选项。

  建议安装完毕以后不要删除安装目录,以便以后升级时使用。

  记得升级前关闭 apache2.0

  编译过程:

  代码:

[code]  #./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward
  # make
  # make install[/code] 

  这个例子里面是编译了 mod_so,mod_speling 和 openssl 支持。

  同样有另外几种写法

  代码:

[code]#./configure --enable-modules=so --enable-modules=speling --enable-modules=rewrite[/code]

  或者

  代码:

[code]#./configure --enable-modules=”so speling”[/code]

  --enable-MODULE[=shared] 编译并包含模块 MODULE. MODULE 是文档中去掉” _module ”的模块名。要将一个模块编译成为 DSO, 需要加 -shared 选项 , 即 --enable-mods-shared 。 (查看 MODULE 手册)

  注意 :"如果希望核心能够装载 DSO,而不实际编译任何动态模块,则要明确指定 --enable-modules=so 或者 --enable-so" (查看 DSO 手册),所以前面的顺序不能交换顺序。 查看所有apache 的 configure 参数

  安装完毕后可以用以下命令来查看启动了那些模块

  代码:

[code]  # apachectl -l
  Compiled in modules:
  core.c 
  mod_access.c
  mod_auth.c
  mod_include.c
  mod_log_config.c
  mod_env.c
  mod_setenvif.c
  prefork.c
  http_core.c
  mod_mime.c
  mod_status.c
  mod_autoindex.c
  mod_asis.c
  mod_cgi.c
  mod_negotiation.c
  mod_dir.c mod_imap.c
  mod_actions.c
  mod_speling.c
  mod_userdir.c
  mod_alias.c
  mod_rewrite.c
  mod_so.c[/code] 

  接着,将启动程序放入开机程序中去。 如果要启动 ssl 加密网页,则必须通过手动启动 apache2.0 (参见 ssl 部分 )

  代码:

[code]# echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local[/code] 

  参考:

  代码:

[code]  If you want your server to continue running after a system reboot ,
  you should add a call to apachectl to your system startup files (typically rc.local or
  a file in an rc.N directory). This will start Apache as root. Before doing this ensure
  that your server is properly configured for security and access restrictions.[/code] 

  在 profile 里面添加以上的语句来设置路径,使得在 bash 下更容易控制 apachectl, 省去了输入路径的麻烦。

  代码:

[code]  # vi /etc/profile

  PATH=" $PATH:usr/local/apache2/bin:”[/code] 

  配置 apache2.0

  代码:

[code]# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf[/code] 

  配置文件请看文件 httpd.conf (设置文档目录为/home/dalouis/public_html)

  代码:

[code]#chmod 755 - R /home/dalouis/[/code] 

  设置目录的可读性为 drwxr-xr-x(755), 否则会出现 "Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server."

  一些关于安全性的配置:

  考虑到 cgi-bin 的安全性问题,我们暂时将 cgi-bin 去掉。将所有 httpd.conf 中的所有关于 cgi-bin 的行加上 #.

  Xiyang 的配置

[code]我用的: mod_limitipconn, mod_expires, mod_gzip, mod_php4, mod_so, mod_access, mod_alias, mod_userdir, mod_dir, mod_autoindex, mod_status, mod_mime, mod_log_config, http_core[/code]

  关于超时的问题 在我编写好所有的产品查看页面的时候,经常会出现因为超时,或者流量过大 ,apache 停止工作的问题,原因有二,一是代码的不科学性,二是 apache 的设置问题。

  以下是对设置的一点改动:

  代码:

[code]  # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections(more than
  # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
  # KeepAlive Off   
  # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
  # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
  # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.   
  # MaxKeepAliveRequests 0   
  # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request
  # from the same client on the same connection.   
  # KeepAliveTimeout 0[/code]

  • 记录访问者的 HTTP-REFERER 和 AGENT, 有助于统计来者是通过什么搜索引擎找到我们的网站的。 或者在原有的CustomLog行,将参数由 common 改成 combined

  代码:

[code]  # If you would like to have agent and referer logfiles,
  # uncomment the following directives.
  CustomLog logs/referer_log referer       
  CustomLog logs/agent_log agent 
  CustomLog logs/www.domain.com-access_log combined[/code]    

  使用 mod_limitipconn.c 来限制 apache 的并发数

  Package: http://dominia.org/djao/limit/这里的安装建议使用动态 DSO 并 patch apache2.0, 以使得 apache2.0 可以认识在代理后方的 IP 。但是要 重新编译 apache2.0, 以下是介绍。

  代码:

[code]  ##Instructions for building DSO with proxy tracking:
  # tar xzvf httpd-2.0.39.tar.gz
  # tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz
  # cd httpd-2.0.39
  # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff
  # ./buildconf
  # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward
  # make
  # make install
  # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22
  # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH
  # make install[/code]

  安装过程
  
[code]  # lynx http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz
  # tar -zxvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz
  # cd httpd-2.0.48
  # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff
  patching file configure.in
  Hunk #1 succeeded at 373 (offset 55 lines).
  patching file include/scoreboard.h
  patching file modules/generators/mod_status.c
  Hunk #1 succeeded at 746 (offset -1 lines).
  patching file server/scoreboard.c
  # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward
  # make
  # make install
  # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22
  # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH
  # make install
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Libraries have been installed in:
  /usr/local/apache2/modules
  If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
  in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
  specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
  flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
  - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
  during execution
  - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
  during linking
  - use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
  - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'
  See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
  more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_limitipconn.so
  [activating module `limitipconn' in /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf][/code] 

  检查 httpd.conf 文件,发现增加了一下一行

  代码:

[code]LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so[/code] 

  同时需要设置以下参数在 httpd.conf 中 , 也可以在单个虚拟服务器中。

  代码:

[code]  ExtendedStatus On
  # Only needed if the module is compiled as a DSO
  LoadModule limitipconn_module lib/apache/mod_limitipconn.so
  
  
  MaxConnPerIP 3
  # exempting images from the connection limit is often a good[/code]
文章评论

共有 6 条评论

  1. wangjun1230 于 2006-10-23 20:48:20发表:

    谢谢了!

  2. machonghao 于 2006-10-23 17:20:18发表:

    好东西,谢谢。

  3. 宿飞 于 2006-09-09 18:01:33发表:

    很好,我们正学习这些呢,

    请教一下:

    支持ASP吗?我听说支持,可不知道怎么做

  4. aijqx 于 2006-09-05 19:32:45发表:

  5. shyboy8688 于 2006-09-05 15:20:19发表:

    恩~好东东~

  6. smallwl 于 2006-09-03 13:15:18发表:

    不错,受教了