ÏÖÔÚ Linux ¹ã·ºÓÃÓÚ¸÷Àà¼ÆËãÓ¦Ó㬲»½ö°üÀ¨ ΢ÐÍ Linux Íó±í¡¢ÊÖ³ÖÉ豸£¨PDA ºÍ·äÎѵ绰£©¡¢ÒòÌØÍø×°Öá¢ÊÝ¿Í»§»ú¡¢·À»ðǽ¡¢¹¤Òµ»úÆ÷È˺͵绰»ù´¡ÉèÊ©É豸£¬ÉõÖÁ»¹°üÀ¨ÁË»ùÓÚ¼¯ÈºµÄ³¬¼¶¼ÆËã»ú¡£ÈÃÎÒÃÇ¿´Ò»Ï Linux ÓÃ×÷ǶÈëʽϵͳÐèÒªÌṩÄÄЩ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ÒÔ¼°ËüÔÚÄ¿Ç°¿ÉÓõÄÑ¡ÔñÖÐ×î¾ßÎüÒýÁ¦µÄÔÒòËùÔÚ¡£
ǶÈëʽϵͳµÄ³öÏÖ
ÓÃÓÚ¿ØÖÆÉ豸µÄ¼ÆËã»ú£¬Ò²½Ð×öǶÈëʽϵͳ£¬ËüµÄÀúÊ·¼¸ºõºÍ¼ÆËã»ú×ÔÉíµÄÀúÊ·Ò»Ñù³¤¡£ËüÃÇ×î³õÓÚÁùÊ®Äê´úÍíÆÚÔÚͨѶÖб»ÓÃÓÚ¿ØÖÆ»úµçµç»°½»»»»ú¡£ÓÉÓÚÔÚ¹ýÈ¥µÄÊ®¶àÄêÀ¼ÆËã»ú²úÒµ²»¶Ï³¯×ŸüСµÄϵͳ·½Ïò·¢Õ¹£¬Ç¶ÈëʽϵͳҲÓëÖ®Ò»ÆðΪÕâЩСÐÍ»úÆ÷ÌṩÁ˸ü¶àµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£½¥½¥µØ£¬¾ÍÐèÒª°ÑÕâЩǶÈëʽϵͳÁ¬½Óµ½Ä³ÖÖÍøÂçÉÏ£¬Òò¶øÒ²¾Í²úÉúÁ˶ÔÍøÂçÕ»µÄÒªÇó£¬ÕâÌá¸ßÁËϵͳµÄ¸´Ôӳ̶Ȳ¢ÒªÇó¸ü¶àµÄ´æ´¢Æ÷ºÍ½Ó¿Ú£¬»¹ÓУ¬Äú²Â¶ÔÁË£¬²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ·þÎñ¡£
ÆßÊ®Äê´úÍíÆÚ³öÏÖÁËÓÃ×÷ǶÈëʽϵͳµÄÏֳɵIJÙ×÷ϵͳ£¬ÏÖÔÚÓÐÐí¶à¿ÉÐеÄÑ¡Ôñ·½°¸¡£ÆäÖУ¬Ò»Ð©Ö÷ÒªµÄ¾ºÕùÕß¿ªÊ¼Õ¸Â¶Í·½Ç£¬±ÈÈ磬VxWorks¡¢pSOS¡¢Neculeus ºÍ Windows CE¡£
ÔÚǶÈëʽϵͳÖÐʹÓà Linux µÄÓŵãºÍȱµã
ËäÈ»´ó¶àÊý Linux ϵͳÔËÐÐÔÚ PC ƽ̨ÉÏ£¬µ« Linux Ò²¿ÉÒÔ×÷ΪǶÈëʽϵͳµÄ¿É¿¿Ö÷Á¦¡£Linux Á÷Ðеġ°back-to-basics¡±·½·¨Ê¹µÃËüµÄ°²×°ºÍ¹ÜÀí±È UNIX ¸ü¼Ó¼òµ¥Áé»î£¬Õâ¶ÔÓÚÄÇЩ UNIX ר¼ÒÃÇÀ´ËµÓÖÊÇÒ»¸öÓŵ㣬ËûÃÇÒѾÒòΪ Linux ÖÐÓÐÐí¶àÃüÁîºÍ±à³Ì½Ó¿Úͬ´«Í³µÄ UNIX Ò»Ñù¶øÉÍʶËüÁË¡£
µäÐ͵ÄѹËõ°ü×° Linux ϵͳ¾¹ý´ò°ü£¬ÔÚÓµÓÐÓ²Å̺ʹóÈÝÁ¿ÄÚ´æµÄ PC »úÉÏÔËÐУ¬Ç¶Èëʽϵͳ¿É²»ÒªÕâô¸ßµÄÅäÖá£Ò»¸ö¹¦ÄÜÍ걸µÄ Linux ÄÚºËÒªÇó´óÔ¼ 1 MB ÄÚ´æ¡£¶ø Linux ΢ÄÚºËÖ»Õ¼ÓÃÆäÖкÜСһ²¿·ÖÄڴ棬°üÀ¨ÐéÄâÄÚ´æºÍËùÓкËÐĵIJÙ×÷ϵͳ¹¦ÄÜÔÚÄÚ£¬Ö»ÐèÕ¼Óà Pentium CPU ϵͳµÄ 100 K ÄÚ´æ¡£Ö»ÒªÓÐ 500 K µÄÄڴ棬һ¸öÓÐÍøÂçÕ»ºÍ»ù±¾ÊµÓóÌÐòµÄÍêÈ«µÄ Linux ϵͳ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÔÚһ̨ 8 λ×ÜÏߣ¨SX£©µÄ Intel 386 ΢´¦ÀíÆ÷ÉÏÔËÐеĺܺÃÁË¡£ÓÉÓÚÄÚ´æÒªÇó³£³£ÊÇÐèÒªµÄÓ¦ÓÃËù¾ö¶¨µÄ£¬±ÈÈç Web ·þÎñÆ÷»òÕß SNMP ´úÀí£¬Linux ϵͳÉõÖÁ¿ÉÒÔ½öʹÓà 256 KB ROM ºÍ 512 KB RAM ½øÐй¤×÷¡£Òò´ËËüÊÇÒ»¸öÃé׼ǶÈëʽÊг¡µÄÇáÁ¿¼¶²Ù×÷ϵͳ¡£
Ó봫ͳµÄʵʱ²Ù×÷ϵͳÏà±È£¨RTOS£©£¬²ÉÓÃÏóǶÈëʽ Linux ÕâÑùµÄ¿ª·ÅÔ´ÂëµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÁíÍâÒ»¸öºÃ´¦ÊÇ Linux ¿ª·¢ÍÅÌå¿´À´»á±È RTOS µÄ¹©Ó¦É̸ü¿ìµØÖ§³ÖÐ嵀 IP ÐÒéºÍÆäËüÐÒé¡£ÀýÈ磬ÓÃÓÚ Linux µÄÉ豸Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÒª±ÈÓÃÓÚÉÌÒµ²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÉ豸Çý¶¯³ÌÐò¶à£¬ÈçÍøÂç½Ó¿Ú¿¨£¨NIC£©Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÒÔ¼°²¢¿ÚºÍ´®¿ÚÇý¶¯³ÌÐò¡£
ÉÁ´æ
¿ìÉÁ RAM ÄÚ´æÊÇ´ó¶àÊý Palm É豸ÓÃÀ´´æ´¢²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄרÓõĴ洢Æ÷¡£Ëü¾ßÓÐÔÊÐí²Ù×÷ϵͳÉý¼¶µÄÓŵ㣬»¹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚÊý×Öʽ·äÎѵ绰¡¢Êý×ÖʽÕÕÏà»ú¡¢LAN ½»»»»ú¡¢PC ¿¨¡¢Êý×Öʽ»ú¶¥ºÐ¡¢Ç¶Èëʽ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ºÍÆäËüСÐÍÉ豸¡£Ç¶Èëʽϵͳ£¬ÈçǶÈëʽ Linux£¬²»ÒªÇóÓдÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷£¬¾¡¹Ü¿ÉÄÜʹÓÃÆäËüµÄÄÚ´æ×éÖ¯·½Ê½¡£Òò´ËÈç¹û£¬´ò¸ö±È·½£¬Linux ÓÃÍêÁËÉÁ´æ£¬Ëü¾Í¿ÉÒÔ½«ÆäÖÐÒ»²¿·Ö×÷Ϊֻ¶ÁµÄÎļþϵͳÀ´´æ´¢¶îÍâµÄ³ÌÐòºÍ¾²Ì¬Êý¾Ý¡£
ºËÐÄ Linux ²Ù×÷ϵͳ±¾ÉíµÄ΢ÄÚºËÌåϵ½á¹¹Ï൱¼òµ¥¡£ÍøÂçºÍÎļþϵͳÒÔÄ£¿éÐÎʽÖÃÓÚ΢Äں˵ÄÉϲ㡣Çý¶¯³ÌÐòºÍÆäËü²¿¼þ¿ÉÔÚÔËÐÐʱ×÷Ϊ¿É¼ÓÔØÄ£¿é±àÒëµ½»òÕßÊÇÌí¼Óµ½Äںˡ£ÕâΪ¹¹Ô춨ÖƵĿÉǶÈëϵͳÌṩÁ˸߶ÈÄ£¿é»¯µÄ¹¹¼þ·½·¨¡£¶øÔÚµäÐÍÇé¿öϸÃϵͳÐè½áºÏ¶¨ÖƵÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐòºÍÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÒÔÌṩ¸½¼Ó¹¦ÄÜ¡£
ǶÈëʽϵͳҲ³£³£ÒªÇóͨÓõŦÄÜ£¬ÎªÁ˱ÜÃâÖظ´ÀͶ¯£¬ÕâЩ¹¦ÄܵÄʵÏÖÔËÓÃÁËÐí¶àÏֳɵijÌÐòºÍÇý¶¯³ÌÐò£¬ËüÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ¹«¹²ÍâÉèºÍÓ¦Óá£Linux ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÍâÉ跶Χ¹ã·ºµÄ¶àÊý΢´¦ÀíÆ÷ÉÏÔËÐУ¬²¢ÔçÒѾÓÐÁËÏֳɵÄÓ¦Óÿ⡣
Linux ÓÃÓÚǶÈëʽµÄÒòÌØÍøÉ豸ҲÊǺܺÏÊʵģ¬ÔÒòÊÇËüÖ§³Ö¶à´¦ÀíÆ÷ϵͳ£¬¸ÃÌØÐÔʹ Linux ¾ßÓÐÁËÉìËõÐÔ¡£Òò¶øÉè¼ÆÈËÔ±¿ÉÒÔÑ¡ÔñÔÚË«´¦ÀíÆ÷ϵͳÉÏÔËÐÐʵʱӦÓã¬Ìá¸ßÕûÌåµÄ´¦ÀíÄÜÁ¦¡£ÀýÈ磬Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸ö´¦ÀíÆ÷ÔËÐÐ GUI£¬Í¬Ê±ÔÚÁíÒ»¸ö´¦ÀíÆ÷ÉÏÔËÐÐ Linux ϵͳ¡£
ÔÚǶÈëʽϵͳÉÏÔËÐÐ Linux µÄÒ»¸öȱµãÊÇ Linux ÌåϵÌṩʵʱÐÔÄÜÐèÒªÌí¼ÓʵʱÈí¼þÄ£¿é¡£¶øÕâЩģ¿éÔËÐеÄÄں˿ռäÕýÊDzÙ×÷ϵͳʵÏÖµ÷¶È²ßÂÔ¡¢Ó²¼þÖжÏÒì³£ºÍÖ´ÐгÌÐòµÄ²¿·Ö¡£ÓÉÓÚÕâЩʵʱÈí¼þÄ£¿éÊÇÔÚÄں˿ռäÔËÐеģ¬Òò´Ë´úÂë´íÎó¿ÉÄÜ»áÆÆ»µ²Ù×÷ϵͳ´Ó¶øÓ°ÏìÕû¸öϵͳµÄ¿É¿¿ÐÔ£¬Õâ¶ÔÓÚʵʱӦÓý«ÊÇÒ»¸ö·Ç³£ÑÏÖصÄÈõµã¡£
ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ÏÖ³ÉµÄ RTOS ÍêÈ«ÊÇΪʵʱÐÔÄܶøÉè¼ÆµÄ£¬Ëüͨ¹ýÔÚÓÉÓû§¶ø·Çϵͳ¼¶½ø³ÌÆô¶¯Ê±·ÖÅä¸øij¸ö½ø³ÌÒÔ¸ßÓÚÆäËü½ø³ÌµÄÓÅÏȼ¶µÄ·½Ê½À´ÊµÏÖ¿É¿¿ÐÔ¡£½ø³ÌÔÚ²Ù×÷ϵͳ¿´À´¾ÍÊÇÔÚÄÚ´æÀï»òÓ²ÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉÏÖ´ÐеijÌÐò¡£¸øËûÃÇÖ¸¶¨½ø³Ì ID »òÕßÊý×Ö±êʶ·ûΪµÄÊÇÈòÙ×÷ϵͳ¸ú×ÙÕýÔÚÖ´ÐеijÌÐòºÍÕâЩ³ÌÐòµÄÏà¹ØÁªµÄÓÅÏȵȼ¶¡£ÕâÑùµÄ·½Ê½±£Ö¤ÁË RTOS ʱ¼äÄÜ±È Linux Ìṩ¸ü¸ßµÄ¿É¿¿ÐÔ£¨¿ÉÔ¤¼ûÐÔ£©¡£µ«×îÖØÒªµÄ£¬Õ⻹ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¸ü¼Ó¾¼ÃµÄÑ¡Ôñ¡£
²»Í¬ÀàÐ͵ÄǶÈëʽ Linux ϵͳ
ÒѾÓÐÐí¶àǶÈëʽ Linux ϵͳµÄʾÀý£»¿ÉÒÔÓаÑÎÕµØ˵£¬Ä³ÖÖÐÎʽµÄ Linux ÄÜÔÚ¼¸ºõÈÎһִ̨ÐдúÂëµÄ¼ÆËã»úÉÏÔËÐС£ÀýÈ磬ELKS£¨¿ÉǶÈë Linux ÄÚºË×Ó¼¯£©·½°¸¼Æ»®ÔÚ Palm Pilot ÉÏʹÓà Linux¡£ÏÂÃæÁгöÁËһЩ¸ü¼Ó¹ãΪÈËÖªµÄСÐÍǶÈëʽ Linux °æ±¾£º
ETLinux -- Éè¼ÆÓÃÓÚÔÚСÐ͹¤Òµ¼ÆËã»ú£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇ PC/104 Ä£¿éÉÏÔËÐÐµÄ Linux µÄÍêÈ«·Ö·¢°æ¡£
LEM -- ÔËÐÐÔÚ 386 ÉϵÄСÐÍ£¨<8 MB£©¶àÓû§¡¢ÍøÂç Linux °æ±¾¡£
LOAF -- ¡°Linux On A Floppy¡±·Ö·¢°æ,ÔËÐÐÔÚ 386 ÉÏ¡£
uClinux -- ÔÚûÓÐ MMU µÄϵͳÉÏÔËÐÐµÄ Linux¡£Ä¿Ç°Ö§³Ö Motorola 68K¡¢MCF5206 ºÍ MCF5207 ColdFire ΢´¦ÀíÆ÷¡£
uLinux -- ÔÚ 386 ÉÏÔËÐÐµÄ tiny Linux ·Ö·¢°æ¡£
ThinLinux -- ÃæÏòרÓõÄÕÕÏà»ú·þÎñÆ÷¡¢X-10 ¿ØÖÆÆ÷¡¢MP3 ²¥·ÅÆ÷ºÍÆäËüÀàËƵÄǶÈëʽӦÓõÄ×îС»¯µÄ Linux ·Ö·¢°æ¡£
Èí¼þºÍÓ²¼þÒªÇó
Ðí¶àµÄÓû§½Ó¿Ú¹¤¾ßºÍ³ÌÐòÔöÇ¿ÁË Linux »ù±¾Äں˵Ķ๦ÄÜÐÔ¡£¾Í´Ë¶øÂÛ£¬¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ Linux ¿´×÷ÊÇÕâÑùÒ»¸öÁ¬Ðø·¶Î§£¬´ÓÖ»Óд洢Æ÷¹ÜÀí¡¢ÈÎÎñת»»ºÍ¶¨Ê±Æ÷·þÎñ×îС»¯µÄ΢ÄÚºËÒ»Ö±µ½ÍêÕûµÄһϵÁÐÎļþϵͳºÍÍøÂç·þÎñµÄ¹¦ÄÜÍêÉƵķþÎñÆ÷¡£
×îСµÄǶÈëʽ Linux ϵͳ½öÐèÒªÈý¸ö»ù±¾ÔªËØ£º
Òýµ¼ÊµÓóÌÐò
Linux ΢Äںˣ¬ÓÉÄÚ´æ¹ÜÀí¡¢½ø³Ì¹ÜÀíºÍ¶¨Ê±·þÎñ¹¹³É
³õʼ»¯¹ý³Ì
ҪʵÏÖ×îµÍÏ޶ȵŤ×÷ÄÜÁ¦£¬Äú»¹ÐèÒªÌí¼Ó£º
Ó²¼þÇý¶¯³ÌÐò
Ò»¸ö»ò¶à¸öÓ¦Óýø³Ì£¬ÒÔÌṩËùÐ蹦ÄÜ
Ëæ×ÅÒªÇóµÄÔö¼Ó£¬Äú¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÐèÒª£º
Ò»¸öÎļþϵͳ£¨¿ÉÄÜÊÇÔÚ ROM »òÕßÊÇ RAM À
TCP/IP ÍøÂçÕ»
´¢´æ°ë˲̬Êý¾ÝºÍÌṩ½»»»¿Õ¼äµÄ´ÅÅÌ
32 λÄÚÖà CPU£¨ËùÓÐÍêÈ«µÄ Linux ϵͳ¶¼ÐèÒª£©
Ïà¹ØµÄÓ²¼þ·½°¸
ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩÏÖÓеÄΪ Linux ²Ù×÷ϵͳ¶¨ÖƵÄǶÈëʽӲ¼þ·½°¸¡£
PLEB£º´øÓÐ ARM SA-1100 / ArmLinux Ucsimm / Uclinux Flash EPROM µÄÐäÕä Linux ǶÈëʽ»úÆ÷¡£
Linux Lab: Linux Lab ·½°¸Ö¼ÔÚ°ïÖúÈËÃÇ¿ª·¢ Linux Êý¾Ý²É¼¯ºÍ¹ý³Ì¿ØÖÆÈí¼þ¡£Ëü¼Æ»®Ìṩ´ÓÓ²¼þÖ§³Öµ½Ó¦Óÿª·¢µÄ¹ãÀ«·¶Î§ÄÚÓ¦Óõıê×¼»¯¿ª·¢»·¾³¡£
¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÓòÍø£ºLinux GPIB µÄ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÓòÍø£¨CAN£©×ÜÏßÇý¶¯³ÌÐò£»Linux GPIB °üÊÇÒ»¸ö¶ÔÆÕͨ GPIB£¨IEEE 488.1£©Ó²¼þµÄÖ§³Ö°ü¡£Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÖ§³Ö National Instruments AT-GPIB¡¢TNT488.2 ÒÔ¼° PCII ºÍ PCIIa °å¡£Õâ¸ö°üÀïÓÐÍêÕûµÄ¿ª·¢»·¾³£¬°üÀ¨²âÊÔºÍÅäÖù¤¾ß¡¢¿âÒÔ¼°¶Ô tcl ºÍ python ÓïÑÔµÄÖ§³Ö¡£
Ó²¼þƽ̨ѡÏî
ÌôÑ¡×î¼ÑÓ²¼þµÄ¹ý³Ì»áÏ൱¸´ÔÓ£¬ÎÊÌâÆðÔ´ÓÚ¹«Ë¾ÄÚ²¿Õþ²ß¡¢³É¼û¡¢ÆäËü·½°¸µÄÒÅÁôÎÊÌ⡢ȱ·¦È«ÃæµÄ»òÕß¾«È·µÄÐÅÏ¢ÒÔ¼°³É±¾ -- Ð迼ÂÇ×ܵIJúÆ·³É±¾£¬¶ø²»½ö½öÊÇ CPU ±¾Éí¡£ÓÐʱ£¬Ò»µ©°Ñ CPU ʹÓÃÆäËüÍâΧÉ豸Ëù±ØÐèµÄ×ÜÏßÂß¼ºÍÑÓ³Ùʱ¼ä¿¼ÂÇÔÚÄÚ£¬ÄÇô¿ìËÙ¶øÁ®¼ÛµÄ CPU Ò²¿ÉÄܱäµÃ°º¹ó¡£Òª¼ÆËãÈÎÒâ¸ø¶¨µÄÏîÄ¿ËùÐèµÄ CPU Ëٶȣ¬Ê×ÏÈÒªÏÖʵµØ¿´¿´ÎªÁËÍê³ÉÒ»¸ö¸ø¶¨µÄÈÎÎñ CPU µÃÔËÐжà¿ìÈ»ºóÔÙ³ËÒÔÈý¡£»¹ÒªÈ·¶¨×ÜÏßÐèÒªÔËÐжà¿ì¡£Èç¹û»¹Óжþ¼¶×ÜÏߣ¬±ÈÈç PCI ×ÜÏߣ¬ÄÇô½«ËüÃÇÒ²¿¼ÂÇÔÚÄÚ¡£Ò»ÌõÂýµÄ×ÜÏߣ¨¼´Ò»Ìõ±» DMA ͨÐÅ×èÈûµÄ×ÜÏߣ©½«»áÏÔÖø½µµÍ¸ßËÙ CPU µÄËٶȡ£ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩǶÈëʽ Linux Ó¦ÓõÄ×î¼ÑÓ²¼þ½â¾ö·½°¸¡£
Bright Star Engineering£ºBright Star Engineering µÄ ipEngine-1 ÊÇÖ§³ÖǶÈëʽ Linux µÄÐÅÓÿ¨´óСµÄµ¥Æ¬»ú¡£ËüÀûÓÃÁË»ùÓÚ PowerPC µÄ CPU£¬²¢ÌṩÁËÒ»×é°åÉÏÍâÉ裬ÓÐ Ethernet¡¢LCD£¯ÊÓƵ¿ØÖÆÆ÷¡¢USB¡¢´®¿Ú I/O ÒÔ¼°Ò»¸ö 16K ÃŵĿÉÓÉÓû§ÅäÖÃµÄ FPGA¡£BSE µÄǶÈëʽ Linux ÅäÖÃÔÊÐí Linux ´Ó ipEngine µÄ°åÉÏ 4MB ÉÁ´æÖÐÒýµ¼¡£
Calibri£ºCalibriTM-133 Êǽ«Ç¶Èëʽ Linux ×÷ΪÆä²Ù×÷ϵͳÀ´Ê¹ÓõÄÍøÂçÉ豸£¬Ëü·½±ãʹÓᢽô´Õ£¬²¢ÇÒ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ¶àÖÖÓÃ;¡£ËüΪ·À»ðǽ¡¢VPN ºÍ·ÓÉÒªÇóÌṩÁËÒ»ÖÖ¸ßЧ¡¢µÍ³É±¾µÄ½â¾ö·½°¸¡£
EmbeddedPlanet£º EmbeddedPlanet ´´ÔìÁ˺ó PC ʱ´úµÄ¼ÆËã»ú£¬Ëü³öÏÖʱ¾Í×°ÓÐ MontaVista µÄ HardHat Linux¡£ÓÉ»ùÓÚ PowerPC µÄ¼ÆËãÒýÇæºÍÆ¥ÅäµÄ I/O ¿¨Çý¶¯£¬Linux Planet ×°ÔÚÒ»¸ö²ÊÉ«µÄ͸Ã÷ºÐ×ÓÀï²¢ÇÒ´øÓд¥ÃþÆÁ£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎÊÊý×Ö¼°Ä£Äâ I/O¡£
Eurotech£ºEurotech ÌṩÁËǶÈëʽ PC SBC ²¢×ÊÖúÁË ET-Linux£¬Ò»¸öΪÔÚСÐ͹¤Òµ¼ÆËã»úÉÏÔËÐжøרÃÅÉè¼ÆµÄ»ùÓÚ glibc 2.1.2 µÄÍêÈ«µÄ Linux ϵͳ¡£
Microprocess Ingenierie£ºMicroprocess Ϊ²úÒµºÍǶÈëʽÊг¡¿ª·¢¡¢Éú²úÒÔ¼°ÏúÊÛ±ê×¼µÄºÍ¶¨ÖƵIJúÆ·¡£Microprocess ÔÚʵʱÈí¼þ·½Ãæ»î¶¯·¶Î§±é¼°È«Çò£¬²¢¾ßÓÐϵͳ¼¯³ÉµÄרҵ֪ʶ¡£ËüµÄ²úÆ·£¬±ÈÈç 740 PowerPC compactPCI °å¿ÉÒÔÓë±ê×¼µÄ Linux ·Ö·¢°æ»òÕßǶÈëʽ Linux °æ±¾Ò»Æ𶩹º¡£
Moreton Bay£ºMoreton Bay ·¢²¼»ùÓÚ Linux µÄ Internet ·ÓÉÆ÷£¬Æ䷶ΧÔÚ NETtel 2520 ºÍ NETtel 2500 Ö®¼ä¡£ÕâЩСÐ͵ġ¢Ò×ÓÚÁ¬½ÓµÄÖÇÄÜ·ÓÉÆ÷½â¾ö·½°¸Éè¼ÆÖ¼ÔÚΪƽÃæÍøÂçÌṩ¼ò±ã¡¢°²È«ºÍ¼Û¸ñÊÊÖеÄÍⲿÍøÓѺõÄÐéÄâ˽ÓÐÍøÂ磨VPN£©¡£NETtel ·ÓÉÆ÷ϵÁÐÔËÐеÄÊÇǶÈëʽ Linux Äںˡ£ÏÖÓÐÒ»Ì׿ª·¢¹¤¾ßÄܹ»°Ñ¶¨ÖÆ´úÂë´æÔÚÉÁ´æÖв¢ÔÚ NETtel ÄÚ²¿Ö´ÐС£´úÂë¿ÉÄܺ¬ÓÐÌض¨µÄ¼ÓÃÜ»òÕßÉí·ÝÑéÖ¤ÐÒ飬»òÕßÔÚ NETtel ±»ÓÃ×÷Ô¶³Ì¿ØÖÆÉ豸´úÂëʱ£¬»áº¬ÓÐһЩ±¾µØ¼àÊӽű¾¡£
Matrix Orbital£ºÕâÊǸö¿ÉÑ¡µÄ¡¢µ«²»ÊÇÍƼöµÄ¸½¼ÓÏî¡£Matrix Orbital Éú²úµÄһϵÁд®ÐÐ LCD ºÍ VFD ±»Ðí¶à Linux Óû§Ìí¼Óµ½ÁËËûÃǵÄǶÈëʽϵͳÖС£ÕâÌõÉú²úÏߵķ¶Î§°üÀ¨ÁË 8x2 µ½ 40x4 µÄ×Ö·û LCDs¡¢20x2 ºÍ 20x4 µÄ VFD ¼ÓÉÏ 240x64 ͼÐÎ LC£¨128x128 »¹ÔÚÉú²úÖ®ÖУ©¡£ÔËÓÃÏÔʾÆ÷µÄͨÐŲ»ÊÇͨ¹ý RS232 ¾ÍÊÇͨ¹ý I2C ʵÏֵģ¬Á½Õ߶¼ÊÇÆäËùÓÐÄ£¿éÉϵıê×¼¡£Ä£¿éµÄ BIOS Öаüº¬Ò»¸öÈ«ÃæµÄÃüÁ¡£
ʵʱǶÈëʽ Linux Ó¦ÓÃ
ÓйØǶÈëʽϵͳ×îÖØÒªµÄÊÂÎñÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊÇÒªÇóÓÐÒ»¸öʵʱ²Ù×÷ϵͳ¡£ÕâÀïʵʱÓкü¸ÖÖ¶¨Òå¡£¶ÔÓÐЩÈËÀ´Ëµ£¬ÊµÊ±Òâζ×ÅÔÚ 1 ΢ÃëµÄʱ¼äÄÚ¶Ôʼþ×÷³ö·´Ó¦£¬µ«¶ÔÁíÍâһЩÈËÀ´Ëµ£¬ÄǾͿÉÄÜÊÇ 50 ºÁÃëÁË¡£ÊµÊ±µÄÓ²¶ÈÒ²¸÷²»Ïàͬ¡£Ò»Ð©ÏµÍ³ÐèҪӲʵʱÏìÓ¦£¬Ôں̵ܶÄʱ¼äÄÚ¶Ôʼþ×÷³öÈ·¶¨ÐÔÏìÓ¦¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬µ±ÎÒÃǶÔÐí¶àϵͳ½øÐÐ×Ðϸ·ÖÎöʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇ·¢ÏÖÊÂʵÉ϶ÔÏìӦʱ¼äµÄÒªÇóÖ»Êǽӽüʵʱ¡£ÊµÊ±µÄÒªÇó³£³£ÊÇʱ¼äºÍ»º³å¿Õ¼äµÄÕÛÖÔ¡£Ëæ×ÅÄÚ´æÔ½À´Ô½±ãÒË£¬CPU ËÙ¶ÈÔ½À´Ô½¿ì£¬ÏÖÔÚ½Ó½üʵʱ±ÈӲʵʱ¸ü¼Ó³£¼û£¬Ðí¶àÉÌÓõÄËùνʵʱ²Ù×÷ϵͳԶ·ÇӲʵʱ¡£Í¨³£Çé¿öÏ£¬µ±Äú½øÈëÕâЩϵͳµÄÏêϸÉè¼Æ²¿·Öʱ£¬¾ÍÐèÌá¸ß¾¯Ìè±ØÐë·Ç³£×ÐϸµØÉè¼ÆÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄÖжϺÍÓ¦ÓÃÒÔÂú×ãʵʱҪÇó¡£
RT-Linux£¨ÊµÊ±À©Õ¹µÄ Linux ϵͳ£©ÀﺬÓÐʱ¼ä½ôÒªµÄº¯Êý¿ÉÒÔÓÃÖжϹÜÀíÆ÷À´¾«È·¿ØÖÆÖжϴ¦Àí£¬´Ó¶øºÜºÃµØÈ·±£Á˹ؼüÐÔÖжϿÉÒÔÔÚÐèҪʱµÃµ½Ö´ÐС£ÕâÖÖ·½·¨µÄÓ²¶ÈÖ÷Ҫȡ¾öÓÚ CPU ÖжϽṹºÍ»·¾³×ª»»µÄÓ²¼þÖ§³Ö¡£ÕâÖÖ·½·¨¿ÉÒÔÂú×ã¹ã·º·¶Î§ÄÚµÄʵʱҪÇó¡£¼´Ê¹Ã»ÓÐʵʱÀ©Õ¹£¬Linux Ò²Äܺܺõش¦Àí¶à¸öʼþÁ÷¡£ÀýÈ磬ÔËÐÐÓÚµÍ¶Ë Pentium É쵀 Linux PC ϵͳÄÜÈöà¸ö 10BaseT ½Ó¿ÚÓÐЧµØÖ´ÐУ¬Í¬Ê±ÓÖÒÔÈ«ËÙµÄ 56KBPS ÔËÐÐ×Ö·û¼¶´®¿Ú£¬¶ø²»»á¶ªÊ§ÈκÎÊý¾Ý¡£
ÖµµÃ¿¼ÂǵÄʵʱӲ¼þºÍÈí¼þ Linux API ÓÐ RTLinux¡¢RTAI¡¢EL ºÍ Linux-SRT¡£RTLinux ÊÇÒ»¸ö×î³õÔÚÐÂÄ«Î÷¸çÀí¹¤Ñ§Ôº¿ª·¢µÄӲʵʱ Linux API¡£RTAI£¨DIAPM£©ÊÇÓÉ Polytechnic Politecnico di Milano£¨DIAPM£©º½Ì칤³Ì²¿µÄ³ÌÐòÔ±ÃÇ¿ª·¢µÄ RTLinux ʵʱ API µÄ¸±²úÆ·¡£EL/IX ÊÇÒ»¸ö¼Æ»®ÖеĻùÓÚ POSIX Ӳʵʱ Linux API£¬ÓÉ Red Hat ·¢Æð¡£Linux-SRT ÊǸöʵʱ API µÄÈíʵʱÌæ´úÆ·£¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔʹËùÓÐµÄ Linux ³ÌÐòÎÞÐèÐ޸ĻòÕßÖØбàÒë¼´¿ÉÔöÇ¿ÐÔÄÜ¡£
Çë²ÎÔı¾ÎĺóÃæµÄ²Î¿¼×ÊÁϲ¿·Ö£¬²éÕÒÓйØÇ°ÃæÄÚÈݵÄ×ÊÁϺÍһЩ Web Õ¾µã£¬ÄÇÀïÌṩÁËÓÃÓÚ²»Í¬ÀàÐ͵ıê×¼ Linux ²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÈí¼þÀ©Õ¹¡¢¿ª·¢¹¤¾ß¡¢Ö§³ÖÒÔ¼°Åàѵ¿Î³Ì¡£
¶ÌÔݵÄÈ·¶¨ÐÔÏìӦʱ¼ä
ijЩʵʱǶÈëʽϵͳÐèҪѸËÙ¶ÔÍⲿʼþ×÷³öÏìÓ¦£¬ÒÔÍê³ÉÒ»ÏîÌض¨ÈÎÎñ¡£±ÈÈ磬ǶÈëһöµ¼µ¯µÄÒ»¸ö¶¨ÖƵÄ΢¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÔÚÖ¸Òýµ¼µ¯Ãé×¼ËüÖÜΧ»·¾³µÄÒ»¸öÌض¨Ä¿±ê֮ǰ£¬ÐèҪѸËÙ¶ÔÖîÈçÒƶ¯Ä¿±ê¡¢ÌìÆøºÍÈ˵ȵÄÍⲿʼþ×÷³öѸËÙÏìÓ¦¡£¶ÌÔݵÄÈ·¶¨ÐÔÏìӦʱ¼äÊÇָǶÈëʽϵͳ¿ÉÒÔÈ·¶¨Ëü¶ÔÍⲿʼþ×÷³öÏìÓ¦µÄʱ¼ä¡£
ÅäÖò½Öè
ÏÖÔÚÈÃÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´Ò»ÏÂÈçºÎ make LEM£¬ËüÊÇÒ»¸öСÐ͵ĿÉǶÈë Linux ·Ö·¢°æ£¬¼ÈÌṩÍøÂçÓÖÌṩ X ·þÎñÆ÷¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔÏÂÔظ÷ַ¢°æ£¬¾¡¹ÜËü²¢·Ç±ØÐè¡£ÄúÐèÒªÒ»¸öÍêÈ«µÄ Linux ·Ö·¢°æÀ´½¨Á¢×Ô¼ºµÄǶÈëʽ Linux ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÆäÖн«°üÀ¨ÄúËùÐèÒªµÄÒ»ÇУ¨ÊµÓóÌÐò¡¢Ô´´úÂë¡¢±àÒëÆ÷¡¢µ÷ÊÔÆ÷ºÍÎĵµ£©¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÄÜÓÃÀ´ make LEM µÄÈí¼þÁÐ±í£º
TinyLogin£º TinyLogin ÊÇÒ»Ì× tiny UNIX ʵÓóÌÐò£¬ËüÓÃÓڵǼǶÈëʽϵͳ¡¢½ÓÊÜÆäÑéÖ¤Éí·Ý¡¢ÎªÆäÐÞ¸ÄÃÜÂ룬²¢ÄÜά»¤ÆäÓû§ºÍÓû§×顣ΪÁËÔöǿϵͳ°²È«ÐÔËü»¹Ö§³ÖÓ°×Ó¿ÚÁî¡£ÕýÈçËüµÄÃû×ÖËù°µÊ¾µÄ£¬ TinyLogin ·Ç³£Ð¡£¬¶ÔǶÈëʽϵͳÉ쵀 BusyBox ÊǼ«ºÃµÄ²¹³ä¡£
BusyBox£ºBusyBox ÊÇÒ»¸ö¶àµ÷ÓõĶþ½øÖÆÎļþ£¬ËüÌṩÁË POSIX ʽµÄÃüÁîºÍרÓú¯ÊýµÄ×îС×Ó¼¯¡£ËüÊʺÏÓڷdz£Ð¡µÄǶÈëʽϵͳ£¬±ÈÈçÒýµ¼´ÅÅ̵ȵȡ£ÌرðÓÃÓÚ Debian Õü¾È£¯°²×°ÏµÍ³£¨Ëü¼¤·¢Á˶Ô×î³õµÄ BusyBox µÄ¿ª·¢£©¡¢Linux Routeur ·½°¸¡¢LEM¡¢lineo ¼°ÆäËüµØ·½¡£Busybox ÊÇÓÉ Erik Andersen ά»¤µÄ¡£
Ash£ºAsh ÊǸö·Ç³£Ð¡µÄ Bourne shell¡£
Sysvinit£ºSysvinit ÊÇ Linux ×î³£ÓÃµÄ init °ü¡£ÎÒÃǽ«»áÓõ½ init ºÍ C ÓïÑÔ°æ start-stop-daemon¡£
Çë²ÎÔIJο¼×ÊÁϲ¿·ÖÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢¡£
´´½¨Òýµ¼´ÅÅÌ
Òýµ¼´ÅÅ̱¾ÖÊÉÏÊÇÒ»ÕÅ×°ÓÐ΢ËõµÄ¡¢×Ôº¬Ê½ Linux ϵͳµÄÈíÅÌ¡£Ëü¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐÐí¶àºÍÍêÈ«µÄ Linux ϵͳÏàͬµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ÏÂÃæµÄ²ÄÁÏ»ùÓÚ Bootdisk-HOWTO£¨Çë²ÎÔIJο¼×ÊÁÏ£©¡£
µÚ 1 ²½£ºBios
ËùÓÐµÄ PC ϵͳ¶¼ÊÇͨ¹ýÖ´ÐÐ ROM£¨Ã÷È·µØ˵£¬BIOS£©ÖеĴúÂë´ÓÒýµ¼´ÅÅÌµÄ 0 ÖùÃæ 0 ÉÈÇø¼ÓÔØÉÈÇø£¬´Ó¶ø¿ªÊ¼Òýµ¼¹ý³Ì¡£Òýµ¼Çý¶¯Æ÷ͨ³£ÊǵÚÒ»¸öÈíÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷£¨ÔÚ DOS ÏÂÖ¸¶¨Îª A:£¬¶ø Linux ÏÂÖ¸¶¨Îª /dev/fd0£©¡£È»ºó BIOS ÊÔͼִÐÐÕâ¸öÉÈÇø¡£´ó¶àÊý¿ÉÒýµ¼´ÅÅÌµÄ 0 ÖùÃæ 0 ÉÈÇøÉÏ°üÀ¨ÁËÒÔÏÂÁ½ÖÖÄÚÈÝÖеÄÒ»ÖÖ£º
À´×Ô¼ÓÔسÌÐò£¬±ÈÈç LILO µÄ´úÂ룬¸Ã¼ÓÔسÌÐò¶¨Î»¡¢¼ÓÔز¢ÔËÐÐÄÚºËÒÔ¿ªÊ¼Õý³£Òýµ¼
Ò»¸ö²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬±ÈÈç Linux µÄÄںˣ¬µÄ¿ªÍ·²¿·Ö
Èç¹û Linux ÄÚºËÖ±½ÓÂ㿽±´µ½´ÅÅÌ¡¢Ó²ÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷»òÕßÆäËü½éÖÊÉÏ£¬ÄÇô´ÅÅ̵ĵÚÒ»¸öÉÈÇø½«ÊÇ Linux Äں˱¾ÉíµÄµÚÒ»¸öÉÈÇø¡£µÚÒ»¸öÉÈÇø´ÓÒýµ¼É豸ÉϼÓÔØÄں˵ÄÆäÓಿ·Ö¼ÌÐøÒýµ¼¹ý³Ì¡£
µÚ 2 ²½£ºÒýµ¼¼ÓÔسÌÐò
Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃÒ»¸öÏó LILO ÕâÑùµÄ¼ÓÔسÌÐòÖ´ÐÐÒýµ¼¹ý³Ì¡£ËüÔÊÐí¿ª·¢ºÍÉú²úƽ̨ÔÚͬһӲ¼þÉϹ²´æ£¬²¢ÇÒÔÊÐíͨ¹ýÖØÐÂÒýµ¼À´ÊµÏÖ´ÓÒ»¸öƽ̨µ½Áíһƽ̨µÄÇл»¡£LILO Òýµ¼¼ÓÔسÌÐòÊÇÓÉ bios ¼ÓÔصġ£È»ºóËü¼ÓÔØÄں˻òÕßÆäËü²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÒýµ¼ÉÈÇø¡£Ëü»¹ÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÃüÁîÐнӿڣ¬ÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÆäÑ¡Ïî½»»¥µØÑ¡ÔñÒªÒýµ¼µÄÏî¡£Çë²ÎÔIJο¼×ÊÁÏ£¬»ñÈ¡¸ü¶à¹ØÓÚ LILO µÄÐÅÏ¢¡£
µÚ 3 ²½£ºÄÚºË
Äں˼ì²éÓ²¼þ²¢¼ÓÔظùÉ豸£¬È»ºó²éÕÒ¸ùÎļþϵͳµÄ init ³ÌÐò²¢Ö´ÐиóÌÐò¡£
µÚ 4 ²½£ºInit
Init Êǽ«ÒªÔÚÄúµÄ Linux ²Ù×÷ϵͳÉÏÔËÐеÄËùÓÐÆäËü½ø³ÌµÄ¸¸½ø³Ì¡£Ëü»á¹Û²ìÆä×Ó½ø³Ì£¬²¢ÔÚÐèÒªµÄʱºòÆô¶¯¡¢Í£Ö¹¡¢ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ËüÃÇ¡£Init ´Ó /etc/inittab »ñÈ¡ËùÓÐÐÅÏ¢¡£
µÚ 5 ²½£ºInittab
/etc/inittab Îļþͨ¹ýÒýÓÃÃûΪ /etc/rc... µÄ½Å±¾°²×°ÏµÍ³¡£Ëü»¹ÓµÓÐ getty ¹¤¾ßµÄÌõÄ¿ÓÃÀ´´¦ÀíµÇ¼¹ý³Ì¡£
µÚ 6 ²½£ºµÇ¼¹ý³Ì
¶ÔÓÚÿ¸öÔÊÐíÓû§Ê¹ÓõĿØÖÆ̨£¬inittab ÎļþÀﶼÓÐÒ»¸ö getty¡£getty »áÆô¶¯ /bin/login À´ÑéÖ¤Óû§¿ÚÁî¡£
µÚ 7 ²½£º´´½¨ÐµķÖÇø
Õª×Ô LFS-HOWTO£¨Çë²ÎÔIJο¼×ÊÁÏ£©£ºÔÚ°²×°Ð嵀 Linux ϵͳ֮ǰ£¬ÎÒÃÇÐèÒªÒ»¸ö¿ÕµÄ Linux ·ÖÇøÀ´°²×°ÐÂϵͳ¡£Èç¹ûÄúÒѾÓÐÒ»¸ö Linux Native ·ÖÇø¿ÉÓã¬Äú¾Í¿ÉÒÔÌø¹ýÕâÒ»²½ºÍÏÂÃæÒ»²½¡£Ñ¡ÔñºÏÊʵÄÓ²ÅÌ£¨Èç /dev/hda£¬Èç¹ûÄúÏëÔÚ»ù±¾µÄÖ÷ IDE ´ÅÅÌÉϽ¨Á¢ÐµķÖÇøµÄ»°£©Æô¶¯ fdisk ³ÌÐò£¨»òÕß cfdisk£¬Èç¹ûÄú¸üϲ»¶ cfdisk µÄ»°£©¡£´´½¨Ò»¸ö Linux Native ·ÖÇø£¬Ð´Èë·ÖÇø±í²¢Í˳ö (c)fdisk ³ÌÐò¡£Èç¹ûÄú±»Í¨ÖªÐèÒªÖØÐÂÒýµ¼ÏµÍ³ÒÔÈ·±£·ÖÇø±í±»¸üУ¬ÄÇôÇëÔÚ¼ÌÐøÏÂÃæµÄ²½Öè֮ǰÖØÐÂÒýµ¼ÏµÍ³¡£
µÚ 8 ²½£ºÔÚеķÖÇøÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸ö ext2 Îļþϵͳ
Õª×Ô LFS-HOWTO£¨Çë²ÎÔIJο¼×ÊÁÏ£©£ºÎÒÃÇÓà mke2fs ÃüÁî´´½¨Ò»¸öÐ嵀 ext2 Îļþϵͳ¡£°Ñ $LFS ×÷ΪΨһµÄÑ¡ÏÕâÑùÎļþϵͳ¾Í½¨Á¢ÁË¡£´ÓÏÖÔÚÆð£¬ÎÒ½«°ÑÕâ¸öн¨µÄ·ÖÇø³Æ×÷ $EMBPART¡£$EMBPART Ó¦¸Ã±»»»³ÉÄú´´½¨µÄ·ÖÇø¡£
µÚ 9 ²½£º¼ÓÔØ·ÖÇø
ΪÁË·ÃÎÊÕâ¸öн¨µÄÎļþϵͳ£¬Äú±ØÐë°²×°Ëü¡£Òª°²×°·ÖÇø£¬ÄúÒª½¨Á¢Ò»¸ö /mnt/hda? Ŀ¼²¢ÇÒÔÚ shell Ìáʾ·ûÏÂÊäÈëÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ£º
mkdir /mnt/hda?
mount $EMBPART /mnt/hda?
Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ /dev/hda4 ½¨Á¢ÁË·ÖÇø²¢°ÑËü°²×°µ½ /mnt/hda4 ÉÏ£¬ÄÇôÄúÐèÒª·µ»Øµ½°ÑÎļþ¸´ÖƵ½Ä¿Â¼ $EMBPART/usr/sbin ϵÄÄÇÒ»²½£¬²¢°ÑÄǸöÎļþ¸´ÖƵ½Ä¿Â¼ /mnt/hda4/usr/bin Ï¡£Íê³ÉÁËµÚ 14 ²½µÄ×îºóÒ»¸öÃüÁîºóÔÙÖ´ÐÐÕâÒ»²½£¨¸´ÖÆ $EMBPART/usr/sbin Ŀ¼ÏµÄÎļþ£©¡£
µÚ 10 ²½£ºÌî³äÎļþϵͳ
¸ùÎļþϵͳ±ØÐë°üÀ¨Ö§³ÖÒ»¸öÍêÈ«µÄ Linux ϵͳËùÐèµÄÈ«²¿ÄÚÈÝ¡£ÎÒÃǽ«Òª½¨Á¢Ò»¸öÓëÎļþ²ã´Î±ê×¼£¨²Î¼û²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏ£©ÏàÈ¥²»Ô¶µÄĿ¼½á¹¹¡£
µÚ 11 ²½£ºÄ¿Â¼
а²×°µÄÎļþϵͳµÄ mkdir ÃüÁÁ¢ÁËÒÔÏÂĿ¼£º
/proc
proc ÎļþϵͳҪÇóµÄĿ¼´æ¸ù
/etc
ϵͳÅäÖÃÎļþ
/sbin
¹Ø¼üµÄϵͳ¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ
/bin
±»ÊÓΪϵͳ×é³É²¿·ÖµÄ»ù±¾µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ
/lib
Ìṩʵʱ֧³ÖµÄ¹²Ïí¿â
/mnt
ά»¤Óõݲװµã
/usr
¸½¼ÓµÄʵÓóÌÐòºÍÓ¦ÓÃÈí¼þ
cd /mnt/hda/
mkdir bin dev home proc sbin usr boot etc liv mnt root tmp var
mkdir -p usr/bin usr/sbin usr/share usr/lib
mkdir -p etc/config etc/default etc/init.d etc/rc.boot
mkdir -p etc/rc0.d etc/rc1.d etc/rc2.d etc/rc3.d etc/rc4.d etc/rc5.d etc/rc6.d etc/rcS.d
/dev
dev Ŀ¼ÊÇÖ´ÐÐÉ豸ÊäÈ룯Êä³öÒªÇóµÄ´æ¸ù¡£Õâ¸öĿ¼ÏµÄÿ¸öÎļþ¶¼¿ÉÒÔÓà mknod ÃüÁÁ¢¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÖ¸Áî´ÓÄúµÄ×ÀÃæ Linux Ö±½Ó¸´ÖÆÒªÇóµÄ dev ÌõÄ¿ÒÔ½Úʡʱ¼ä£º
cp -dpR /dev /mnt
°²×° TinyLogin ÒÔ¼°µÇ¼´ÓÊôÐèÇó
TinyLogin£¨Çë²ÎÔIJο¼×ÊÁϲ¿·Ö½øÐа²×°£©½«ÎªÄú°²×°²»×ã 35kb µÄÏÂÁй¤¾ß£º
/bin/addgroup¡¢/bin/adduser¡¢/bin/delgroup¡¢/bin/deluser¡¢/bin/login¡¢/bin/su¡¢/sbin/getty¡¢/sbin/sulogin ºÍ /usr/bin/passwd¡£
Çë²ÎÔÄÖ÷ÒªµÄ·¢²¼Îĵµ»òÕßÊÖ²áÒ³ÒÔ»ñµÃ¹ØÓÚÕâЩÃüÁîµÄÏêϸ˵Ã÷¡£
µÚ 12 ²½£ºÅäÖà TinyLogin
Õª×Ô TinyLogin README£ºTinyLogin Ä£¿é»¯ºó¿ÉÒÔ°ïÖúÄúÖ»ÅäÖñØÐèµÄ×é¼þ´Ó¶øËõС¶þ½øÖƳ¤¶È¡£Òª¹Ø±Õ²»ÏëÒªµÄ TinyLogin ×é¼þ£¬Ö»Ðè±à¼ tinylogin.def.h Îļþ²¢Óà C++ ·ç¸ñµÄ£¨//£©×¢Êͽ«Äú²»ÏëÒªµÄ²¿·Ö×¢Ê͵ô¡£
µÚ 13 ²½£º°²×° TinyLogin
ÔÚ±àÒëÍê³ÉÒÔºó£¬Éú³ÉÁËÒ»¸ö tinylogin.links Îļþ£¬ËüËæºó±» make install ÓÃÀ´ÎªËùÓеÄÄÚ±àÒ뺯Êý´´½¨Ö¸Ïò tinylogin ¶þ½øÖÆÎļþµÄ·ûºÅÁ¬½Ó¡£È±Ê¡Çé¿öÏ£¬make install »áÔÚ pwd /_install ÖзÅÈëÒ»¸ö·ûºÅÁ¬½ÓÁÖ£¬³ý·ÇÄúÒѾ¶¨ÒåÁË PREFIX »·¾³±äÁ¿¡£
µÚ 14 ²½£º°²×° Sysvinit ºÍ start-stop daemon
ÔÚÄں˼ÓÔØÍê³Éºó£¬Ëü»áÔËÐÐ init ³ÌÐòÀ´½áÊøÒýµ¼½ø³Ì¡£ÏÖÔÚ£º
½âѹËõ Sysvinit ¹éµµÎļþ
½øÈë src Ŀ¼
¸´ÖÆ $EMBPART/sbin Ŀ¼Ï嵀 init ¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþ
Sysvinit °üÔÚ contrib Ŀ¼ÏÂÒ²ÓÐ C ÓïÑÔ°æµÄ start-stop-daemon¡£
±àÒë
¸´ÖÆ $EMBPART/usr/sbin ϵÄÎļþ
µÚ 15 ²½£ºÅäÖà Sysvinit
Sysvinit ÐèÒªÒ»¸öÃûΪ inittab µÄÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬ËüÓ¦¸ÃÔÚ $EMBPART/etc Ŀ¼Ï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇ LEM ·Ö·¢°æÖÐʹÓõÄÅäÖÃÎļþ£º
Çåµ¥ 1. Inittab ÅäÖýű¾
# /etc/inittab: init( configuration.
# $Id: inittab,v 1.6 1997/01/30 15:03:55 miquels Exp $
# Modified for LEM 2/99 by Sebastien HUET
# default rl.
id:2:initdefault:
# first except in emergency (-b) mode.
si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
# single-user mode.
~~:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin
# /etc/init.d executes the S and K scripts upon change
# 0:halt 1:single-user 2-5:multi-user (5 may be X with xdm or other) 6:reboot.
l0:0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0
l1:1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 6
# CTRL-ALT-DEL pressed.
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -r now
# Action on special keypress (ALT-UpArrow).
kb::kbrequest:/bin/echo "Keyboard Request--edit /etc/inittab to let this work."
# /sbin/mingetty invocations for runlevels.
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty1
2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty2
#3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty tty3 #you may add console there
#4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty tty4
µÚ 16 ²½£º´´½¨³õʼµÄÒýµ¼½Å±¾
¾ÍÏóÔÚ inittab ÎļþÀï¿´µ½µÄÒ»Ñù£¬Sysvinit ÐèÒªÔÚËü×Ô¼ºµÄĿ¼ÏµÄһЩ¸½¼Ó½Å±¾¡£
µÚ 17 ²½£º´´½¨±ØÐèµÄĿ¼ºÍ»ù´¡Îļþ
ÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁîÀ´´´½¨Ä¿Â¼£º
Çåµ¥ 2. ´´½¨Ä¿Â¼ºÍ»ù´¡ÎļþµÄ½Å±¾
cd $EMBPART/etc
mkdir rc0.d rc1.d rc2.d rc3.d rc4.d rc5.d rc6.d init.d rcS.d rc.boot
½øÈë½âѹËõºóµÄ Sysvinit ԴĿ¼
°Ñ debian/etc/init.d/rc ¸´ÖƵ½£º$EMBART/etc/init.d
½øÈë $EMBPART/etc/init.d/ Ŀ¼
´´½¨Ò»¸öÓë LEM ÖеÄÎļþÀàËƵÄÐÂÎļþ rcS£º
Çåµ¥ 3. RCS ½Å±¾
#!/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
runlevel=S
prevlevel=N
umask 022
export PATH runlevel prevlevel
/etc/default/rcS
export VERBOSE
# Trap CTRL-C only in this shell so we can interrupt subprocesses.
trap ":" 2 3 20
# Call all parts in order.
for i in /etc/rcS.d/S??*
do
[ ! -f "$i" ] && continue
case "$i" in
*.sh)
(
trap - 2 3 20
. $i start
)
;;
*)
$i start
;;
esac
done
# run the files in /etc/rc.boot
[ -d /etc/rc.boot ] && run-parts /etc/rc.boot
°Ñ¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþ´ÓÄúµÄ·Ö·¢°æ¸´ÖƵ½ $EMBPART/bin¡£
µÚ 18 ²½£ºÌí¼Ó»ù´¡½Å±¾
ÕâÀïÓõÄÐí¶àÃüÁîÊÇ UNIX/Linux ÃüÁ¶ÔǶÈëÔÚ UNIX shell ½Å±¾ÄÚ²¿µÄ·¾¶½øÐÐÉèÖᢵ¼³öµÈ²Ù×÷¡£
Çåµ¥ 4. ×¢ÊÍÐÐ
´´½¨Ò»¸öÐÂÎļþ reboot£¬Ëü°üº¬ÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ£º
Çåµ¥ 5. Reboot ½Å±¾
#!/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
echo -n "Rebooting... "
reboot -d -f -i
´´½¨ÐÂÎļþ halt£¬Ëü°üº¬ÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ£º
Çåµ¥ 6. Halt ½Å±¾
#!/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
halt -d -f -i -p
×ܽá
ÔÚǶÈëʽӦÓõÄÁìÓòÀ´ÓÒòÌØÍøÉ豸µ½×¨ÓõĿØÖÆϵͳ£¬Linux ²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÇ°¾°¶¼ºÜ¹âÃ÷¡£ËùÓÐÐÂÔìµÄ΢ÐͼÆËã»úоƬÖдóÔ¼ÓÐ 95% ¶¼ÊÇÓÃÓÚǶÈëʽӦÓõġ£ÓÉÓÚ Linux ¹¦ÄÜÇ¿´ó¡¢¿É¿¿¡¢Áé»î¶øÇÒ¾ßÓÐÉìËõÐÔ£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÉÏËüÖ§³Ö´óÁ¿µÄ΢´¦ÀíÆ÷Ìåϵ½á¹¹¡¢Ó²¼þÉ豸¡¢Í¼ÐÎÖ§³ÖºÍͨÐÅÐÒ飬ÕâЩ¶¼Ê¹Ëü×÷ΪÐí¶à·½°¸ºÍ²úÆ·µÄÈí¼þƽ̨ԽÀ´Ô½Á÷ÐС£
ÓÉÓÚ¿ÉÒÔ¹«¿ªÃâ·ÑµÃµ½ Linux Ô´´úÂ룬Òò´Ë¶Ô Linux ºÍËüÖ§³ÖµÄÈí¼þ×é¼þµÄÐí¶àÐ޸ĺÍÅäÖÃÒ²µÃµ½Á˲»¶Ï¸Ä½ø£¬ÒÔÂú×ã²ÉÓà Linux µÄÊг¡ºÍÓ¦ÓõĶàÖÖÐèÇó¡£ÁíÍ⻹ÓÐСÐÍ°æ±¾ºÍʵʱÔöÇ¿°æ±¾¡£¾¡¹Ü Linux ¿ªÊ¼ÊÇ×÷Ϊ PC Ìåϵ½á¹¹µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬µ«ÊÇÏÖÔÚÒѾÓÐÁË·Ç X86 CPU µÄ°æ±¾£¨´ø»ò²»´øÄÚ´æ¿ØÖƵ¥Ôª£©£¬°üÀ¨ PowerPC¡¢ARM¡¢MIPS¡¢68K ÉõÖÁÊÇ΢¿ØÖÆÆ÷¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬Çë×¢Ò⣬ÔÚ²»¾ÃµÄ½«À´£¬ÔÚÐí¶àÆäËüµÄÐÅÏ¢¼¼Êõ£¨IT£©ÁìÓò»á³öÏÖ¸ü¶à£¡