1 Ê×ÏÈÒªÁ˽âµÄ¼¸¸ö¸ÅÄî
1.1 Æô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷
Æô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷ÊÇ´æ´¢ÔÚ´ÅÅÌ¿ªÊ¼ÉÈÇøÖеÄÒ»¶Î³ÌÐò£¬ÀýÈ磬ӲÅ̵ÄMBR(Master Boot Record)£¬ÔÚϵͳÍê³ÉÆô¶¯²âÊÔºó£¬Èç¹ûϵͳÊÇ´ÓMBRÆô¶¯£¬ÔòBIOS(Basic Input/Output System)½«¿ØÖÆ´«Ë͸øMBR¡£È»ºó´æ´¢ÔÚMBRÖеÄÕâ¶Î³ÌÐò½«ÔËÐС£Õâ¶Î³ÌÐò±»³ÆΪÆô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷¡£ËüµÄÈÎÎñ¾ÍÊǽ«¿ØÖÆ´«Ë͸ø²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬Íê³ÉÆô¶¯¹ý³Ì¡·ÓÐÐí¶à¿ÉÓõÄÆô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷£¬°üÀ¨GNU GRUB (Grand Unified Boot Loader),Bootmanager, LILO (LInux LOader), NTLDR (boot loader for Windows NT systems)£¬µÈµÈµÈ.
1.2 ʲôÊÇGRUB?
grub ÊÇÒ»¸ö¶àÖØÆô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷¡£grubÊÇGRand Unified BootloaderµÄËõд£¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¶à¸ö²Ù×÷ϵͳ¹²´æʱѡÔñÒýµ¼Äĸöϵͳ¡£Ëü¿ÉÒÔÒýµ¼µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ°üÀ¨£º
Linux,FreeBSD,Solaris,NetBSD,BeOSi,OS/2,Windows95/98,Windows NT,Windows2000£¬WinXP¡£Ëü¿ÉÒÔÔØÈë²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÄں˺ͳõʼ»¯²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¨ÈçLinux,FreeBSD£©£¬»òÕß°ÑÒýµ¼È¨½»¸ø²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¨ÈçWindows 98£©À´Íê³ÉÒýµ¼¡£
1.3 GRUBµÄÌصã
ÌرðÊÊÓÃÓÚlinuxÓëÆäËü²Ù×÷ϵͳ¹²´æÇé¿ö¡£
Ö§³Ö´óÓ²ÅÌ ÏÖÔÚ´ó¶àÊýLinux·¢Ðа汾µÄlilo¶¼ÓÐͬÑùµÄÒ»¸öÎÊÌ⣺¸ù·ÖÇø(/boot·ÖÇø)²»ÄÜ·ÖÔÚ³¬¹ý1024ÖùÃæµÄµØ·½£¬Ò»°ãÊÇÔÚ8.4G×óÓҵĵط½£¬·ñÔòlilo²»ÄÜ°²×°£¬»òÕß°²×°ºó²»ÄÜÕýÈ·Òýµ¼ÏµÍ³¡£¶øgrub¾Í²»»á³öÏÖÕâÖÖÇé¿ö£¬Ö»Òª°²×°Ê±ÄãµÄ´óÓ²ÅÌÊÇÔÚLBAģʽÏ£¬grub¾Í¿ÉÒÔÒýµ¼¸ù·ÖÇøÔÚ8GÒÔÍâµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ¡£
Ö§³Ö¿ª»ú»Ãæ ¡¡ grubÖ§³ÖÔÚÒýµ¼¿ª»úµÄͬʱÏÔʾһ¸ö¿ª»ú»Ãæ¡£¶ÔÓÚÍæ¼ÒÀ´Ëµ£¬ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔÖÆ×÷×Ô¼ºµÄ¸öÐÔ»¯¿ª»ú»Ã棻¶ÔÓÚPC³§ÉÌ£¬ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¿ª»úʱÏÔʾµçÄÔµÄһЩÐÅÏ¢ºÍ³§É̵ıêÖ¾µÈ¡£grubÖ§³Ö640x480,800x600,1024x768¸÷ÖÖģʽµÄ¿ª»ú»Ã棬¶øÇÒ¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯Õì²âÑ¡Ôñ×î¼Ñģʽ£¬ÓëWindowsÄÇ320x400µÄ¿ª»ú»Ãæ²»¿ÉͬÈÕ¶øÓï¡£
Á½ÖÖÖ´ÐÐģʽ grub²»µ«¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÅäÖÃÎļþ½øÐÐÀýÐеÄÒýµ¼£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÑ¡ÔñÒýµ¼Ç°¶¯Ì¬¸Ä±äÒýµ¼Ê±µÄ²ÎÊý£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔ¶¯Ì¬¼ÓÔظ÷ÖÖÉ豸¡£ÀýÈçÄãÔÚLinuxϱàÒëÁËÒ»¸öеĺËÐÄ£¬µ«²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨ËüÄܲ»Äܹ¤×÷£¬Äã¾Í¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒýµ¼Ê±¶¯Ì¬¸Ä±ägrubµÄ²ÎÊý£¬³¢ÊÔ×°ÔØÕâ¸öеĺËÐĽøÐÐʹÓá£GrubµÄÃüÁîÐÐÓзdz£Ç¿´óµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬¶øÇÒÖ§³ÖÈçbash»òdoskeyÒ»ÑùµÄÀúÊ·¹¦ÄÜ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÓÃÉÏϼüÀ´Ñ°ÕÒÒÔÇ°µÄÃüÁî¡£
²Ëµ¥Ê½Ñ¡Ôñ ¡¡ grubʹÓÃÒ»¸ö²Ëµ¥À´Ñ¡Ôñ²»Í¬µÄϵͳ½øÐÐÒýµ¼¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¼ºÅäÖø÷ÖÖ²ÎÊý£¬ÈçÑÓ³Ùʱ¼ä£¬Ä¬ÈϲÙ×÷ϵͳµÈ¡£
·ÖÇø´óС¸Ä±äºó²»±ØÖØÐÂÅäÖà ¡¡¡¡grubÊÇͨ¹ýÎļþϵͳֱ½Ó°ÑºËÐĶÁÈ¡µ½Äڴ棬Òò´ËÖ»Òª²Ù×÷ϵͳºËÐĵÄ·¾¶Ã»Óиı䣬grub¾Í¿ÉÒÔÒýµ¼ÏµÍ³¡£
³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬Grub»¹ÓÐÐí¶à·Ç³£Ç¿´óµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ÀýÈçÖ§³Ö¶àÖÖÍⲿÉ豸£¬¶¯Ì¬×°ÔزÙ×÷ϵͳÄںˣ¬ÉõÖÁ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÍøÂç×°ÔزÙ×÷ϵͳºËÐÄ¡£GrubÖ§³Ö¶àÖÖÎļþϵͳ£¬Ö§³Ö¶àÖÖ¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþ¸ñʽ£¬Ö§³Ö×Ô¶¯½âѹ£¬¿ÉÒÔÒýµ¼²»Ö§³Ö¶àÖØÒýµ¼µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ,Ö§³ÖÍøÂçÆô¶¯µÈ¡£
1.4 MBRºÍµÚÒ»ÉÈÇø
Äã¿ÉÒÔ¼òµ¥µÄÀí½âΪMBRÊÇÕû¸öÓ²Å̵ÄÎïÀíµÚһλÖÃ,¶øµÚÒ»ÉÈÇøÊÇÓ²Å̵ÄÎïÀíµÚ¶þλÖÃ.
1.5 Ò»¸öGRUBÅäÖÃÎļþ
»ùÓÚ±¾ÀýµÄ·ÖÇøÈçÏ£º
hda 15G
hda1 8G / RED HAT LINUX8.0
hda5 7G /home
hdc 20G
hdc1 6.4G WinXP
hdc5 6.4G
hdc6 6.4G
hdc7 6.4G
#fdisk -l
# Disk /dev/hdc: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 2434 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdc1 * 1 894 7181023+ b Win95 FAT32
/dev/hdc2 895 2434 12370050 f Win95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/hdc5 895 1787 7172991 b Win95 FAT32
/dev/hdc6 1788 2434 5196996 b Win95 FAT32
Disk /dev/hda: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 1867 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 1020 8193118+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 1021 1802 6281415 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 1803 1867 522112+ 82 Linux swap
grub.conf,Õâ¸öÎļþλÓÚ;/boot/grub/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/hda1
# initrd /boot/initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/hda
default=0
timeout=3
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.18-14)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14 ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /boot/initrd-2.4.18-14.img
title Microsoft Windows XP
map (hd0) (hd1)
map (hd1) (hd0)
root (hd1,0)
chainloader (hd1,0)+1
makeactive
boot
2 ½â¶Ágrub.confÎļþ
ÎÒÃǽ«À´¿´¿´grub.confÎļþÄÚÓï¾ä,(×¢:...)ÄڵĶ«Î÷ÊÇÎÒÃǵĽâ¶ÁÄÚÈÝ.
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/hda1
# initrd /boot/initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/hda (×¢:ÒÔÉÏÒÔ·ûºÅ¾®£¢£££¢¿ªÍ·µÄÐбíʾ±»×¢Ê͵ô£¬Ã»ÓÐÈκÎÒâÒå)
default=0 (×¢:ĬÈϵIJÙ×÷ϵͳ¾ÍÊÇÓÉdefault¿ØÖƵġ£defaultºó¼ÓÒ»¸öÊý×Ön£¬±íÃ÷ÊÇµÚ n£«1¸ö¡£ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ£¬GRUBÖУ¬¼ÆÊýÊÇ´Ó0¿ªÊ¼µÄ£¬µÚÒ»¸öÓ²ÅÌÊÇhd0£¬µÚÒ» ¸öÈíÇýÊÇfd0£¬µÈµÈ¡£ËùÒÔ£¬default 0 ±íʾĬÈϵIJÙ×÷ϵͳÔÚÕâ¶ùÊÇ Red Hat Linux (2.4.18-14)Èç¹ûÄãÐ޸ijÉ1¾ÍÊÇWinXPÁË)
timeout=3 (×¢:timeout±íʾĬÈϵȴýµÄʱ¼ä£¬Õâ¶ùÊÇ3ÃëÖÓ¡£³¬¹ý3Ã룬Óû§»¹Ã»ÓÐ×÷³öÑ¡ ÔñµÄ»°£¬ÏµÍ³½«×Ô¶¯Ñ¡ÔñĬÈϵIJÙ×÷ϵͳ;µ±È»Äã¿ÉÒԸijÉÈκÎÄãÀÖÒâµÄʱ¼ä)
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz (×¢:Ö¸¶¨¿ª»ú»ÃæÎļþsplash.xpm.gzµÄλÖÃ)
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.18-14) (×¢:±íʾRed Hat LinuxµÄ²Ëµ¥Ïî)
root (hd0,0) (×¢:±íʾµÚÒ»¸öÓ²Å̵ÚÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø,ÕâÀïµÄrootºÍϵ ͳÄÚµÄroot²»ÊÇÒ»ÂëÊÂ!ÏêϸÈçÏÂ˵Ã÷)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14 ro root=LABEL=/ (×¢:Ö¸¶¨Äں˵ÄλÖÃ,Ïêϸ˵Ã÷ÈçÏ ÎÄ)
initrd /boot/initrd-2.4.18-14.img (×¢:³õʼ»¯)
title Microsoft Windows XP (×¢:±íʾMicrosoft Windows XPµÄ²Ëµ¥Ïî)
map (hd0) (hd1) (×¢:mapÊÇÃüÁî,ÏêϸÈçÏÂ)
map (hd1) (hd0)
root (hd1,0) (×¢:ÕâÊÇÖ¸µÚ¶þ¸öÓ²ÅÌ(´ÓÓ²ÅÌ)ÉϵÚÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø)
chainloader (hd1,0)+1 (×¢:Á´Ê½×°ÈëÆ÷,×°ÈëÒ»¸öÉÈÇøµÄÊý¾ÝÈ»ºó°ÑÒýµ¼ Ȩ½»¸øËü¡£Ïêϸ˵Ã÷ÈçÏÂ)
makeactive
boot
(×¢:ÔÚ Linux ÖУ¬µ±Ì¸µ½ "root" Îļþϵͳʱ£¬Í¨³£ÊÇÖ¸Ö÷ Linux ·ÖÇø¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬GRUB ÓÐËü×Ô¼ºµÄ root ·ÖÇø¶¨Òå¡£GRUB µÄ root ·ÖÇøÊDZ£´æ Linux Äں˵ķÖÇø¡£Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÄúµÄÕýʽ root Îļþϵͳ£¬Ò²¿ÉÄܲ»ÊÇ¡£ÎÒÃÇÌÖÂÛµÄÊÇ GRUB£¬ÐèÒªÖ¸¶¨ GRUB µÄ root ·ÖÇø¡£½øÈë root ·ÖÇøʱ£¬GRUB ½«°ÑÕâ¸ö·ÖÇø°²×°³ÉÖ»¶ÁÐÍ£¬ÕâÑù¾Í¿ÉÒԴӸ÷ÖÇøÖÐ×°Èë Linux Äںˡ£GRUB µÄÒ»¸öºÜ¡°¿á¡±µÄ¹¦ÄÜÊÇËü¿ÉÒÔ¶ÁÈ¡±¾»úµÄ FAT¡¢FFS¡¢minix¡¢ext2 ºÍ ReiserFS ·ÖÇø.µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬Äú¿ÉÄÜ»á¸Ðµ½Ò»µãÒÉ»ó£¬ÒòΪ GRUB ËùʹÓõÄÓ²ÅÌ£¯·ÖÇøÃüÃûÔ¼¶¨Óë Linux ʹÓõÄÃüÃûÔ¼¶¨²»Í¬¡£ÔÚLinux ÖУ¬µÚÒ»¸öÓ²Å̵ĵÚÎå¸ö·ÖÇø³Æ×÷ "hda5"¡£¶ø GRUB °ÑÕâ¸ö·ÖÇø³Æ×÷ "(hd0,4)"¡£GRUB ¶ÔÓ²Å̺ͷÖÇøµÄ±àºÅ¶¼ÊÇ´Ó 0 ¿ªÊ¼¼ÆËã¡£ÁíÍ⣬ӲÅ̺ͷÖÇø¶¼ÓöººÅ·Ö¸ô£¬Õû¸ö±í´ïʽÓÃÀ¨ºÅÀ¨Æð¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÏÖÈç¹ûÒªÒýµ¼ Linux Ó²ÅÌ hda5£¬Ó¦ÊäÈë "root (hd0,4)"¡£
ÖªµÀÁËÄÚºËÔÚÄĶù£¬»¹Òª¾ßÌåÖ¸³öÄĸöÎļþÊÇÄÚºËÎļþ£¬Õâ¾ÍÊÇkernelµÄ¹¤×÷¡£
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14 ro root=LABEL=/˵Ã÷/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14¾ÍÊÇÒªÔØÈëµÄÄںˡ£ºóÃæµÄ¶¼ÊÇ´«µÝ¸øÄں˵IJÎÊý¡£root=LABEL=/¾ÍÊÇlinuxµÄÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇø±íʾ·¨£¬roÊÇreadonlyµÄÒâ˼¡£initrdÓÃÀ´³õʼµÄlinux image£¬²¢ÉèÖÃÏàÓ¦µÄ²ÎÊý¡£
ÃüÁîmap:µ±ÄãÓÐÁ½¿éÓ²ÅÌ£¬Ò»¸öÎÞ·¨´ÓµÚ¶þ¿éÓ²ÅÌÆô¶¯µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÀýÈçWindowsxp£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃmapÃüÁî.ÄãÄܹ»½«hd0Ó³ÉäΪhd1£¬½«hd1Ó³ÉäΪhd0¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÐéÄâµÄ½»»»Á½¸öÓ²Å̶øÆô¶¯ËùÐèÒªµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ ¡£ÃüÁîÐÎʽÈçÏ£º
grub> map (hd0) (hd1)
grub> map (hd1) (hd0)
GRUB ʹÓÃÁË¡°Á´Ê½×°ÈëÆ÷¡±(chainloader)¡£Á´Ê½×°ÈëÆ÷´Ó·ÖÇø (hd1,0) µÄÒýµ¼¼Ç¼ÖÐ×°Èëwinxp×Ô¼ºµÄÒýµ¼×°ÈëÆ÷£¬È»ºóÒýµ¼Ëü¡£Õâ¾ÍÊÇÕâÖÖ¼¼Êõ½Ð×öÁ´Ê½×°ÈëµÄÔÒò -- Ëü´´½¨ÁËÒ»¸ö´ÓÒýµ¼×°ÈëÆ÷µ½ÁíÒ»¸öµÄÁ´¡£ÕâÖÖÁ´Ê½×°Èë¼¼Êõ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚÒýµ¼Èκΰ汾µÄ DOS »ò Windows¡£
GRUBµÄÅäÖÃÎļþÒª¼òµ¥¾ÍÕâô¼òµ¥£¬Èç¹ûÄãÒª¸ü¸öÐÔ»¯Ò»µã£¬ÊÔÒ»ÊÔ°Ñ¡°color light-gray/blue ¡±¼ÓÔÚdefaultÓï¾äµÄÏÂÃ棬ÏÂÒ»´ÎÆô¶¯GRUBʱ£¬¿´¿´ÓÐʲô±ä»¯£¬ÔÙÊÔÒ»ÊÔ¡°color light-blue/red",¾ªÏ²Â𣿠ÓÐȤ°É! )
3 ÈçºÎʹÓÃgrub?
3.1 °²×°
Äã¿ÉÒÔ´Óftp://alpha.gnu.org/pub/gnu/grub ÏÂÔØGRUBµÄÔ´´úÂë¡£
µÃµ½Îļþgrub-0.5.96.1.tar.gz£¬ËùÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º
# tar -xvzf grub-0.5.96.1.tar.gz
Õâ¸öÃüÁ½â¿ªµÄÎļþºÍĿ¼·ÅÔÚÒ»¸öÃûΪgrub-0.5.96.1µÄĿ¼ÖС£ÏÖÔÚÔËÐÐÈç
ÏÂÃüÁ
#cd grub-0.5.96.1
# ./configure
Èç¹ûÄãÏ붨ÖÆGRUB£¬Ê¹Ö®°üº¬Á÷ÐеÄÎļþϵͳºÍ¶ÔÍø¿¨µÄÖ§³Ö£¬»òÕßɾ³ýÄã²»ÐèÒªµÄÍø¿¨£¬¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÈçÏÂÃüÁ
# ./configure --help
Õâ¸öÃüÁÊä³öËùÓеÄÃüÁîÑ¡Ïî¡£ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ--enableºÍ--disableÑ¡ÏîÔö¼Ó»ò
ɾ³ý¶ÔÌض¨Íø¿¨µÄÖ§³Ö¡££¨×¢Ò⣺GRUBÖ§³ÖÍøÂçÆô¶¯£©
ΪÁË¿ªÊ¼±àÒë¹ý³Ì£¬¼üÈëÈçÏÂÃüÁ
# make
# make install
ÖÁ´ËÄãÒѾΪ°²×°GRUBÕæÕý×öºÃÁË×¼±¸¡£
½«GRUBµÄÏà¹ØÎļþ±£´æÔÚÖîÈç/boot/grubµÄĿ¼ÖÐÊÇÒ»¸öºÃÖ÷Ò⡣Ϊ´Ë£¬°´Èçϲ½Ö裺
1£®Ä¬ÈÏ״̬Ï£¬GRUBËùÓÐÎļþ½«°²×°ÔÚ/usr/share/grub/i386-pc(»òÕßÔÚ
/usr/local/share/grub/i386-pcĿ¼Ï£¬Õâֻȡ¾öÓÚÄãµÄshell±äÁ¿µÄÉèÖá£)
2£®½¨Á¢Ò»¸ö½Ð×ö/boot/grubµÄĿ¼£¬È»ºó¿½±´ÏÂÁÐÎļþµ½Õâ¸öĿ¼£º
stage1 stage2 * stage1 5
ÉÔºò½«½âÊÍÕâЩÎļþ¡£Í¬Ê±Ò²Òª°ÑGRUB(¿ÉÄÜÔÚ/usr/sbin»òÕß/usr/local/sbin
Ŀ¼ÏÂ)¿½±´µ½/boot/grubĿ¼Ï¡£
°²×°GRUB¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪÈý¸öµ¥¶ÀµÄ²½Ö裺
1£®½«¡°stage1¡±°²×°µ½MBRÖС£
2£®ÉèÖá°stage2¡±µÄµØÖ·»òÕßλÖá£
3£®ÉèÖÃÒ»¸ö²Ëµ¥»òÑ¡ÏÓÃÀ´¾ö¶¨Æô¶¯ÄÄÒ»¸ö²Ù×÷ϵͳ¡£
ʹÓÃÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁʼ°²×°GRUB¡£
#cd /boot/grub
# ./grub
Õâ¸öÃüÁî¸ù¾ÝBIOSµÄÉèÖüì²âÓ²¼þÉ豸£¬Í¬Ê±²úÉúһЩÊä³öÐÅÏ¢¡£Õâ»á»¨½Ï³¤µÄʱ¼ä¡£
end_request: I/O error, dev 02:00 (floppy), sector 0
GRUB version 0.5.96.1 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)
TAB¼ü¿ÉÁгö¿ÉÄܵÄÃüÁîÁÐ±í¡£ÆäËüÇé¿öÏÂTAB»áÁгöÉ豸»òÎļþÃû¡£ÀàËÆÏÂÃæµÄÌáʾ»á³öÏÖ£º
grub>
ÏÖÔÚ£¬¼ÙÉèÄ㽫Linux°²×°ÔÚÁ˵ÚÒ»¿éÓ²Å̵ĵÚÒ»¸ö·ÖÇøÖлòÕß/dev/hda1ÖС£¼ÇסGRUBµÄÃüÃû¹æÔò£¬½«ÉÏÃæµÄÃû×Ö¸ÄΪ(hd0,0)¡£¼üÈëÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ
grub> install (hd0,0)/boot/grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0,0)/boot/grub/stage2
p (hd0,0)/boot/grub/menu.conf
ÏÖÔÚ·ÖÎöÒ»ÏÂÕâ¸öÃüÁîµÄϸ½Ú¡£
install
Ò»¸öÄÚÖõÄÃüÁËü¸æËßGRUB½«(hd0,0)/boot/grub/stage1°²×°µ½hd0µÄÖ÷Òýµ¼¼Í¼ÖС£
(hd0,0)/boot/grub/stage2
¸æËßGRUB stage2Ó³ÏóµÄλÖá£
p with the the following options: (hd0,0)/boot/grub/menu.conf
Ϊ²Ëµ¥µÄÏÔʾÉèÖÃÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£
ÏÂÃæÊǶÔÕâ¸öÃüÁîÓ÷¨µÄ×ܽ᣺
1£®install
2£®ource_of_stage1
3£®where_to_install
4£®source_of_stage2
5£®p source_of_configuration_file
ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÄãÍê³ÉÁËÓ²ÅÌÉϵĻù±¾°²×°¹¤×÷¡£
ÔÚÈíÅÌÉϵݲװ£º
ΪÁËÔÚÈíÅÌÉÏ°²×°GRUB£¬ÄãÒª»áÓá°dd¡±ÃüÁ²¢ÇÒÁ˽âËüÊÇÈçºÎ¹¤×÷µÄ¡£ÎªÁË×öÒ»ÕÅGRUBÆô¶¯ÅÌ£¬ÄãÒª½«stage1ºÍstage2Îļþ·Åµ½ÈíÅ̵ĿªÊ¼ÉÈÇøÖС£
°²×°stage1µ½ÈíÅÌÉÏ£º
²åÈëÒ»ÕÅÒѸñʽ»¯µÄÈíÅÌ£¬¼üÈëÃüÁ
# dd if=stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
ÃüÁîµÄÏêϸ˵Ã÷ÈçÏ£º
if=input file
i.e., stage1
of=output file
i.e., floppy drive (this may be different on your computer)
bs=bytes to read and write
Here it is 512 bytes.
count=how many times to perform this operation
ÿ´Î¿½±´¡°bs¡±ÊýÄ¿µÄ¿éµ½Ä¿±êµØÖ·¡£
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title Red Hat Linux (2.4.18-14)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14 ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /boot/initrd-2.4.18-14.img
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title Windoze
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
makeactive
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boot
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title Microsoft Windows XP
map (hd0) (hd1)
map (hd1) (hd0)
root (hd1,0)
chainloader (hd1,0)+1
makeactive
boot
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title My Entry
lock
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hide (hd0,1)
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1
boot
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title Family Entry
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hide (hd0,0)
rootnoverify (hd0,1)
makeactive
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boot
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title FreeBSD 4.0
root (hd0,4,a)
kernel /boot/loader
boot
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grub> root (hd0,
ÏÖÔÚ£¬¼ÌÐø²Ù×÷£¬ÔÙ°´Ò»´Î Tab ¼ü¡£GRUB ½«ÏÔʾÌض¨Ó²ÅÌÉÏËùÓзÖÇøµÄÁÐ±í£¬ÒÔ¼°ËüÃǵÄÎļþϵͳÀàÐÍ¡£ÔÚÎÒµÄϵͳÖУ¬°´ Tab ¼üʱµÃµ½ÒÔÏÂÁÐ±í£º
grub> root (hd0, (tab£¬°´tabһϼü)
Possible partitions are:
Partition num: 0, Filesystem type is fat, partition type 0x6
Partition num: 2, Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
Partition num: 4, Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0x7
Partition num: 5, Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
Partition num: 6, Filesystem type is fat, partition type 0xb
Partition num: 7, Filesystem type is fat, partition type 0xb
Partition num: 8, Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
Partition num: 9, Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0x82
ÈçÄúËù¼û£¬GRUB µÄ½»»¥Ê½Ó²Å̺ͷÖÇøÃû³ÆʵÏÖ¹¦Äܷdz£ÓÐÌõÀí¡£ÕâЩ£¬Ö»ÐèÒªºÃºÃÀí½â GRUB ÐÂÆæµÄÓ²Å̺ͷÖÇøÃüÃûÓï·¨£¬È»ºó¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¼ÌÐø²Ù×÷ÁË
grub> root (hd0,8)
ÏÖÔÚÒÑ°²×°ÁË root Îļþϵͳ£¬µ½×°ÈëÄں˵ÄʱºòÁË
grub> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.2 root=/dev/hda5 ro
[Linux-bzImage, setup=0x1200, size=0xe1a30]
ÄúÒѾ°²×°ÁË root Îļþϵͳ²¢×°ÈëÁËÄںˡ£ÏÖÔÚ£¬¿ÉÒÔÒýµ¼ÁË¡£Ö»ÒªÊäÈë "boot"£¬Linux Òýµ¼¹ý³Ì¾Í½«¿ªÊ¼¡£ÊDz»ÊǺÜcool°¡£¬GRUBµÄmenu.lst¸üÏñÒ»¸ölinuxϵĽű¾³ÌÐò¡£
5 ³£¼ûgrub³ý´í·½·¨µÄ˼·
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ÓÃÈíÅÌ»ò¹âÅÌÆô¶¯£¬È»ºóÔÚÆô¶¯µÄÌáʾ·ûÊäÈë:linux rescue
°´ÕÕÌáʾ½øÈëÒ»¸öShell״̬£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔµ½/mnt/ÏÂÃæ¿´µ½Ò»¸ösysimageÕâôĿ¼£¬½øÈ¥ÒԺ󣬾ÍÊÇÄã°²×°linuxµÄ/·ÖÇø.
ʹÓÃÃüÁ¸ù·ÖÇø±äΪµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼µÄ¸ù·ÖÇø:chroot /mnt/sysimage
È»ºóתµ½/sbin/Õâ¸öĿ¼ÖÐ.
ʹÓÃfdisk -l ÏÔʾµ±Ç°·ÖÇøÇé¿ö£¬È»ºóʹÓÃ#grub-install /dev/hdx(xΪÄãʹÓõÄÊÇÄÇ¿éÓ²ÅÌ°²×°µÄ£¬Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏÂÊÇhda)
ʹÓÃexitÍƳöchroot£¬ÔÙʹÓÃexitÍ˳ölinux rescueģʽ£¬ÏµÍ³½«ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯£¡È¡³ö¹âÅÌ£¬Ó¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½grub°²×°ºÃÁË.
ÔÚ¾ßÌåµÄ»·¾³ÖУ¬±à¼/boot/grub/grub.confÎļþºÍmenu.lstÎļþ.
Ñô¹âÇ峿 ÓÚ 2006-04-05 11:57:14·¢±í:
ÎÒ°Ñgrub°²×°µ½uÅÌÉÏÁË£¬ÓÖÔÚuÅ̽¨Á¢Á˸ùÎļþϵͳ£¬ÏëÈÃgrubÒýµ¼ÎÒuÅÌÉϵÄÄںˣ¬Ò»ÇÐ×¼±¸¾ÍÐ÷£¬ÉèÖÃÖ÷°åusb-hddÆô¶¯£¬³öÏÖÁËgrubÒýµ¼²Ëµ¥£¬Ñ¡ÔñuÅÌÉϵÄÄں˽øÈ¥³öÏÖ´íÎ󣬸æËßÎÒroot filesystem unknown ,
×îϱ߻¹ÓÐÒ»¾ä£ºerror17£ºcouldn't mounted selected partion.ÇëÎÊÊÇÔõô»ØÊ£¿
owenchn ÓÚ 2006-03-24 10:48:14·¢±í:
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