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:OUTPUT DROP [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i eth1 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
COMMIT
# Completed on Wed Apr 24 10:19:55 2002
# Generated by iptables-save v1.2.6a on Wed Apr 24 10:19:55 2002
*mangle
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [658:32445]
:INPUT ACCEPT [658:32445]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [891:68234]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [891:68234]
COMMIT
# Completed on Wed Apr 24 10:19:55 2002
# Generated by iptables-save v1.2.6a on Wed Apr 24 10:19:55 2002
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [1:229]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [3:450]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [3:450]
-A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source 195.233.192.1
COMMIT
# Completed on Wed Apr 24 10:19:55 2002
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iptables-save -c > /etc/iptables-save
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5.4. iptables-restore
iptables-restoreÓÃÀ´×°ÔØÓÉiptables-save±£´æµÄ¹æÔò¼¯¡£²»ÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬ËüÖ»ÄÜ´Ó±ê×¼ÊäÈë½ÓÊÜÊäÈ룬¶ø²»ÄÜ´ÓÎļþ½ÓÊÜ¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇËüµÄÊ·½·¨£º
iptables-restore [-c] [-n]
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Chapter 6. ¹æÔòÊÇÈçºÎÁ·³ÉµÄ
±¾Õ½«ÏêϸµØÌÖÂÛÈçºÎ¹¹¼þÄã×Ô¼ºµÄ¹æÔò¡£¹æÔò¾ÍÊÇÖ¸Ïò±ê£¬ÔÚÒ»ÌõÁ´ÉÏ£¬¶Ô²»Í¬µÄÁ¬½ÓºÍÊý¾Ý°ü×èÈû»òÔÊÐíËüÃÇÈ¥ÏòºÎ´¦¡£²åÈëÁ´µÄÿһÐж¼ÊÇÒ»Ìõ¹æÔò¡£ÎÒÃÇÒ²»áÌÖÂÛ»ù±¾µÄmatche¼°ÆäÓ÷¨£¬»¹Óи÷ÖÖ¸÷ÑùµÄtarget£¬ÒÔ¼°ÈçºÎ½¨Á¢ÎÒÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄtarget£¨±ÈÈ磬һ¸öеÄ×ÓÁ´£©¡£
6.1. »ù´¡
ÎÒÃÇÒѾ½âÊÍÁËʲôÊǹæÔò£¬ÔÚÄں˿´À´£¬¹æÔò¾ÍÊǾö¶¨ÈçºÎ´¦ÀíÒ»¸ö°üµÄÓï¾ä¡£Èç¹ûÒ»¸ö°ü·ûºÏËùÓеÄÌõ¼þ£¨¾ÍÊÇ·ûºÏmatcheÓï¾ä£©£¬ÎÒÃǾÍÔËÐÐtarget»òjumpÖ¸Áî¡£Êéд¹æÔòµÄÓï·¨¸ñʽÊÇ£º
iptables [-t table] command [match] [target/jump]
¶ÔÓÚÕâ¸ö¾ä·¨Ã»Ê²Ã´¿É˵µÄ£¬µ«×¢ÒâtargetÖ¸Áî±ØÐëÔÚ×îºó¡£ÎªÁËÒ׶Á£¬ÎÒÃÇÒ»°ãÓÃÕâÖÖÓï·¨¡£×ÜÖ®£¬Ä㽫¼ûµ½µÄ´ó²¿·Ö¹æÔò¶¼ÊÇ°´ÕâÖÖÓ﷨дµÄ¡£Òò´Ë£¬Èç¹ûÄã¿´µ½±ðÈËдµÄ¹æÔò£¬ÄãºÜ¿ÉÄܻᷢÏÖÓõÄÒ²ÊÇÕâÖÖÓï·¨£¬µ±È»¾ÍºÜÈÝÒ×Àí½âÄÇЩ¹æÔòÁË¡£
Èç¹ûÄã²»ÏëÓñê×¼µÄ±í£¬¾ÍÒªÔÚ[table]´¦Ö¸¶¨±íÃû¡£Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏÂûÓбØÒªÖ¸¶¨Ê¹ÓÃµÄ±í£¬ÒòΪiptables ĬÈÏʹÓÃfilter±íÀ´Ö´ÐÐËùÓеÄÃüÁҲûÓбØÒª·ÇµÃÔÚÕâÀïÖ¸¶¨±íÃû£¬Êµ¼ÊÉϼ¸ºõ¿ÉÔÚ¹æÔòµÄÈκεط½¡£µ±È»£¬°Ñ±íÃûÔÚ¿ªÊ¼´¦ÒѾÊÇÔ¼¶¨Ë׳ɵıê×¼¡£
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matchϸÖµØÃèÊöÁË°üµÄij¸öÌص㣬ÒÔʹÕâ¸ö°üÇø±ðÓÚÆäËüËùÓеİü¡£ÔÚÕâÀÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨°üµÄÀ´Ô´IP µØÖ·£¬ÍøÂç½Ó¿Ú£¬¶Ë¿Ú£¬ÐÒéÀàÐÍ£¬»òÕßÆäËûʲô¡£ÏÂÃæÎÒÃǽ«»á¿´µ½Ðí¶à²»Í¬µÄmatch¡£
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6.2. Tables
Ñ¡Ïî-tÓÃÀ´Ö¸¶¨Ê¹ÓÃÄĸö±í£¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔÊÇÏÂÃæ½éÉܵıíÖеÄÈκÎÒ»¸ö£¬Ä¬ÈϵÄÊÇ filter±í¡£×¢Ò⣬ÏÂÃæµÄ½éÉÜÖ»ÊÇÕ½ڱíºÍÁ´µÄÕªÒª¡£
Table 6-1. Tables
Table £¨±íÃû£© Explanation £¨×¢ÊÍ£©
nat nat±íµÄÖ÷ÒªÓô¦ÊÇÍøÂçµØַת»»£¬¼´Network Address Translation£¬ËõдΪNAT¡£×ö¹ýNAT²Ù×÷µÄÊý¾Ý°üµÄµØÖ·¾Í±»¸Ä±äÁË£¬µ±È»ÕâÖָıäÊǸù¾ÝÎÒÃǵĹæÔò½øÐеġ£ÊôÓÚÒ»¸öÁ÷µÄ°üÖ»»á¾¹ýÕâ¸ö±íÒ»´Î¡£Èç¹ûµÚÒ»¸ö°ü±»ÔÊÐí×öNAT»òMasqueraded£¬ÄÇôÓàϵİü¶¼»á×Ô¶¯µØ±»×öÏàͬµÄ²Ù×÷¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬Óàϵİü²»»áÔÙͨ¹ýÕâ¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸öÒ»¸öµÄ±» NAT£¬¶øÊÇ×Ô¶¯µØÍê³É¡£Õâ¾ÍÊÇÎÒÃÇΪʲô²»Ó¦¸ÃÔÚÕâ¸ö±íÖÐ×öÈκιýÂ˵ÄÖ÷ÒªÔÒò£¬¶ÔÕâÒ»µã£¬ºóÃæ»áÓиü¼ÓÏêϸµÄÌÖÂÛ¡£PREROUTING Á´µÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇÔÚ°ü¸Õ¸Õµ½´ï·À»ðǽʱ¸Ä±äËüµÄÄ¿µÄµØÖ·£¬Èç¹ûÐèÒªµÄ»°¡£OUTPUTÁ´¸Ä±ä±¾µØ²úÉúµÄ°üµÄÄ¿µÄµØÖ·¡£POSTROUTINGÁ´ÔÚ°ü¾ÍÒªÀ뿪·À»ðǽ֮ǰ¸Ä±äÆäÔ´µØÖ·¡£
mangle Õâ¸ö±íÖ÷ÒªÓÃÀ´mangleÊý¾Ý°ü¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒԸı䲻ͬµÄ°ü¼°°üÍ·µÄÄÚÈÝ£¬±ÈÈç TTL£¬TOS»òMARK¡£×¢ÒâMARK²¢Ã»ÓÐÕæÕýµØ¸Ä¶¯Êý¾Ý°ü£¬ËüÖ»ÊÇÔÚÄں˿ռäΪ°üÉèÁËÒ»¸ö±ê¼Ç¡£·À»ðǽÄÚµÄÆäËûµÄ¹æÔò»ò³ÌÐò£¨Èçtc£©¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÕâÖÖ±ê¼Ç¶Ô°ü½øÐйýÂË»ò¸ß¼¶Â·ÓÉ¡£Õâ¸ö±íÓÐÎå¸öÄÚ½¨µÄÁ´£º PREROUTING£¬POSTROUTING£¬ OUTPUT£¬INPUTºÍ FORWARD¡£PREROUTINGÔÚ°ü½øÈë·À»ðǽ֮ºó¡¢Â·ÓÉÅжÏ֮ǰ¸Ä±ä°ü£¬POSTROUTINGÊÇÔÚËùÓзÓÉÅжÏÖ®ºó¡£ OUTPUTÔÚÈ·¶¨°üµÄÄ¿µÄ֮ǰ¸ü¸ÄÊý¾Ý°ü¡£INPUTÔÚ°ü±»Â·Óɵ½±¾µØÖ®ºó£¬µ«ÔÚÓû§¿Õ¼äµÄ³ÌÐò¿´µ½Ëü֮ǰ¸Ä±ä°ü¡£FORWARDÔÚ×î³õµÄ·ÓÉÅжÏÖ®ºó¡¢×îºóÒ»´Î¸ü¸Ä°üµÄÄ¿µÄ֮ǰmangle°ü¡£×¢Ò⣬mangle±í²»ÄÜ×öÈκÎNAT£¬ËüÖ»ÊǸıäÊý¾Ý°üµÄ TTL£¬TOS»òMARK£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÆäÔ´Ä¿µØÖ·¡£NATÊÇÔÚnat±íÖвÙ×÷µÄ¡£
filter filter±íÊÇרÃŹýÂË°üµÄ£¬ÄÚ½¨Èý¸öÁ´£¬¿ÉÒÔºÁÎÞÎÊÌâµØ¶Ô°ü½øÐÐDROP¡¢LOG¡¢ACCEPTºÍREJECTµÈ²Ù×÷¡£FORWARD Á´¹ýÂËËùÓв»ÊDZ¾µØ²úÉúµÄ²¢ÇÒÄ¿µÄµØ²»ÊDZ¾µØ£¨Ëùν±¾µØ¾ÍÊÇ·À»ðǽÁË£©µÄ°ü£¬¶ø INPUTÇ¡Ç¡Õë¶ÔÄÇЩĿµÄµØÊDZ¾µØµÄ°ü¡£OUTPUT ÊÇÓÃÀ´¹ýÂËËùÓб¾µØÉú³ÉµÄ°üµÄ¡£
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6.3. Commands
ÔÚÕâÒ»½ÚÀÎÒÃǽ«Òª½éÉÜËùÓеÄcommandÒÔ¼°ËüÃǵÄÓÃ;¡£commandÖ¸¶¨iptables ¶ÔÎÒÃÇÌá½»µÄ¹æÔòÒª×öʲôÑùµÄ²Ù×÷¡£ÕâЩ²Ù×÷¿ÉÄÜÊÇÔÚij¸ö±íÀïÔö¼Ó»òɾ³ýһЩ¶«Î÷£¬»ò×öµã¶ùÆäËûʲô¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇiptables¿ÉÓõÄcommand£¨Òª×¢Ò⣬Èç²»×ö˵Ã÷£¬Ä¬ÈϱíµÄÊÇ filter±í¡££©£º
Table 6-2. Commands
Command -A, --append
Example iptables -A INPUT ...
Explanation ÔÚËùÑ¡ÔñµÄÁ´Ä©Ìí¼Ó¹æÔò¡£µ±Ô´µØÖ·»òÄ¿µÄµØÖ·ÊÇÒÔÃû×Ö¶ø²»ÊÇipµØÖ·µÄÐÎʽ³öÏÖʱ£¬ÈôÕâЩÃû×Ö¿ÉÒÔ±»½âÎöΪ¶à¸öµØÖ·£¬ÔòÕâÌõ¹æÔò»áºÍËùÓпÉÓõĵØÖ·½áºÏ¡£
Command -D, --delete
Example iptables -D INPUT --dport 80 -j DROP»òiptables -D INPUT 1
Explanation ´ÓËùÑ¡Á´ÖÐɾ³ý¹æÔò¡£ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨Ö¸¶¨ÒªÉ¾³ýµÄ¹æÔò£ºÒ»ÊǰѹæÔòÍêÍêÕûÕûµØд³öÀ´£¬ÔÙ¾ÍÊÇÖ¸¶¨¹æÔòÔÚËùÑ¡Á´ÖеÄÐòºÅ£¨Ã¿ÌõÁ´µÄ¹æÔò¶¼¸÷×Ô´Ó1±»±àºÅ£©¡£
Command -R, --replace
Example iptables -R INPUT 1 -s 192.168.0.1 -j DROP
Explanation ÔÚËùÑ¡ÖеÄÁ´ÀïÖ¸¶¨µÄÐÐÉÏ£¨Ã¿ÌõÁ´µÄ¹æÔò¶¼¸÷×Ô´Ó1±»±àºÅ£©Ìæ»»¹æÔò¡£ËüÖ÷ÒªµÄÓô¦ÊÇÊÔÑ鲻ͬµÄ¹æÔò¡£µ±Ô´µØÖ·»òÄ¿µÄµØÖ·ÊÇÒÔÃû×Ö¶ø²»ÊÇipµØÖ·µÄÐÎʽ³öÏÖʱ£¬ÈôÕâЩÃû×Ö¿ÉÒÔ±»½âÎöΪ¶à¸öµØÖ·£¬ÔòÕâÌõcommand»áʧ°Ü¡£
Command -I, --insert
Example iptables -I INPUT 1 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
Explanation ¸ù¾Ý¸ø³öµÄ¹æÔòÐòºÅÏòËùÑ¡Á´ÖвåÈë¹æÔò¡£Èç¹ûÐòºÅΪ1£¬¹æÔò»á±»²åÈëÁ´µÄÍ·²¿£¬ÆäʵĬÈÏÐòºÅ¾ÍÊÇ1¡£
Command -L, --list
Example iptables -L INPUT
Explanation ÏÔʾËùÑ¡Á´µÄËùÓйæÔò¡£Èç¹ûûÓÐÖ¸¶¨Á´£¬ÔòÏÔʾָ¶¨±íÖеÄËùÓÐÁ´¡£Èç¹ûʲô¶¼Ã»ÓÐÖ¸¶¨£¬¾ÍÏÔʾĬÈϱíËùÓеÄÁ´¡£¾«È·Êä³öÊÜÆäËü²ÎÊýÓ°Ï죬Èç-n ºÍ-vµÈ²ÎÊý£¬ÏÂÃæ»á½éÉÜ¡£
Command -F, --flush
Example iptables -F INPUT
Explanation Çå¿ÕËùÑ¡µÄÁ´¡£Èç¹ûûÓÐÖ¸¶¨Á´£¬ÔòÇå¿ÕÖ¸¶¨±íÖеÄËùÓÐÁ´¡£Èç¹ûʲô¶¼Ã»ÓÐÖ¸¶¨£¬¾ÍÇå¿ÕĬÈϱíËùÓеÄÁ´¡£µ±È»£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÒ»ÌõÒ»ÌõµØɾ£¬µ«ÓÃÕâ¸öcommand»á¿ìЩ¡£
Command -Z, --zero
Example iptables -Z INPUT
Explanation °ÑÖ¸¶¨Á´£¨Èçδָ¶¨£¬ÔòÈÏΪÊÇËùÓÐÁ´£©µÄËùÓмÆÊýÆ÷¹éÁã¡£
Command -N, --new-chain
Example iptables -N allowed
Explanation ¸ù¾ÝÓû§Ö¸¶¨µÄÃû×Ö½¨Á¢ÐµÄÁ´¡£ÉÏÃæµÄÀý×Ó½¨Á¢ÁËÒ»¸öÃûΪallowedµÄÁ´¡£×¢Ò⣬ËùÓõÄÃû×Ö²»ÄܺÍÒÑÓеÄÁ´¡¢targetͬÃû¡£
Command -X, --delete-chain
Example iptables -X allowed
Explanation ɾ³ýÖ¸¶¨µÄÓû§×Ô¶¨ÒåÁ´¡£Õâ¸öÁ´±ØÐëûÓб»ÒýÓã¬Èç¹û±»ÒýÓã¬ÔÚɾ³ý֮ǰÄã±ØÐëɾ³ý»òÕßÌæ»»ÓëÖ®ÓйصĹæÔò¡£Èç¹ûûÓиø³ö²ÎÊý£¬ÕâÌõÃüÁ»áɾ³ýĬÈϱíËùÓзÇÄÚ½¨µÄÁ´¡£
Command -P, --policy
Example iptables -P INPUT DROP
Explanation ΪÁ´ÉèÖÃĬÈϵÄtarget£¨¿ÉÓõÄÊÇDROP ºÍACCEPT£¬Èç¹û»¹ÓÐÆäËüµÄ¿ÉÓã¬Çë¸æËßÎÒ£©£¬Õâ¸ötarget³Æ×÷²ßÂÔ¡£ËùÓв»·ûºÏ¹æÔòµÄ°ü¶¼±»Ç¿ÖÆʹÓÃÕâ¸ö²ßÂÔ¡£Ö»ÓÐÄÚ½¨µÄÁ´²Å¿ÉÒÔʹÓùæÔò¡£µ«ÄÚ½¨µÄÁ´ºÍÓû§×Ô¶¨ÒåÁ´¶¼²»Äܱ»×÷Ϊ²ßÂÔʹÓã¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵²»ÄÜÏóÕâÑùʹÓãºiptables -P INPUT allowed£¨»òÕßÊÇÄÚ½¨µÄÁ´£©¡£
Command -E, --rename-chain
Example iptables -E allowed disallowed
Explanation ¶Ô×Ô¶¨ÒåµÄÁ´½øÐÐÖØÃüÃû£¬ÔÀ´µÄÃû×ÖÔÚÇ°£¬ÐÂÃû×ÖÔÚºó¡£ÈçÉÏ£¬¾ÍÊÇ°Ñallowed¸ÄΪdisallowed¡£Õâ½ö½öÊǸıäÁ´µÄÃû×Ö£¬¶ÔÕû¸ö±íµÄ½á¹¹¡¢¹¤×÷ûÓÐÈκÎÓ°Ïì¡£