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ÒԵõ½½ø³ÌµÄID,¶øgetppid¿ÉÒԵõ½¸¸½ø³Ì(´´½¨µ÷Óøú¯Êý½ø³ÌµÄ½ø³Ì)µÄID.
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pid_t getpid(void);
pid_t getppid(void);
½ø³ÌÊÇΪ³ÌÐò·þÎñµÄ,¶ø³ÌÐòÊÇΪÁËÓû§·þÎñµÄ.ϵͳΪÁËÕÒµ½½ø³ÌµÄÓû§Ãû,»¹Îª½ø³ÌºÍ
Óû§½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ.Õâ¸öÓû§³ÆΪ½ø³ÌµÄËùÓÐÕß.ÏàÓ¦µÄÿһ¸öÓû§Ò²ÓÐÒ»¸öÓû§ID.ͨ¹ýϵͳ
µ÷ÓÃgetuid¿ÉÒԵõ½½ø³ÌµÄËùÓÐÕßµÄID.ÓÉÓÚ½ø³ÌÒªÓõ½Ò»Ð©×ÊÔ´,¶øLinux¶Ôϵͳ×ÊÔ´ÊÇ
½øÐб£»¤µÄ,ΪÁË»ñÈ¡Ò»¶¨×ÊÔ´½ø³Ì»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öÓÐЧÓû§ID.Õâ¸öIDºÍϵͳµÄ×ÊԴʹÓÃÓйØ
,Éæ¼°µ½½ø³ÌµÄȨÏÞ. ͨ¹ýϵͳµ÷ÓÃgeteuidÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒԵõ½½ø³ÌµÄÓÐЧÓû§ID. ºÍÓû§ID
Ïà¶ÔÓ¦½ø³Ì»¹ÓÐÒ»¸ö×éIDºÍÓÐЧ×éIDϵͳµ÷ÓÃgetgidºÍgetegid¿ÉÒÔ·Ö±ðµÃµ½×éIDºÍÓÐЧ
×éID
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uid_t getuid(void);
uid_t geteuid(void);
gid_t getgid(void);
git_t getegid(void);
ÓÐʱºòÎÒÃÇ»¹»á¶ÔÓû§µÄÆäËûÐÅÏ¢¸ÐÐËȤ(µÇ¼ÃûµÈµÈ),Õâ¸öʱºòÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔµ÷ÓÃgetpwui
dÀ´µÃµ½.
struct passwd {
char *pw_name; /* µÇ¼Ãû³Æ */
char *pw_passwd; /* µÇ¼¿ÚÁî */
uid_t pw_uid; /* Óû§ID */
gid_t pw_gid; /* Óû§×éID */
char *pw_gecos; /* Óû§µÄÕæÃû */
char *pw_dir; /* Óû§µÄĿ¼ */
char *pw_shell; /* Óû§µÄSHELL */
};
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struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t uid);
ÏÂÃæÎÒÃÇѧϰһ¸öʵÀýÀ´Êµ¼ùÒ»ÏÂÉÏÃæÎÒÃÇËùѧϰµÄ¼¸¸öº¯Êý:
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int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
pid_t my_pid,parent_pid;
uid_t my_uid,my_euid;
gid_t my_gid,my_egid;
struct passwd *my_info;
my_pid=getpid();
parent_pid=getppid();
my_uid=getuid();
my_euid=geteuid();
my_gid=getgid();
my_egid=getegid();
my_info=getpwuid(my_uid);
printf("Process ID:%ld\n",my_pid);
printf("Parent ID:%ld\n",parent_pid);
printf("User ID:%ld\n",my_uid);
printf("Effective User ID:%ld\n",my_euid);
printf("Group ID:%ld\n",my_gid);
printf("Effective Group ID:%ld\n",my_egid):
if(my_info)
{
printf("My Login Name:%s\n" ,my_info->pw_name);
printf("My Password :%s\n" ,my_info->pw_passwd);
printf("My User ID :%ld\n",my_info->pw_uid);
printf("My Group ID :%ld\n",my_info->pw_gid);
printf("My Real Name:%s\n" ,my_info->pw_gecos);
printf("My Home Dir :%s\n", my_info->pw_dir);
printf("My Work Shell:%s\n", my_info->pw_shell);
}
}
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pid_t fork();
µ±Ò»¸ö½ø³Ìµ÷ÓÃÁËforkÒÔºó,ϵͳ»á´´½¨Ò»¸ö×Ó½ø³Ì.Õâ¸ö×Ó½ø³ÌºÍ¸¸½ø³Ì²»Í¬µÄµØ·½Ö»
ÓÐËûµÄ½ø³ÌIDºÍ¸¸½ø³ÌID,ÆäËûµÄ¶¼ÊÇÒ»Ñù.¾ÍÏó·û½ø³Ì¿Ë¡(clone)×Ô¼ºÒ»Ñù.µ±È»´´½¨
Á½¸öһģһÑùµÄ½ø³ÌÊÇûÓÐÒâÒåµÄ.ΪÁËÇø·Ö¸¸½ø³ÌºÍ×Ó½ø³Ì,ÎÒÃDZØÐë¸ú×ÙforkµÄ·µ»Ø
Öµ. µ±forkµôÓÃʧ°ÜµÄʱºò(ÄÚ´æ²»×ã»òÕßÊÇÓû§µÄ×î´ó½ø³ÌÊýÒѵ½)fork·µ»Ø-1,·ñÔòf
orkµÄ·µ»ØÖµÓÐÖØÒªµÄ×÷ÓÃ.¶ÔÓÚ¸¸½ø³Ìfork·µ»Ø×Ó½ø³ÌµÄID,¶ø¶ÔÓÚfork×Ó½ø³Ì·µ»Ø0.ÎÒ
ÃǾÍÊǸù¾ÝÕâ¸ö·µ»ØÖµÀ´Çø·Ö¸¸×Ó½ø³ÌµÄ. ¸¸½ø³ÌΪʲôҪ´´½¨×Ó½ø³ÌÄØ?Ç°ÃæÎÒÃÇÒѾ
˵¹ýÁËLinuxÊÇÒ»¸ö¶àÓû§²Ù×÷ϵͳ,ÔÚͬһʱ¼ä»áÓÐÐí¶àµÄÓû§ÔÚÕù¶áϵͳµÄ×ÊÔ´.ÓÐʱ
½ø³ÌΪÁËÔçÒ»µãÍê³ÉÈÎÎñ¾Í´´½¨×Ó½ø³ÌÀ´Õù¶á×ÊÔ´. Ò»µ©×Ó½ø³Ì±»´´½¨,¸¸×Ó½ø³ÌÒ»Æð´Ó
fork´¦¼ÌÐøÖ´ÐÐ,Ï໥¾ºÕùϵͳµÄ×ÊÔ´.ÓÐʱºòÎÒÃÇÏ£Íû×Ó½ø³Ì¼ÌÐøÖ´ÐÐ,¶ø¸¸½ø³Ì×èÈûÖ±
µ½×Ó½ø³ÌÍê³ÉÈÎÎñ.Õâ¸öʱºòÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔµ÷ÓÃwait»òÕßwaitpidϵͳµ÷ÓÃ.
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pid_t wait(int *stat_loc);
pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid,int *stat_loc,int options);
waitϵͳµ÷Óûáʹ¸¸½ø³Ì×èÈûÖ±µ½Ò»¸ö×Ó½ø³Ì½áÊø»òÕßÊǸ¸½ø³Ì½ÓÊܵ½ÁËÒ»¸öÐźÅ.Èç¹û
ûÓи¸½ø³ÌûÓÐ×Ó½ø³Ì»òÕßËûµÄ×Ó½ø³ÌÒѾ½áÊøÁËwait»ØÁ¢¼´·µ»Ø.³É¹¦Ê±(ÒòÒ»¸ö×Ó½ø
³Ì½áÊø)wait½«·µ»Ø×Ó½ø³ÌµÄID,·ñÔò·µ»Ø-1,²¢ÉèÖÃÈ«¾Ö±äÁ¿errno.stat_locÊÇ×Ó½ø³ÌµÄ
Í˳ö״̬.×Ó½ø³Ìµ÷ÓÃexit,_exit »òÕßÊÇreturnÀ´ÉèÖÃÕâ¸öÖµ. ΪÁ˵õ½Õâ¸öÖµLinux¶¨
ÒåÁ˼¸¸öºêÀ´²âÊÔÕâ¸ö·µ»ØÖµ.
WIFEXITED:ÅжÏ×Ó½ø³ÌÍ˳öÖµÊÇ·Ç0
WEXITSTATUS:ÅжÏ×Ó½ø³ÌµÄÍ˳öÖµ(µ±×Ó½ø³ÌÍ˳öʱ·Ç0).
WIFSIGNALED:×Ó½ø³ÌÓÉÓÚÓÐûÓлñµÃµÄÐźŶøÍ˳ö.
WTERMSIG:×Ó½ø³ÌûÓлñµÃµÄÐźźÅ(ÔÚWIFSIGNALEDΪÕæʱ²ÅÓÐÒâÒå).
waitpidµÈ´ýÖ¸¶¨µÄ×Ó½ø³ÌÖ±µ½×Ó½ø³Ì·µ»Ø.Èç¹ûpidΪÕýÖµÔòµÈ´ýÖ¸¶¨µÄ½ø³Ì(pid).Èç¹û
Ϊ0ÔòµÈ´ýÈκÎÒ»¸ö×éIDºÍµ÷ÓÃÕßµÄ×éIDÏàͬµÄ½ø³Ì.Ϊ-1ʱµÈͬÓÚwaitµ÷ÓÃ.СÓÚ-1ʱµÈ
´ýÈκÎÒ»¸ö×éIDµÈÓÚpid¾ø¶ÔÖµµÄ½ø³Ì. stat_locºÍwaitµÄÒâÒåÒ»Ñù. options¿ÉÒÔ¾ö¶¨
¸¸½ø³ÌµÄ״̬.¿ÉÒÔÈ¡Á½¸öÖµ WNOHANG:¸¸½ø³ÌÁ¢¼´·µ»Øµ±Ã»ÓÐ×Ó½ø³Ì´æÔÚʱ. WUNTACHE
D:µ±×Ó½ø³Ì½áÊøʱwaitpid·µ»Ø,µ«ÊÇ×Ó½ø³ÌµÄÍ˳ö״̬²»¿ÉµÃµ½.
¸¸½ø³Ì´´½¨×Ó½ø³Ìºó,×Ó½ø³ÌÒ»°ãÒªÖ´Ðв»Í¬µÄ³ÌÐò.ΪÁ˵÷ÓÃϵͳ³ÌÐò,ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃϵ
ͳµ÷ÓÃexec×åµ÷ÓÃ.exec×åµ÷ÓÃÓÐ×Å5¸öº¯Êý.
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int execl(const char *path,const char *arg,...);
int execlp(const char *file,const char *arg,...);
int execle(const char *path,const char *arg,...);
int execv(const char *path,char *const argv[]);
int execvp(const char *file,char *const argv[]):
exec×åµ÷ÓÿÉÒÔÖ´Ðиø¶¨³ÌÐò.¹ØÓÚexec×åµ÷ÓõÄÏêϸ½â˵¿ÉÒԲο¼ÏµÍ³ÊÖ²á(man exec
l). ÏÂÃæÎÒÃÇÀ´Ñ§Ï°Ò»¸öʵÀý.×¢Òâ±àÒëµÄʱºòÒª¼Ó -lmÒÔ±ãÁ¬½ÓÊýѧº¯Êý¿â.
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void main(void)
{
pid_t child;
int status;
printf("This will demostrate how to get child status\n");
if((child=fork())==-1)
{
printf("Fork Error :%s\n",strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
else if(child==0)
{
int i;
printf("I am the child:%ld\n",getpid());
for(i=0;i<1000000;i++) sin(i);
i=5;
printf("I exit with %d\n",i);
exit(i);
}
while(((child=wait(&status))==-1)&(errno==EINTR));
if(child==-1)
printf("Wait Error:%s\n",strerror(errno));
else if(!status)
printf("Child %ld terminated normally return status is zero\n",
child);
else if(WIFEXITED(status))
printf("Child %ld terminated normally return status is %d\n",
child,WEXITSTATUS(status));
else if(WIFSIGNALED(status))
printf("Child %ld terminated due to signal %d znot caught\n",
child,WTERMSIG(status));
}
strerrorº¯Êý»á·µ»ØÒ»¸öÖ¸¶¨µÄ´íÎóºÅµÄ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢µÄ×Ö·û´®.
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Èç¹ûÄãÔÚDOSʱ´ú±àд¹ý³ÌÐò,ÄÇôÄãÒ²ÐíÖªµÀÔÚDOSÏÂΪÁ˱àдһ¸ö³£×¤ÄÚ´æµÄ³ÌÐò
ÎÒÃÇÒª±àд¶àÉÙ´úÂëÁË.Ïà·´Èç¹ûÔÚLinuxϱàдһ¸ö"³£×¤ÄÚ´æ"µÄ³ÌÐòÈ´ÊǺÜÈÝÒ×µÄ.ÎÒ
ÃÇÖ»Òª¼¸ÐдúÂë¾Í¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½. ʵ¼ÊÉÏÓÉÓÚLinuxÊǶàÈÎÎñ²Ù×÷ϵͳ,ÎÒÃǾÍÊDz»±àд´úÂë
Ò²¿ÉÒÔ°ÑÒ»¸ö³ÌÐò·Åµ½ºǫ́ȥִÐеÄ.ÎÒÃÇÖ»ÒªÔÚÃüÁîºóÃæ¼ÓÉÏ&·ûºÅSHELL¾Í»á°ÑÎÒÃǵÄ
³ÌÐò·Åµ½ºǫ́ȥÔËÐеÄ. ÕâÀïÎÒÃÇ"¿ª·¢"Ò»¸öºǫ́¼ì²éÓʼþµÄ³ÌÐò.Õâ¸ö³ÌÐòÿ¸öÒ»¸öÖ¸
¶¨µÄʱ¼ä»ØÈ¥¼ì²éÎÒÃǵÄÓÊÏä,Èç¹û·¢ÏÖÎÒÃÇÓÐÓʼþÁË,»á²»¶ÏµÄ±¨¾¯(ͨ¹ý»úÏäÉϵÄСÀ®
°ÈÀ´·¢³öÉùÒô). ºóÃæÓÐÕâ¸öº¯ÊýµÄ¼ÓÇ¿°æ±¾¼ÓÇ¿°æ±¾
ºǫ́½ø³ÌµÄ´´½¨Ë¼Ïë: Ê×Ïȸ¸½ø³Ì´´½¨Ò»¸ö×Ó½ø³Ì.È»ºó×Ó½ø³ÌɱËÀ¸¸½ø³Ì(ÊDz»ÊǺÜÎÞ
Çé?). ÐźŴ¦ÀíËùÓеŤ×÷ÓÉ×Ó½ø³ÌÀ´´¦Àí.
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/* Linux µÄĬÈθöÈ˵ÄÓÊÏäµØÖ·ÊÇ /var/spool/mail/Óû§µÄµÇ¼Ãû */
#define MAIL "/var/spool/mail/hoyt"
/* ˯Ãß10ÃëÖÓ */
#define SLEEP_TIME 10
main(void)
{
pid_t child;
if((child=fork())==-1)
{
printf("Fork Error:%s\n",strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
else if(child>0)
while(1);
if(kill(getppid(),SIGTERM)==-1)
{
printf("Kill Parent Error:%s\n",strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
{
int mailfd;
while(1)
{
if((mailfd=open(MAIL,O_RDONLY))!=-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"%s","7");
close(mailfd);
}
sleep(SLEEP_TIME);
}
}
}
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¶àµØ·½Òª¸ÄÉƵÄ.ÎÒÃǺóÃæ»á¶ÔÕâ¸öС³ÌÐò¸ÄÉƵÄ,ÔÙ¿´ÎҵĸÄÉÆ֮ǰÄã¿ÉÒÔ³¢ÊÔ×Ô¼º¸Ä
ÉÆÒ»ÏÂ.±ÈÈçÈÃÓû§Ö¸¶¨ÓÊÏàµÄ·¾¶ºÍ˯Ãßʱ¼äµÈµÈ.ÏàÐÅ×Ô¼º¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½µÄ.¶¯ÊÖ°É,Ó¸Ò
µÄ̽ÏÕÕß.
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ÓÃ×Ó½ø³Ì.´´½¨Ò»¸ö×Ó½ø³ÌÊÇÿһ¸ö³ÌÐòÔ±µÄ»ù±¾ÒªÇó!
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