Linux下Java、Maven、Tomcat的安装

1、安装Java（此处假定安装目录位/usr/local）

1）下载jdk（jdk-7），下载地址如下：

32位：http://download.Oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u67-b01/jdk-7u67-linux-i586.tar.gz

64位：http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u67-b01/jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz

下载命令（以64位为例）：

$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u67-b01/jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz

2）解压到安装目录，使用如下命令：

$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo tar -xf jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz

3）配置环境变量，修改/etc/profile文件
 
$ sudo vim /etc/profile

在末尾添加如下内容：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jdk1.7.0_67
export JRE_HOME=/usr/lib/jdk1.7.0_67 /jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH

执行如下命令：
 
$ source /etc/profile

输入java命令，看看是否生效，部分结果如下：
 
$ java
Usage: java [-options] class [args...]
(to execute a class)
or  java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
(to execute a jar file)

where options include:
-d32          use a 32-bit data model if available
-d64          use a 64-bit data model if available
-server  to select the "server" VM The default VM is server.
-cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
-classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
A : separated list of directories, JAR archives,and ZIP archives to search for class files.
-D<name>=<value>

2、安装maven

1）下载，下载命令如下：

$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo wget http://apache.fayea.com/apache-mirror/maven/maven-3/3.2.2/binaries/apache-maven-3.2.2-bin.tar.gz

2）解压，命令如下：

$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo tar -xf apache-maven-3.2.2-bin.tar.gz

3）配置环境变量

$ sudo vim /etc/profile

在末尾添加如下内容：

export M2_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.2.2
export PATH=$PATH:$M2_HOME/bin

执行如下命令：

$ source /etc/profile

输入mvn --help命令，看看是否生效，部分结果如下：
 
mvn --help

usage: mvn [options] [<goal(s)>] [<phase(s)>]

Options:
-am,--also-make                        If project list is specified, also build projects required by the list
-amd,--also-make-dependents            If project list is specified, also build projects that depend on projects on the list
-B,--batch-mode                        Run in non-interactive (batch) mode
-C,--strict-checksums                  Fail the build if checksums don't match

3、安装tomcat

1）下载

$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.55/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.55.tar.gz

2）解压缩
 
$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo tar -xf apache-tomcat-7.0.55.tar.gz

3）配置环境变量

$ sudo vim /etc/profile

在末尾添加如下内容：

export export TOMCAT_HOME=/export/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.42
export PATH=$PATH:$TOMCAT_HOME/bin

执行如下命令：

$ cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
$ bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:  /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
Using CATALINA_HOME:  /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_67/jre
Using CLASSPATH:      /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/bin/bootstrap.jar:/export/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

此时，在浏览器打开http://localhost:8080，可以看到页面，表示启动成功。

可以执行如下命令关闭tomcat：

$ cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
$ bin/shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:  /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
Using CATALINA_HOME:  /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_67/jre
Using CLASSPATH:      /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/bin/bootstrap.jar:/export/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/bin/tomcat-juli.jar