系统ubuntu 16.04，中文的文件名也无法显示，因为中文包没安装，安装如下：
sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hans
sudo apt-get install zh-autoconvert
sudo apt-get install zhcon
很多年没折腾中文显示的问题了，记录一下。
关于locale设置问题，执行apt时通常会提示如下错误：
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_TIME = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_MONETARY = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_ADDRESS = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_TELEPHONE = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_NAME = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_MEASUREMENT = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_IDENTIFICATION = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_NUMERIC = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_PAPER = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
按如下步骤解决：
$ sudo apt-get install locales
编辑文件/etc/locale.gen，找到# en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8，去掉前面的井号；
$ sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
$ sudo update-locale en_US.UTF-8
编辑~/.bashrc，在最后面增加一行并通过source命令使其生效：
export LC_ALL=C
$ source .bashrc
或者修改/etc/default/locale：
$ cat /etc/default/locale
LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"
到此应该能解决错误信息提示问题，但是系统可能无法显示中文，所以如果希望正确显示中文，需要安装中文包：
$ sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh-hans