最近在测试FTP服务器，上传和下载的速度与很多因数有关，其中，硬盘的读取速度就是其中不同的区别点，我同时用了三台不用的服务器架设FTP服务,一台是出来ftp服务外还含平台其他管理软件，一台是全新的系统，只使用FTP服务；另外一个是安装了固态硬盘的演示机器（外星人机器，一个小方盒子，听过价格将近1w）。
查看硬盘的读取速度：
hdparm -t /dev/sda:解释，这个的sda是安装Ubuntu系统的根目录的挂载点。
不同的机器挂载点不一样
首先DF查看
三台服务器分别为：
最早安装那台服务器的根目录挂载点为：/dev/sda1；
另外两台分别为：/dev/dm-0和/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root(外星人)
相对应的查看他们的读速度则要改为：hdparm -t /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root
硬盘数量、大小：sudo fdisk -l |grep "Disk /dev/sd"
硬盘型号：sudo hdparm -i /dev/sda |grep "Model"
参考
linux下怎样查看硬盘型号和硬盘序列号
hdparm -i /dev/hda
显示硬盘的相关设置
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
IO_support = 0 (default 16-bit)
readonly = 0 (off)
readahead = 256 (on)
geometry = 19929［柱面数］/255［磁头数］/63［扇区数］, sectors = 320173056［总扇区数］, start = 0［起始扇区数
.显示硬盘的柱面、磁头、扇区数
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -g /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
geometry = 19929［柱面数］/255［磁头数］/63［扇区数］, sectors = 320173056［总扇区数］, start = 0［起始扇区数
.评估硬盘的读取效率
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing buffered disk reads: 166 MB in 3.03 seconds = 54.85 MB/sec
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing buffered disk reads: 160 MB in 3.01 seconds = 53.11 MB/sec
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing buffered disk reads: 166 MB in 3.00 seconds = 55.31 MB/sec
.评估硬盘快取的读取效率
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -T /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 3784 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1894.60 MB/sec
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -T /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 3816 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1909.06 MB/sec
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -T /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 3728 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1866.29 MB/sec
.检测IDE硬盘的电源管理模式
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -C /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
drive state is: standby [省电模式]
.显示IDE硬盘的内定硬件规格
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -i /dev/sda
.直接检测硬盘的硬件规格
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -I /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: Maxtor 6B160M0
Serial Number: B404PTJH
Firmware Revision: BANC1BM0
Standards:
Supported: 7 6 5 4
Likely used: 7
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 16383 16383
heads 16 16
sectors/track 63 63
–
CHS current addressable sectors: 16514064
LBA user addressable sectors: 268435455
LBA48 user addressable sectors: 320173056
device size with M = 1024*1024: 156334 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 163928 MBytes (163 GB)
Capabilities:
LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
Queue depth: 32
Standby timer values: spec’d by Standard, no device specific minimum
R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16 Current = 16
Advanced power management level: unknown setting (0×0000)
Recommended acoustic management value: 192, current value: 254
DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
Enabled Supported:
* NOP cmd
* READ BUFFER cmd
* WRITE BUFFER cmd
* Host Protected Area feature set
* Look-ahead
* Write cache
* Power Management feature set
Security Mode feature set
* SMART feature set
* FLUSH CACHE EXT command
* Mandatory FLUSH CACHE command
* Device Configuration Overlay feature set
* 48-bit Address feature set
* Automatic Acoustic Management feature set
SET MAX security extension
Advanced Power Management feature set
* DOWNLOAD MICROCODE cmd
* General Purpose Logging feature set
* SMART self-test
* SMART error logging
Security:
Master password revision code = 65534
supported
not enabled
not locked
not frozen
not expired: security count
not supported: enhanced erase
Checksum: correct
.检测并设置IDE硬盘的32位I/O模式
检测
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -c /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
IO_support = 0 (default 16-bit) ［默认16位I／O］
设置
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -c 1 /dev/sda
.检测并设置IDE硬盘的DMA模式
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -d /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
…
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -d 1 /dev/sda
.检测读取文件时，预先存入快取的扇区数
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -a /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
readahead = 256 (on)
.查询并设置硬盘多重扇区存取的扇区数，以增进硬盘的存取效率
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -m /dev/sda
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -m 参数值为整数值如8 /dev/sda
.将内顾虑缓冲的数据写入硬盘，并清除缓冲区的数据
[root@cnscn ~]# hdparm -f /dev/sda