说明：boost库包含两部分：无需编译的头文件，及单独编译的库。单独编译的库如下：
Boost.Chrono
Boost.Context
Boost.Filesystem
Boost.GraphParallel
Boost.IOStreams
Boost.Locale
Boost.MPI
Boost.ProgramOptions
Boost.Python (see the Boost.Python build documentation before building and installing it)
Boost.Regex
Boost.Serialization
Boost.Signals
Boost.System
Boost.Thread
Boost.Timer
Boost.Wave
A few libraries have optional separately-compiled binaries:
Boost.DateTime has a binary component that is only needed if you're using its to_string/from_string or serialization features, or if you're targeting Visual C++ 6.x or Borland.
Boost.Graph also has a binary component that is only needed if you intend to parse GraphViz files.
Boost.Math has binary components for the TR1 and C99 cmath functions.
Boost.Random has a binary component which is only needed if you're using random_device.
Boost.Test can be used in “header-only” or “separately compiled” mode, although separate compilation is recommended for serious use.
Boost.Exception provides non-intrusive implementation of exception_ptr for 32-bit _MSC_VER==1310 and _MSC_VER==1400 which requires a separately-compiled binary. This is enabled by #define BOOST_ENABLE_NON_INTRUSIVE_EXCEPTION_PTR.
安装步骤（首先下载并解压缩文件，并cd到该文件夹内）：
1.运行bootstrap.sh：后面加上需要编译的库（如果不加的话，貌似只会编译最小的库，即包含基本功能的库）需要编译的自己选（可以见下图里面完全编译）。
./bootstrap.sh --with-libraries= system,filesystem, thread,python
经过上命令后，可以看到，会编译哪些库：
2.运行./b2。直接这样用，提示权限不够，所以使用如下命令就可以成功：
sudo ./b2
成功编译了这些文件（和上图对应的库）：
3.将编译好的文件使用cp命令拷贝到系统的目录：
sudo cp -a stage/lib /usr/local
sudo cp -a boost /usr/local/include/boost
ps.貌似这些目录不是ubuntu默认的库目录。ubuntu默认库目录是/usr/lib。所以上面拷贝时，可以使用：
sudo cp -a stage/lib /usr
sudo cp -a boost /usr/include
说明：
1].使用--show-libraries查看哪些需要单独编译：
./bootstrap.sh --show-libraries
2].全编译（没试过）：
./bootstrap.sh --with-libraries= atomic,chrono,container,context,coroutine,coroutine2,date_time,exception,filesystem,graph,graph_parallel,iostreams,locale,with-log,math,metaparse,mpi,program_options,python,random,regex,serialization,signals,system,test,thread,timer,type_erasure,wave
在另一台电脑上，使用./bootstrap.sh --with-libraries= system,filesystem, thread,python，结果全编译出来了。