Linux系统上有很多查看系统信息的工具，本帖介绍一个超级使用的工具－inxi。Inxi是一组脚本，可以检测关于硬件的一大堆信息，包括CPU、硬盘、RAM，主板，厂商详细信息和设备驱动程序配置等。Inxi不光可以检测硬件信息，它还能检测软件信息。而最重要的是，它能够以一种易于阅读的格式显示各种信息。
inxi源代码：https://github.com/smxi/inxi
1.安装inxi
主流的Linux发行版都可以使用对应的包管理工具安装：
# Debian/Ubuntu
$ sudo apt install inxi
# CentOS
$ sudo yum install epel-release
$ sudo yum install inxi
# Fedora 23+
$ sudo dnf install epel-release
$ sudo dnf install inxi
# Arch Linux
$ sudo pacman -S inxi
# OpenSuse
$ sudo zypper install inxi
inxi需要其它一些依赖包，这些包应该和inxi一起安装了。使用下面命令查看依赖的包：
$ inxi --recommends
如果有缺失的包，可以手动安装。
2.使用inxi
inxi默认输出：
$ inxi
CPU~Single core Intel Core i5-4250U (-UP-) speed~1900 MHz (max) Kernel~4.4.0-34-generic x86_64 Up~1:12 Mem~617.8/992.4MB HDD~32.2GB(17.4% used) Procs~181 Client~Shell inxi~2.2.35
使用-F选项查看更加详细的输出：
$ inxi -F
System: Host: snail Kernel: 4.4.0-34-generic x86_64 (64 bit)
Desktop: Unity 7.4.0 Distro: Ubuntu 16.04 xenial
Machine: System: innotek (portable) product: VirtualBox v: 1.2
Mobo: Oracle model: VirtualBox v: 1.2
Bios: innotek v: VirtualBox date: 12/01/2006
CPU: Single core Intel Core i5-4250U (-UP-) cache: 3072 KB
speed: 1900 MHz (max)
Graphics: Card: InnoTek Systemberatung VirtualBox Graphics Adapter
Display Server: X.Org 1.18.3 drivers: vboxvideo (unloaded: fbdev,vesa)
Resolution: 904x698@59.75hz
GLX Renderer: Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LLVM 3.8, 256 bits)
GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0
Audio: Card Intel 82801AA AC'97 Audio Controller driver: snd_intel8x0
Sound: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture v: k4.4.0-34-generic
Network: Card: Intel 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: e1000
IF: enp0s3 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full
mac: 08:00:27:b6:39:6e
Drives: HDD Total Size: 32.2GB (17.4% used)
ID-1: /dev/sda model: VBOX_HARDDISK size: 32.2GB
Partition: ID-1: / size: 29G used: 4.3G (16%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda1
ID-2: swap-1 size: 1.07GB used: 0.03GB (3%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda5
RAID: No RAID devices: /proc/mdstat, md_mod kernel module present
Sensors: None detected - is lm-sensors installed and configured?
Info: Processes: 181 Uptime: 1:13 Memory: 618.3/992.4MB
Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
如果你需要改变颜色，以便更一目了然，只要使用-c选项，后面再跟上一个0到32之间的随机数。
显示硬盘信息：
$ inxi -D -c 6
Drives: HDD Total Size: 32.2GB (17.4% used)
ID-1: /dev/sda model: VBOX_HARDDISK size: 32.2GB
其它选项：
-M：主板
-G：显卡
-N：网卡
想获得关于任何硬件配置文件子集的额外信息，只要使用x选项。想获得更多的额外信息，可使用-xx选项。想获得还要多的额外信息，可使用-xxx选项。
显示系统使用的软件源：
$ inxi -r
Repos: Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
竟然还能查询天气：
$ inxi -W new+york,ny
Weather: Conditions: 77 F (25 C) - Partly Cloudy Time: August 28, 9:19 AM EDT
查看帮助：
$ inxi -h
inxi supports the following options. You can combine them, or list them one
by one. Examples: inxi -v4 -c6 OR inxi -bDc 6. If you start inxi with no
arguments, it will show the short form.
The following options if used without -F, -b, or -v will show just option
line(s): A, C, D, G, I, M, N, P, R, S, f, i, m, n, o, p, l, u, r, s, t - you
can use these alone or together to show just the line(s) you want to see. If
you use them with -v [level], -b or -F, it will show the full output for that
line along with the output for the chosen verbosity level.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Output Control Options:
-A Audio/sound card information.
-b Basic output, short form. Like inxi -v 2, only minus hard disk names.
-c Color schemes. Scheme number is required. Color selectors run a color
selector option prior to inxi starting which lets you set the config
file value for the selection.
Supported color schemes: 0-32 Example: inxi -c 11
Color selectors for each type display (NOTE: irc and global only show
safe color set):
94 Console, out of X
95 Terminal, running in X - like xTerm
96 Gui IRC, running in X - like Xchat, Quassel, Konversation etc.
97 Console IRC running in X - like irssi in xTerm
98 Console IRC not in X
99 Global - Overrides/removes all settings. Setting specific removes
global.
-C CPU output, including per CPU clockspeed and max CPU speed (if
available).
-d Optical drive data. Same as -Dd. See also -x and -xx.
-D Full hard Disk info, not only model, ie: /dev/sda ST380817AS 80.0GB.
See also -x and -xx. Disk total used percentage includes swap partition
size(s).
-f All cpu flags, triggers -C. Not shown with -F to avoid spamming. ARM
cpus show 'features'.
-F Full output for inxi. Includes all Upper Case line letters, plus -s and
-n. Does not show extra verbose options like -d -f -l -m -o -p -r -t -u
-x
-G Graphic card information (card, display server type/version,
resolution, glx renderer, version).
-i Wan IP address, and shows local interfaces (requires ifconfig network
tool). Same as -Nni. Not shown with -F for user security reasons, you
shouldn't paste your local/wan IP.
-I Information: processes, uptime, memory, irc client (or shell type),
inxi version.
-l Partition labels. Default: short partition -P. For full -p output, use:
-pl (or -plu).
-m Memory (RAM) data. Physical system memory array(s), capacity, how many
devices (slots) supported, and individual memory devices (sticks of
memory etc). For devices, shows device locator, size, speed, type
(like: DDR3). Also see -x, -xx, -xxx
-M Machine data. Motherboard, Bios, and if present, System Builder (Like
Lenovo). Older systems/kernels without the required /sys data can use
dmidecode instead, run as root. Dmidecode can be forced with -! 33
-n Advanced Network card information. Same as -Nn. Shows interface, speed,
mac id, state, etc.
-N Network card information. With -x, shows PCI BusID, Port number.
-o Unmounted partition information (includes UUID and LABEL if available).
Shows file system type if you have file installed, if you are root OR
if you have added to /etc/sudoers (sudo v. 1.7 or newer)
Example: <username> ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/file
-p Full partition information (-P plus all other detected partitions).
-P Basic partition information (shows what -v 4 would show, but without
extra data). Shows, if detected: / /boot /home /tmp /usr /var. Use -p
to see all mounted partitions.
-r Distro repository data. Supported repo types: APT; PACMAN; PISI;
PORTAGE; PORTS (BSDs); SLACKPKG; URPMQ; YUM; ZYPP.
-R RAID data. Shows RAID devices, states, levels, and components, and
extra data with -x/-xx. md-raid: If device is resyncing, shows resync
progress line as well.
-s Sensors output (if sensors installed/configured): mobo/cpu/gpu temp;
detected fan speeds. Gpu temp only for Fglrx/Nvidia drivers. Nvidia
shows screen number for > 1 screens.
-S System information: host name, kernel, desktop environment (if in X),
distro
-t Processes. Requires extra options: c (cpu) m (memory) cm (cpu+memory).
If followed by numbers 1-20, shows that number of processes for each
type (default: 5; if in irc, max: 5): -t cm10
Make sure to have no space between letters and numbers (-t cm10 -
right, -t cm 10 - wrong).
-u Partition UUIDs. Default: short partition -P. For full -p output, use:
-pu (or -plu).
-v Script verbosity levels. Verbosity level number is required. Should not
be used with -b or -F
Supported levels: 0-7 Example: inxi -v 4
0 Short output, same as: inxi
1 Basic verbose, -S + basic CPU + -G + basic Disk + -I.
2 Networking card (-N), Machine (-M) data, shows basic hard disk
data (names only), and, if present, basic raid (devices only, and
if inactive, notes that). similar to: inxi -b
3 Advanced CPU (-C), network (-n) data, and switches on -x advanced
data option.
4 Partition size/filled data (-P) for (if present): /, /home,
/var/, /boot. Shows full disk data (-D).
5 Audio card (-A); sensors (-s), memory/ram (-m), partition
label (-l) and UUID (-u), short form of optical drives, standard
raid data (-R).
6 Full partition (-p), unmounted partition (-o), optical drive
(-d), full raid; triggers -xx.
7 Network IP data (-i); triggers -xxx.
-w Local weather data/time. To check an alternate location, see:
-W <location>. For extra weather data options see -x, -xx, and -xxx.
-W <location> Supported options for <location>: postal code; city,
state/country; latitude, longitude. Only use if you want the weather
somewhere other than the machine running inxi. Use only ascii
characters, replace spaces in city/state/country names with '+'.
Example: inxi -W new+york,ny
-x Adds the following extra data (only works with verbose or line output,
not short form):
-C CPU Flags, Bogomips on Cpu;
-d Extra optical drive data; adds rev version to optical drive.
-D Hdd temp with disk data if you have hddtemp installed, if you are
root OR if you have added to /etc/sudoers (sudo v. 1.7 or newer)
Example: <username> ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/hddtemp
-G Direct rendering status for Graphics (in X).
-G (for single gpu, nvidia driver) screen number gpu is running on.
-i IPv6 as well for LAN interface (IF) devices.
-I System GCC, default. With -xx, also show other installed GCC
versions. If running in console, not in IRC client, shows shell
version number, if detected. Init/RC Type and runlevel (if
available).
-m Part number; Max memory module size (if available).
-N -A Version/port(s)/driver version (if available) for Network/Audio;
-N -A -G Network, audio, graphics, shows PCI Bus ID/Usb ID number of card.
-R md-raid: Shows component raid id. Adds second RAID Info line:
raid level; report on drives (like 5/5); blocks; chunk size;
bitmap (if present). Resync line, shows blocks synced/total
blocks. zfs-raid: Shows raid array full size; available size;
portion allocated to RAID
-S Desktop toolkit if avaliable (GNOME/XFCE/KDE only); Kernel gcc
version
-t Memory use output to cpu (-xt c), and cpu use to memory (-xt m).
-w -W Wind speed and time zone (-w only).
-xx Show extra, extra data (only works with verbose or line output, not
short form):
-A Chip vendor:product ID for each audio device.
-C Minimum CPU speed, if available.
-D Disk serial number.
-G Chip vendor:product ID for each video card.
-I Other detected installed gcc versions (if present). System
default runlevel. Adds parent program (or tty) for shell info if
not in IRC (like Konsole or Gterm). Adds Init/RC (if found)
version number.
-m Manufacturer, Serial Number, single/double bank (if found).
-M Chassis information, bios rom size (dmidecode only), if data for
either is available.
-N Chip vendor:product ID for each nic.
-R md-raid: Superblock (if present); algorythm, U data. Adds system
info line (kernel support,read ahead, raid events). If present,
adds unused device line. Resync line, shows progress bar.
-S Display manager (dm) in desktop output, if in X (like kdm, gdm3,
lightdm).
-w -W Humidity, barometric pressure.
-@ 11-14 Automatically uploads debugger data tar.gz file to
ftp.techpatterns.com. EG: inxi -xx@14
-xxx Show extra, extra, extra data (only works with verbose or line output,
not short form):
-m Width of memory bus, data and total (if present and greater than
data); Detail, if present, for Type; module voltage, if
available.
-S Panel/shell information in desktop output, if in X (like
gnome-shell, cinnamon, mate-panel).
-w -W Location (uses -z/irc filter), weather observation time, wind
chill, heat index, dew point (shows extra lines for data where
relevant).
-y Required extra option: integer, 80 or greater. Set the output line
width max. Overrides IRC/Terminal settings or actual widths. If used
with -h, put -y option first. Example: inxi -y 130
-z Security filters for IP/Mac addresses, location, user home directory
name. Default on for irc clients.
-Z Absolute override for output filters. Useful for debugging networking
issues in irc for example.
Additional Options:
-h --help This help menu.
-H This help menu, plus developer options. Do not use dev options
in normal operation!
--recommends Checks inxi application dependencies + recommends, and
directories, then shows what package(s) you need to install to
add support for that feature.
-V --version inxi version information. Prints information then exits.
Debugging Options:
-% Overrides defective or corrupted data.
-@ Triggers debugger output. Requires debugging level 1-14 (8-10 - logging
of data). Less than 8 just triggers inxi debugger output on screen.
1-7 On screen debugger output
8 Basic logging
9 Full file/sys info logging
10 Color logging.
The following create a tar.gz file of system data, plus collecting the
inxi output to file. To automatically upload debugger data tar.gz file
to ftp.techpatterns.com: inxi -xx@ <11-14>
For alternate ftp upload locations:
Example: inxi -! ftp.yourserver.com/incoming -xx@ 14
11 With data file of xiin read of /sys.
12 With xorg conf and log data, xrandr, xprop, xdpyinfo, glxinfo etc.
13 With data from dev, disks, partitions, etc., plus xiin data file.
14 Everything, full data collection.
Advanced Options:
-! 31 Turns off hostname in output. Useful if showing output from servers etc.
-! 32 Turns on hostname in output. Overrides global B_SHOW_HOST='false'
-! 33 Forces use of dmidecode data instead of /sys where relevant (-M).