在一个ext3的根文件系统，里面有个临时文件，删除的时候报错：
$ sudo rm -f .rc.local.swp
rm: cannot remove ‘.rc.local.swp’: Input/output error
ls的时候也报错：
$ ls -la
ls: cannot access .rc.local.swp: Input/output error
total 11
drwxr-xr-x 3 rootroot1024 Sep 12 23:20 .
drwxrwxr-x 18 charles charles 1024 Sep 8 01:05 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 rootroot 980 Jan 2 2014 bootchartd.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 rootroot 293 Sep 12 23:15 fstab
-rw-r--r-- 1 rootroot 44 Dec 16 2013 group
drwxr-xr-x 2 rootroot1024 Sep 12 23:05 init.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 rootroot 153 Dec 16 2013 inittab
-rw-r--r-- 1 rootroot 118 Dec 16 2013 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 rootroot 128 Dec 22 2013 profile
-rwxr-xr-x 1 rootroot 502 Sep 12 23:20 rc.local
-????????? ? ? ? ?? .rc.local.swp
解决方法是，使用 fsck 修复文件系统：
$ fsck.ext3 rootfs.img
e2fsck 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
rootfs.img contains a file system with errors, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Entry '.rc.local.swp' in /etc (119889) has deleted/unused inode 119892. Clear<y>? yes
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
Block bitmap differences: -7170 -(485381--485388) -(488452--488455)
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #0 (7655, counted=7656).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #59 (7896, counted=7908).
Fix<y>? yes
Free blocks count wrong (438258, counted=438271).
Fix<y>? yes
Inode bitmap differences: -119892
Fix<y>? yes
Free inodes count wrong for group #59 (2020, counted=2021).
Fix<y>? yes
Free inodes count wrong (127446, counted=127447).
Fix<y>? yes
rootfs.img: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
rootfs.img: 569/128016 files (2.6% non-contiguous), 73729/512000 blocks
之后，重新 mount 文件系统，发现那个文件已经被删除了。