获取硬盘序列号的方法
找到指定硬盘的设备文件（如果是根目录的话，可以通过读取 /etc/mtab 文件获取），打开对应的设备文件。然后使用系统调用ioctl。
在这里 ioctl 的第二个参数为 HDIO_GET_IDENTITY （获得指定文件描述符的标志号）
第三个参数为 struct hd_driveid ，在 linux/hdreg.h 中。 struct hd_driveid 结构声明如下：
/*
* Structure returned by HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, as per ANSI NCITS ATA6 rev.1b spec.
*
* If you change something here, please remember to update fix_driveid() in
* ide/probe.c.
*/
struct hd_driveid {
unsigned short config; /* lots of obsolete bit flags */
unsigned short cyls; /* Obsolete, "physical" cyls */
unsigned short reserved2; /* reserved (word 2) */
unsigned short heads; /* Obsolete, "physical" heads */
unsigned short track_bytes;/* unformatted bytes per track */
unsigned short sector_bytes; /* unformatted bytes per sector */
unsigned short sectors;/* Obsolete, "physical" sectors per track */
unsigned short vendor0;/* vendor unique */
unsigned short vendor1;/* vendor unique */
unsigned short vendor2;/* Retired vendor unique */
unsigned char serial_no[20]; /* 0 = not_specified */
unsigned short buf_type; /* Retired */
unsigned short buf_size; /* Retired, 512 byte increments
* 0 = not_specified
*/
unsigned short ecc_bytes; /* for r/w long cmds; 0 = not_specified */
unsigned char fw_rev[8]; /* 0 = not_specified */
unsigned char model[40]; /* 0 = not_specified */
unsigned char max_multsect; /* 0=not_implemented */
unsigned char vendor3;/* vendor unique */
unsigned short dword_io; /* 0=not_implemented; 1=implemented */
unsigned char vendor4;/* vendor unique */
unsigned char capability; /* (upper byte of word 49)
* 3: IORDYsup
* 2: IORDYsw
* 1: LBA
* 0: DMA
*/
unsigned short reserved50; /* reserved (word 50) */
unsigned char vendor5;/* Obsolete, vendor unique */
unsigned char tPIO; /* Obsolete, 0=slow, 1=medium, 2=fast */
unsigned char vendor6;/* Obsolete, vendor unique */
unsigned char tDMA; /* Obsolete, 0=slow, 1=medium, 2=fast */
unsigned short field_valid;/* (word 53)
* 2: ultra_okword 88
* 1: eide_ok words 64-70
* 0: cur_ok words 54-58
*/
unsigned short cur_cyls; /* Obsolete, logical cylinders */
unsigned short cur_heads; /* Obsolete, l heads */
unsigned short cur_sectors;/* Obsolete, l sectors per track */
unsigned short cur_capacity0; /* Obsolete, l total sectors on drive */
unsigned short cur_capacity1; /* Obsolete, (2 words, misaligned int) */
unsigned char multsect; /* current multiple sector count */
unsigned char multsect_valid; /* when (bit0==1) multsect is ok */
unsigned intlba_capacity; /* Obsolete, total number of sectors */
unsigned short dma_1word; /* Obsolete, single-word dma info */
unsigned short dma_mword; /* multiple-word dma info */
unsigned short eide_pio_modes; /* bits 0:mode3 1:mode4 */
unsigned short eide_dma_min; /* min mword dma cycle time (ns) */
unsigned short eide_dma_time; /* recommended mword dma cycle time (ns) */
unsigned short eide_pio; /* min cycle time (ns), no IORDY */
unsigned short eide_pio_iordy; /* min cycle time (ns), with IORDY */
unsigned short words69_70[2]; /* reserved words 69-70
* future command overlap and queuing
*/
unsigned short words71_74[4]; /* reserved words 71-74
* for IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command
*/
unsigned short queue_depth;/* (word 75)
* 15:5 reserved
* 4:0 Maximum queue depth -1
*/
unsigned short words76_79[4]; /* reserved words 76-79 */
unsigned short major_rev_num; /* (word 80) */
unsigned short minor_rev_num; /* (word 81) */
unsigned short command_set_1; /* (word 82) supported
* 15: Obsolete
* 14: NOP command
* 13: READ_BUFFER
* 12: WRITE_BUFFER
* 11: Obsolete
* 10: Host Protected Area
* 9: DEVICE Reset
* 8: SERVICE Interrupt
* 7: Release Interrupt
* 6: look-ahead
* 5: write cache
* 4: PACKET Command
* 3: Power Management Feature Set
* 2: Removable Feature Set
* 1: Security Feature Set
* 0: SMART Feature Set
*/
unsigned short command_set_2; /* (word 83)
* 15: Shall be ZERO
* 14: Shall be ONE
* 13: FLUSH CACHE EXT
* 12: FLUSH CACHE
* 11: Device Configuration Overlay
* 10: 48-bit Address Feature Set
* 9: Automatic Acoustic Management
* 8: SET MAX security
* 7: reserved 1407DT PARTIES
* 6: SetF sub-command Power-Up
* 5: Power-Up in Standby Feature Set
* 4: Removable Media Notification
* 3: APM Feature Set
* 2: CFA Feature Set
* 1: READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED
* 0: Download MicroCode
*/
unsigned short cfsse; /* (word 84)
* cmd set-feature supported extensions
* 15: Shall be ZERO
* 14: Shall be ONE
* 13:6 reserved
* 5: General Purpose Logging
* 4: Streaming Feature Set
* 3: Media Card Pass Through
* 2: Media Serial Number Valid
* 1: SMART selt-test supported
* 0: SMART error logging
*/
unsigned short cfs_enable_1; /* (word 85)
* command set-feature enabled
* 15: Obsolete
* 14: NOP command
* 13: READ_BUFFER
* 12: WRITE_BUFFER
* 11: Obsolete
* 10: Host Protected Area
* 9: DEVICE Reset
* 8: SERVICE Interrupt
* 7: Release Interrupt
* 6: look-ahead
* 5: write cache
* 4: PACKET Command
* 3: Power Management Feature Set
* 2: Removable Feature Set
* 1: Security Feature Set
* 0: SMART Feature Set
*/
unsigned short cfs_enable_2; /* (word 86)
* command set-feature enabled
* 15: Shall be ZERO
* 14: Shall be ONE
* 13: FLUSH CACHE EXT
* 12: FLUSH CACHE
* 11: Device Configuration Overlay
* 10: 48-bit Address Feature Set
* 9: Automatic Acoustic Management
* 8: SET MAX security
* 7: reserved 1407DT PARTIES
* 6: SetF sub-command Power-Up
* 5: Power-Up in Standby Feature Set
* 4: Removable Media Notification
* 3: APM Feature Set
* 2: CFA Feature Set
* 1: READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED
* 0: Download MicroCode
*/
unsigned short csf_default;/* (word 87)
* command set-feature default
* 15: Shall be ZERO
* 14: Shall be ONE
* 13:6 reserved
* 5: General Purpose Logging enabled
* 4: Valid CONFIGURE STREAM executed
* 3: Media Card Pass Through enabled
* 2: Media Serial Number Valid
* 1: SMART selt-test supported
* 0: SMART error logging
*/
unsigned short dma_ultra; /* (word 88) */
unsigned short trseuc; /* time required for security erase */
unsigned short trsEuc; /* time required for enhanced erase */
unsigned short CurAPMvalues; /* current APM values */
unsigned short mprc; /* master password revision code */
unsigned short hw_config; /* hardware config (word 93)
* 15: Shall be ZERO
* 14: Shall be ONE
* 13:
* 12:
* 11:
* 10:
* 9:
* 8:
* 7:
* 6:
* 5:
* 4:
* 3:
* 2:
* 1:
* 0: Shall be ONE
*/
unsigned short acoustic; /* (word 94)
* 15:8 Vendor's recommended value
* 7:0 current value
*/
unsigned short msrqs; /* min stream request size */
unsigned short sxfert; /* stream transfer time */
unsigned short sal;/* stream access latency */
unsigned intspg;/* stream performance granularity */
unsigned long long lba_capacity_2;/* 48-bit total number of sectors */
unsigned short words104_125[22];/* reserved words 104-125 */
unsigned short last_lun; /* (word 126) */
unsigned short word127;/* (word 127) Feature Set
* Removable Media Notification
* 15:2 reserved
* 1:0 00 = not supported
* 01 = supported
* 10 = reserved
* 11 = reserved
*/
unsigned short dlf;/* (word 128)
* device lock function
* 15:9 reserved
* 8 security level 1:max 0:high
* 7:6 reserved
* 5 enhanced erase
* 4 expire
* 3 frozen
* 2 locked
* 1 en/disabled
* 0 capability
*/
unsigned short csfo; /* (word 129)
* current set features options
* 15:4 reserved
* 3: auto reassign
* 2: reverting
* 1: read-look-ahead
* 0: write cache
*/
unsigned short words130_155[26];/* reserved vendor words 130-155 */
unsigned short word156;/* reserved vendor word 156 */
unsigned short words157_159[3];/* reserved vendor words 157-159 */
unsigned short cfa_power; /* (word 160) CFA Power Mode
* 15 word 160 supported
* 14 reserved
* 13
* 12
* 11:0
*/
unsigned short words161_175[15];/* Reserved for CFA */
unsigned short words176_205[30];/* Current Media Serial Number */
unsigned short words206_254[49];/* reserved words 206-254 */
unsigned short integrity_word; /* (word 255)
* 15:8 Checksum
* 7:0 Signature
*/
};
其中 serial_no 问硬盘的序列号，如果此项为0，则为没有提供。
源码如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <linux/hdreg.h>
#include <sys/fcntl.h>
int main(){
struct hd_driveid id;
int fd = open("/dev/sda",O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
if(fd < 0){
perror("dev/sda");
return 1;
}