CentOS 7 之前的版本是通过 /etc/inittab 文件来定义系统运行级别:
[sywu@wusuyuan ~]$ cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
[sywu@wusuyuan ~]$ cat /etc/inittab
# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.
#
# ADDING OTHER CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
#
# System initialization is started by /etc/init/rcS.conf
#
# Individual runlevels are started by /etc/init/rc.conf
#
# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/init/control-alt-delete.conf
#
# Terminal gettys are handled by /etc/init/tty.conf and /etc/init/serial.conf,
# with configuration in /etc/sysconfig/init.
#
# For information on how to write upstart event handlers, or how
# upstart works, see init(5), init(8), and initctl(8).
#
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:
# 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
# 1 - Single user mode
# 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)
# 3 - Full multiuser mode
# 4 - unused
# 5 - X11
# 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#
id:3:initdefault:
[sywu@wusuyuan ~]$
CentOS 7 版本不再使用该文件定义系统运行级别,相关运行级别设置无效:
[sywu@c1-11r2-rac1 etc]$ cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
[sywu@c1-11r2-rac1 etc]$ cat /etc/inittab
# inittab is no longer used when using systemd.
#
# ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
#
# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target
#
# systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
#
# multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3
# graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5
#
# To set a default target, run:
#
# ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/<target name>.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
#
id:3:initdefault: #无效
[sywu@c1-11r2-rac1 etc]$
新版本的运行级别都定义在 /lib/systemd/system下:
[sywu@c1-11r2-rac1 system]$ ls -ltr /lib/systemd/system/runlevel*
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 7月 30 14:22 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel1.target -> rescue.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 7月 30 14:22 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 7月 30 14:22 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 7月 30 14:22 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 7月 30 14:22 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 7月 30 14:22 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target -> graphical.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 7月 30 14:22 /lib/systemd/system/runlevel6.target -> reboot.target
可以针对不同需要设置不同的运行级别:
如设置命令行级别方法:
ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
或
ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
或
systemctl set-default multi-user.target
设置窗口级别方法:
ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
或
ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
或
systemctl set-default graphical.target
CentOS 7运行级别的切换：http://www.linuxdiyf.com/linux/3796.html
CentOS 6.6运行级别：http://www.linuxdiyf.com/linux/8792.html
Unix/Linux系统运行级别：http://www.linuxdiyf.com/linux/11073.html