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Linux下搭建HA高可用集群

发布时间:2015-06-11 15:19:20来源:linux网站作者:模范生

HA 即 (high available)高可用,又被叫做双机热备,用于关键性业务。 简单理解就是,有两台机器A和B,正常是A提供服务,B待命闲置,当A宕机或服务宕掉,会切换至B机器继续提供服务。常用实现高可用的开源软件有heartbeat和keepalived,其中keepalived有负载均衡的功能。

下面我们使用heartbeat来做HA集群,并且把nginx服务作为HA对应的服务。


试验准备工作:
两台机器,都是CentOS6.6,各增加一块网卡eth1,使用主机模式连接vmnet1,并设定为192.168.11.0网段;eth0为NAT模式,网段为192.168.20.0网段;

Linux下搭建HA高可用集群

开机启动后,拷贝ifcfg-eth0 到 ifcfg-eth1,修改DEVICE为eth1,ip地址设为:192.168.11.20
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1
# cat ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.11.20

设置完成后,重启网卡,ifconfig查看eth0、eth1的ip地址;

# /etc/init.d/network restart
#ifconfig


主机的配置:

hostname hello
eth0:192.168.20.20
eth1:192.168.11.20

从机的配置:
hostname web
eth0:192.168.20.30
eth1:192.168.11.30

1、设置hostname,分别为hello和 web;
2、主从都需要关闭防火墙;关闭selinux;
# iptables -F
# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled

3、 vi /etc/hosts  //主从都需要增加内容如下:
192.168.20.20 hello
192.168.20.30 web

4、安装epel扩展源
# yum install -y epel-release

5、两个机器都安装heartbeat、libnet

#yum  install -y heartbeat*  libnet  nginx

nginx做代理服务;
6、主上(hello)配置
Heartbeat软件的安装目录为/etc/ha.d目录;
拷贝配置文件的模板到/etc/ha.d目录;
cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/
cp  authkeys  ha.cf haresources  /etc/ha.d/
cd /etc/ha.d

vi  authkeys  //去掉前面的#号,或加入下面的内容:

auth 3
3 md5 Hello!

更改权限为600

chmod 600 authkeys

vi  haresources  //加入

hello 192.168.11.100/24/eth1:0 nginx

192.168.11.100 ip地址是流动ip,虚拟ip;用来绑定服务的;子网掩码为24位;使用eth1:0绑定虚拟ip,并运行nginx进行测试;

注意:两台主机的haresources文件设置必须完全一致。

vi  ha.cf  //更改为如下内容:
debugfile /var/log/ha-debug
logfile /var/log/ha-log
logfacility    local0
keepalive 2
deadtime 30
warntime 10
initdead 60
udpport 694
ucast eth1 192.168.11.30
auto_failback on
node    hello
node    web
ping 192.168.11.1
respawn hacluster /usr/lib/heartbeat/ipfail

7、把主上的三个配置拷贝到从上:

#cd /etc/ha.d/
#scp  authkeys  ha.cf haresources  web:/etc/ha.d/

8、从上(web) 只需要编辑ha.cf
vi  /etc/ha.d/ha.cf  //只需要更改一个地方
ucast eth1 192.168.11.30 改为  ucast eth1 192.168.11.20
9、启动heartbeat
先主,后从
#service heartbeat start

10、检查测试
ifconfig 查看是否有 eth1:0 出现则说明主已经开始工作;
[root@yong ~]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:43:3D:32
inet addr:192.168.20.20  Bcast:192.168.20.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe43:3d32/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
RX packets:433 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:429 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:37095 (36.2 KiB)  TX bytes:75381 (73.6 KiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:43:3D:3C
inet addr:192.168.11.20  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe43:3d3c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
RX packets:396 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:399 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:83641 (81.6 KiB)  TX bytes:89725 (87.6 KiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2080
          
eth1:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:43:3D:3C
inet addr:192.168.11.100  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2080
          
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

查看是否有nginx进程、heartbeat进程;

[root@yong ha.d]# ps aux |grep nginx
root      3731  0.0  0.1  5000  632 ?        Ss  10:52  0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody    3732  0.0  0.1  5200  984 ?        S    10:52  0:00 nginx: worker process

[root@yong ha.d]# ps aux |grep heartbeat
root      2765  0.3  1.3  6684  6676        SLs  10:44  0:01 heartbeat: master control process
root      2770  0.0  1.2  6488  6480        SL  10:44  0:00 heartbeat: FIFO reader
root      2771  0.0  1.2  6484  6476        SL  10:44  0:00 heartbeat: write: ucast eth1
root      2772  0.0  1.2  6484  6476        SL  10:44  0:00 heartbeat: read: ucast eth1
root      2773  0.0  1.2  6484  6476        SL  10:44  0:00 heartbeat: write: ping 192.168.11.1
root      2774  0.0  1.2  6484  6476        SL  10:44  0:00 heartbeat: read: ping 192.168.11.1
498      2787  0.0  0.2  5380  1488        S    10:45  0:00 /usr/lib/heartbeat/ipfail

11、测试1:主上故意禁ping
#iptables -I INPUT -p icmp -j DROP

Windows客户端一直ping 192.168.11.100 ,一直通,禁止ping之后中间会中断一会,之后一直通;

Linux下搭建HA高可用集群

在从上ifconfig查看出现eth1:0,查看nginx进程也有,说明转换到从机器上运行;
[root@web ~]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:97:C3:EC
inet addr:192.168.20.30  Bcast:192.168.20.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe97:c3ec/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
RX packets:460 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:469 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:37104 (36.2 KiB)  TX bytes:101866 (99.4 KiB)
Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
          
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:97:C3:F6
inet addr:192.168.11.30  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe97:c3f6/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
TX packets:1035 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:191275 (186.7 KiB)  TX bytes:182393 (178.1 KiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2080
          
eth1:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:97:C3:F6
inet addr:192.168.11.100  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2080

12、测试2:主上停止heartbeat服务
1 #service heartbeat stop

Windows客户端一直ping 192.168.11.100 ,一直通,停止心跳服务后中间会中断一会,之后一直通;
在从上ifconfig查看出现eth1:0,查看nginx进程也有,说明转换到从机器上运行;

13、测试3:测试脑裂,主和从都停掉eth1网卡;

eth1网卡禁用,ifdown eth1 心跳线断了之后,会发生脑裂;主从之间连接断了,从在死亡时间没收到主的心跳,则认为主死亡。
主死了,从机器接管服务,从机器使用虚拟ip地址,主和从都在运行服务;
主机器没有eth1网卡,一直运行nginx;
[root@yong ha.d]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:43:3D:32
inet addr:192.168.20.20  Bcast:192.168.20.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe43:3d32/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
RX packets:11442 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:15376 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:842833 (823.0 KiB)  TX bytes:10226838 (9.7 MiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
RX packets:1163 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1163 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:150095 (146.5 KiB)  TX bytes:150095 (146.5 KiB)

[root@yong ha.d]# ps aux |grep nginx
root    11686  0.0  0.1  5000  636 ?        Ss  14:27  0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody  11687  0.0  0.1  5200  988 ?        S    14:27  0:00 nginx: worker process

从机器查看地址,eth1:0出现
[root@localhost ha.d]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:97:C3:EC
inet addr:192.168.20.30  Bcast:192.168.20.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe97:c3ec/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
RX packets:7901 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:5891 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:603592 (589.4 KiB)  TX bytes:2094606 (1.9 MiB)
Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:97:C3:F6
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe97:c3f6/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
RX packets:20774 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:59144 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:3513861 (3.3 MiB)  TX bytes:12998603 (12.3 MiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2080
eth1:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:97:C3:F6
inet addr:192.168.11.100  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2080

[root@localhost ha.d]# ps aux |grep nginx
root      8938  0.0  0.0  3684  584        Ss  14:37  0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody    8940  0.0  0.1  4936  2008        S    14:37  0:00 nginx: worker process                                        
nobody    8941  0.0  0.2  4936  2064        S    14:37  0:00 nginx: worker process

14、测试4:设置auto_failback off
主从都需要配置,启动heartbeat,主上禁止ping之后,跳转到从机器,主恢复ping之后,也不会跳转到主,一直是从机器提供服务;

HA高可用搭建完毕;


Linux学习之使用RHCS套件搭建HA高可用集群:http://www.linuxdiyf.com/linux/10674.html

CentOS 7下搭建高可用集群:http://www.linuxdiyf.com/linux/10435.html

CentOS 6.5高可用集群LVS+Keepalived(DR模式):http://www.linuxdiyf.com/linux/11464.html

Linux系统高可用集群软件之HeartBeat:http://www.linuxdiyf.com/linux/10348.html

Linux系统高可用集群软件之Keepalived:http://www.linuxdiyf.com/linux/10347.html