这个文件摘自fedora11的官方安装指南中文版(其实未完全中文化~),在分区方面给了新手以比较好的指导。
A.1.8. 多少个分区?
At this point in the process of preparing to install Fedora, you must give some consideration to the number and size of the partitions to be used by your new operating system. The question of "how many partitions" continues to spark debate within the Linux community and, without any end to the debate in sight, it is safe to say that there are probably as many partition layouts as there are people debating the issue.
记住,我们推荐,除非你有特殊的原因,你应该至少创建下面的分区:swap、/boot/(或者是用于 Itanium 系统的 /boot/efi/ 分区)、用于 Itanium 系统的 /var/ 分区以及 /(根分区)。
7.21.4. 推荐的分区方案
7.21.4.1. x86、AMD64 和 Intel® 64 位系统
除非你另有原因,我们推荐你为基于 x86、AMD64 和 Intel® 64 位系统创建以下分区:
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A swap partition
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A /boot partition
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A / partition
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A swap partition (at least 256 MB)
Swap partitions are used to support virtual memory. In other words, data is written to a swap partition when there is not enough RAM to store the data your system is processing. In addition, certain power management features store all of the memory for a suspended system in the available swap partitions.
如果你不确定创建多大的交换分区,你可以指定两倍于系统物理内存的大小。分区类型必须是 swap。
创建大小合适的交换空间依赖于以下几个因素(按重要性依次排列):
o
在机器上运行的应用程序。
o
机器上安装的物理内存数量。
o
操作系统的版本。
物理内存低于 2GB 时,交换空间应该是两倍于物理内存大小。对于任何高于 2GB 的内存,则为相同数量,但绝不能少于 32MB。
所以,如果:
M = 内存的 GB 数,S = 交换空间的 GB 数,然后
If M < 2
S = M *2
Else
S = M + 2
使用这个公式,物理内存为 2GB 的系统应该有 4GB 的交换空间,物理内存为 3GB 的系统应该有 5GB 交换空间。创建一个较大的交换分区在你计划将来升级内存的时候特别有帮助。
对于具备超大内存的系统(超过 32GB),你可能能够使用一个较小的交换分区(物理内存的一倍或更少)。
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A /boot/ partition (100 MB)
The partition mounted on /boot/ contains the operating system kernel (which allows your system to boot Fedora), along with files used during the bootstrap process. Due to limitations, creating a native ext3 partition to hold these files is required. For most users, a 100 MB boot partition is sufficient.
ext4 and Btrfs
The GRUB bootloader does not support the ext4 or Btrfs file systems. You cannot use an ext4 or Btrfs partition for /boot/.
Note
如果你的硬盘大于 1024 个柱面(而且你的系统至少是在两年前制造的),而且你想让 /(根)分区使用硬盘上的所有剩余空间,你可能需要创建一个 /boot 分区。
Note
如果你有一张 RAID 卡,请注意某些 BIOS 不支持从 RAID 卡中引导。在这种情况下,/boot/ 分区必须在 RAID 阵列之外被创建,如在一个单独的硬盘驱动器上创建。
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A root partition (3.0 GB - 5.0 GB)
This is where "/" (the root directory) is located. In this setup, all files (except those stored in /boot) are on the root partition.
A 3.0 GB partition allows you to install a minimal installation, while a 5.0 GB root partition lets you perform a full installation, choosing all package groups.
Root and /root
The / (or root) partition is the top of the directory structure. The /root directory/root (sometimes pronounced "slash-root") directory is the home directory of the user account for system administration.
Many systems have more partitions than the minimum listed above. Choose partitions based on your particular system needs. For example, consider creating a separate /home partition on systems that store user data. Refer to 第 7.21.4.1.1 节 “Advice on Partitions” for more information.
If you create many partitions instead of one large / partition, upgrades become easier. Refer to the description the Edit option in 第 7.21.2 节 “The partitioning screen” for more information.
The following table summarizes minimum partition sizes for the partitions containing the listed directories. You do not have to make a separate partition for each of these directories. For instance, if the partition containing /foo must be at least 500 MB, and you do not make a separate /foo partition, then the / (root) partition must be at least 500 MB.
Directory Minimum size
/ 250 MB
/usr 250 MB, but avoid placing this on a separate partition
/tmp 50 MB
/var 384 MB
/home 100 MB
/boot 75 MB
表 7.3. Minimum partition sizes
Leave Excess Capacity Unallocated
Only assign storage capacity to those partitions you require immediately. You may allocate free space at any time, to meet needs as they occur. To learn about a more flexible method for storage management, refer to 附录 D, Understanding LVM.
If you are not sure how best to configure the partitions for your computer, accept the default partition layout.
7.21.4.1.1. Advice on Partitions
最佳分区设置取决于Linux系统的用途。以下关于如何分配磁盘空间的提示可能对您有所帮助。
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如果您和其他用户想在系统上存储数据,可以在卷组中为/home目录创建一个独立的分区。有了独立的/home分区后,升级或重装Fedora时就不再需要删除用户的文件了。
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Each kernel installed on your system requires approximately 10 MB on the /boot partition. Unless you plan to install a great many kernels, the default partition size of 100 MB for /boot should suffice.
ext4 and Btrfs
The GRUB bootloader does not support the ext4 or Btrfs file systems. You cannot use an ext4 or btrfs partition for /boot.
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/var目录包含了大量的安装程序文件,包括Apacheweb服务器。同时它也存放下载的更新包。确保/var目录所在分区有足够的空间来保存下载的更新和您的其它内容。
Pending Updates
由于Fedora是一个不断更新的软件包集合,因此发行周期之后晚一些时间会提供大量 的更新。您以后可以为安装源添加一个更新仓库来最小化这个过程。参考第 7.23.1 节 “Installing from Additional Repositories”了解更多信息。
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Fedora系统中/usr目录存放主要软件。对于安装默认的软件包来说,至少需要4GB空间。如果您是程序开发员或打算用Fedora学习软件开发,则需要8GB以上的空间。
Do not place /usr on a separate partition
如果/usr是/之外一个独立分区的话,启动过程会变得更加复杂,某些情况下(如在iSCSI设备上安装)可能还会不工作。
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考虑一下在LVM卷组中保留一点未分配空间。在您想要调整分区但又不想删除其它分区的数据时,这是个办法。
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若您将子目录分配到各个分区中,那么在安装新版Fedora时您就可以保留这些子目录中的内容。例如在/var/lib/mysql中运行MySQL数据库,如果以后打算重装那么就应该把该目录单独分一个区。
以下是针对一个80GB新硬盘,1GB内存的分区方案。注意为了以后的调整,大概10GB的卷组空间没有分配。
Example Usage
这个方案并不是所有情形下最好的。
Partition Size and type
/boot 100 MB ext3 partition
swap 2 GB swap
LVM物理卷 保留空间,做为一个LVM卷组
表 7.4. Example partition setup
物理卷分配到默认的卷组中并被分为以下逻辑卷:
Partition Size and type
/ 13 GB ext4
/var 4 GB ext4
/home 50 GB ext4
表 7.5. 示例分区设置:LVM物理卷
例 7.1. Example partition setup
随意多好 于 2012-10-18 09:38:18发表:
挺好的文档,谢谢了
jiazhi 于 2012-01-01 13:33:35发表:
不错,正在学习中:0)1
操作靠手 于 2011-10-17 16:44:16发表:
这帖子也太神奇了。这么久都浮出来了。
ice5335 于 2011-10-13 15:06:22发表:
新手 分几个好
marco.chan 于 2009-12-11 15:15:21发表:
个人看法:那个官方指导其实很不实用。
cxjnet 于 2009-12-10 21:15:01发表:
呵呵,学习一下
linwhwylb 于 2009-10-31 15:50:10发表:
惯用的做法,新手还是两个。
Fallsare 于 2009-10-31 12:31:40发表:
那些分区是给专业的参考,普通用户分二个基本的就完事