这篇看一下Linux 平台下R 环境的安装。
一. 用YUM解决依赖包问题
R 下载地址：
http://www.r-project.org/
Linux 下的R 安装需要如下rpm包：
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# ls
libRmath-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm R-core-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
libRmath-devel-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm R-devel-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
R-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# ll
total 32086
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 104394 Mar 4 12:18 libRmath-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 151494 Mar 4 12:18 libRmath-devel-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14688 Mar 4 12:18 R-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 32495231 Mar 4 12:30 R-core-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 88663 Mar 4 12:18 R-devel-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
但是安装这些包会牵涉到很多依赖的包，我们可以使用YUM 来解决这个问题。
用YUM 解决依赖包：
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# yum install pcre-devel
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pcre-devel.x86_640:7.8-3.1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing:
pcre-devel x86_64 7.8-3.1.el6 dave 317 k
Transaction Summary
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 317 k
Installed size: 954 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : pcre-devel-7.8-3.1.el6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
pcre-devel.x86_64 0:7.8-3.1.el6
Complete!
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# yum install tcl-devel
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tcl-devel.x86_641:8.5.7-6.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: tcl =1:8.5.7-6.el6 for package: 1:tcl-devel-8.5.7-6.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:libtcl8.5.so()(64bit) for package: 1:tcl-devel-8.5.7-6.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tcl.x86_64 1:8.5.7-6.el6will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing:
tcl-devel x86_64 1:8.5.7-6.el6 dave 161 k
Installing for dependencies:
tcl x86_64 1:8.5.7-6.el6 dave 1.9 M
Transaction Summary
Install 2 Package(s)
Total download size: 2.1 M
Installed size: 5.1 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Total 16 MB/s | 2.1 MB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : 1:tcl-8.5.7-6.el6.x86_64 1/2
Installing : 1:tcl-devel-8.5.7-6.el6.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
tcl-devel.x86_64 1:8.5.7-6.el6
Dependency Installed:
tcl.x86_64 1:8.5.7-6.el6
Complete!
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# yum install zlib-devel
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package zlib-devel.x86_640:1.2.3-25.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing:
zlib-devel x86_64 1.2.3-25.el6 dave 43 k
Transaction Summary
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 43 k
Installed size: 115 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : zlib-devel-1.2.3-25.el6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.3-25.el6
Coplete!
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# yum install bzip2-devel
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bzip2-devel.x86_640:1.0.5-7.el6_0 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing:
bzip2-devel x86_64 1.0.5-7.el6_0 dave 250 k
Transaction Summary
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 250 k
Installed size: 412 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : bzip2-devel-1.0.5-7.el6_0.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
bzip2-devel.x86_640:1.0.5-7.el6_0
Complete!
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# yum install libX11-devel
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libX11-devel.x86_640:1.3-2.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency:pkgconfig(xcb) >= 1.1.92 for package: libX11-devel-1.3-2.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXau-develfor package: libX11-devel-1.3-2.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:pkgconfig(kbproto) for package: libX11-devel-1.3-2.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:pkgconfig(xcb) for package: libX11-devel-1.3-2.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:libXdmcp-devel for package: libX11-devel-1.3-2.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:pkgconfig(xproto) for package: libX11-devel-1.3-2.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXau-devel.x86_640:1.0.5-1.el6 will be installed
---> Package libXdmcp-devel.x86_640:1.0.3-1.el6 will be installed
---> Package libxcb-devel.x86_640:1.5-1.el6 will be installed
---> Package xorg-x11-proto-devel.noarch0:7.4-35.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing:
libX11-devel x86_64 1.3-2.el6 dave 1.0 M
Installing for dependencies:
libXau-devel x86_64 1.0.5-1.el6 dave 13 k
libXdmcp-devel x86_64 1.0.3-1.el6 dave 9.1 k
libxcb-devel x86_64 1.5-1.el6 dave 138 k
xorg-x11-proto-devel noarch 7.4-35.el6 dave 249 k
Transaction Summary
Install 5 Package(s)
Total download size: 1.4 M
Installed size: 4.5 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Total 10 MB/s | 1.4 MB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : xorg-x11-proto-devel-7.4-35.el6.noarch 1/5
Installing : libXau-devel-1.0.5-1.el6.x86_64 2/5
Installing : libxcb-devel-1.5-1.el6.x86_64 3/5
Installing : libXdmcp-devel-1.0.3-1.el6.x86_64 4/5
Installing : libX11-devel-1.3-2.el6.x86_64 5/5
Installed:
libX11-devel.x86_64 0:1.3-2.el6
Dependency Installed:
libXau-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.5-1.el6 libXdmcp-devel.x86_640:1.0.3-1.el6
libxcb-devel.x86_64 0:1.5-1.el6 xorg-x11-proto-devel.noarch0:7.4-35.el6
Complete!
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# yum install tk-devel
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tk-devel.x86_641:8.5.7-5.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: tk =1:8.5.7-5.el6 for package: 1:tk-devel-8.5.7-5.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXft-develfor package: 1:tk-devel-8.5.7-5.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:libtk8.5.so()(64bit) for package: 1:tk-devel-8.5.7-5.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXft-devel.x86_640:2.1.13-4.1.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency:fontconfig-devel >= 2.2-1 for package: libXft-devel-2.1.13-4.1.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:freetype-devel >= 2.1.9-2 for package: libXft-devel-2.1.13-4.1.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:pkgconfig(xrender) for package: libXft-devel-2.1.13-4.1.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:pkgconfig(freetype2) for package: libXft-devel-2.1.13-4.1.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:pkgconfig(fontconfig) for package: libXft-devel-2.1.13-4.1.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXrender-develfor package: libXft-devel-2.1.13-4.1.el6.x86_64
---> Package tk.x86_64 1:8.5.7-5.el6will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package fontconfig-devel.x86_640:2.8.0-3.el6 will be installed
---> Package freetype-devel.x86_640:2.3.11-6.el6_0.2 will be installed
---> Package libXrender-devel.x86_640:0.9.5-1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing:
tk-devel x86_64 1:8.5.7-5.el6 dave 496 k
Installing for dependencies:
fontconfig-devel x86_64 2.8.0-3.el6 dave 209 k
freetype-devel x86_64 2.3.11-6.el6_0.2 dave 362 k
libXft-devel x86_64 2.1.13-4.1.el6 dave 18 k
libXrender-devel x86_64 0.9.5-1.el6 dave 15 k
tk x86_64 1:8.5.7-5.el6 dave 1.4 M
Transaction Summary
Install 6 Package(s)
Total download size: 2.5 M
Installed size: 7.4 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Total 13 MB/s | 2.5 MB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : freetype-devel-2.3.11-6.el6_0.2.x86_64 1/6
Installing : fontconfig-devel-2.8.0-3.el6.x86_64 2/6
Installing : 1:tk-8.5.7-5.el6.x86_64 3/6
Installing : libXrender-devel-0.9.5-1.el6.x86_64 4/6
Installing : libXft-devel-2.1.13-4.1.el6.x86_64 5/6
Installing : 1:tk-devel-8.5.7-5.el6.x86_64 6/6
Installed:
tk-devel.x86_641:8.5.7-5.el6
Dependency Installed:
fontconfig-devel.x86_64 0:2.8.0-3.el6 freetype-devel.x86_640:2.3.11-6.el6_0.2
libXft-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.13-4.1.el6 libXrender-devel.x86_640:0.9.5-1.el6
tk.x86_64 1:8.5.7-5.el6
Complete!
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# yum install tetex-latex
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package texlive-latex.x86_640:2007-56.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: texlive-dvips= 2007-56.el6 for package: texlive-latex-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: texlive-texmf-errata= 2007 for package: texlive-latex-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: texlive =2007-56.el6 for package: texlive-latex-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: texlive-utils= 2007-56.el6 for package: texlive-latex-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:texlive-texmf-latex = 2007 for package: texlive-latex-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:/usr/bin/fmtutil-sys for package: texlive-latex-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:/usr/bin/fmtutil for package: texlive-latex-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: netpbm-progsfor package: texlive-latex-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:/usr/bin/texconfig-sys for package: texlive-latex-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package netpbm-progs.x86_640:10.47.05-11.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: netpbm =10.47.05-11.el6 for package: netpbm-progs-10.47.05-11.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:libnetpbm.so.10()(64bit) for package: netpbm-progs-10.47.05-11.el6.x86_64
---> Package texlive.x86_640:2007-56.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency:texlive-texmf-fonts = 2007 for package: texlive-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: texlive-texmf= 2007 for package: texlive-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency:libkpathsea.so.4()(64bit) for package: texlive-2007-56.el6.x86_64
---> Package texlive-dvips.x86_640:2007-56.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency:texlive-texmf-dvips = 2007 for package: texlive-dvips-2007-56.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: psutils forpackage: texlive-dvips-2007-56.el6.x86_64
---> Package texlive-texmf-errata.noarch0:2007-7.1.el6 will be installed
---> Package texlive-texmf-latex.noarch0:2007-35.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency:texlive-texmf-errata-latex = 2007 for package:texlive-texmf-latex-2007-35.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: tex-previewfor package: texlive-texmf-latex-2007-35.el6.noarch
---> Package texlive-utils.x86_640:2007-56.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kpathsea.x86_640:2007-56.el6 will be installed
---> Package netpbm.x86_640:10.47.05-11.el6 will be installed
---> Package psutils.x86_640:1.17-34.el6 will be installed
---> Package tex-preview.noarch 0:11.85-10.el6will be installed
---> Package texlive-texmf.noarch0:2007-35.el6 will be installed
---> Package texlive-texmf-dvips.noarch0:2007-35.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency:texlive-texmf-errata-dvips = 2007 for package: texlive-texmf-dvips-2007-35.el6.noarch
---> Packagetexlive-texmf-errata-latex.noarch 0:2007-7.1.el6 will be installed
---> Package texlive-texmf-fonts.noarch0:2007-35.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency:texlive-texmf-errata-fonts = 2007 for package: texlive-texmf-fonts-2007-35.el6.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Packagetexlive-texmf-errata-dvips.noarch 0:2007-7.1.el6 will be installed
---> Packagetexlive-texmf-errata-fonts.noarch 0:2007-7.1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing:
texlive-latex x86_64 2007-56.el6 dave 82 k
Installing for dependencies:
kpathsea x86_64 2007-56.el6 dave 117 k
netpbm x86_64 10.47.05-11.el6 dave 802 k
netpbm-progs x86_64 10.47.05-11.el6 dave 1.7 M
psutils x86_64 1.17-34.el6 dave 46 k
tex-preview noarch 11.85-10.el6 dave 49 k
texlive x86_64 2007-56.el6 dave 1.8 M
texlive-dvips x86_64 2007-56.el6 dave 193 k
texlive-texmf noarch 2007-35.el6 dave 2.8 M
texlive-texmf-dvips noarch 2007-35.el6 dave 237 k
texlive-texmf-errata noarch 2007-7.1.el6 dave 4.8 k
texlive-texmf-errata-dvips noarch 2007-7.1.el6 dave 4.8 k
texlive-texmf-errata-fonts noarch 2007-7.1.el6 dave 5.0 k
texlive-texmf-errata-latex noarch 2007-7.1.el6 dave 4.9 k
texlive-texmf-fonts noarch 2007-35.el6 dave 48 M
texlive-texmf-latex noarch 2007-35.el6 dave 5.3 M
texlive-utils x86_64 2007-56.el6 dave 253 k
Transaction Summary
Install 17 Package(s)
Total download size: 62 M
Installed size: 162 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Total 38 MB/s | 62 MB 00:01
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : texlive-texmf-errata-2007-7.1.el6.noarch 1/17
Installing : texlive-texmf-2007-35.el6.noarch 2/17
Installing : kpathsea-2007-56.el6.x86_64 3/17
Installing : texlive-texmf-errata-fonts-2007-7.1.el6.noarch 4/17
Installing : netpbm-10.47.05-11.el6.x86_64 5/17
Installing : netpbm-progs-10.47.05-11.el6.x86_64 6/17
Installing : texlive-texmf-errata-dvips-2007-7.1.el6.noarch 7/17
Installing : texlive-texmf-dvips-2007-35.el6.noarch 8/17
Installing : texlive-texmf-fonts-2007-35.el6.noarch 9/17
Installing : texlive-2007-56.el6.x86_64 10/17
Installing : texlive-texmf-errata-latex-2007-7.1.el6.noarch 11/17
Installing : psutils-1.17-34.el6.x86_64 12/17
Installing : texlive-dvips-2007-56.el6.x86_64 13/17
Installing : texlive-utils-2007-56.el6.x86_64 14/17
Installing : texlive-texmf-latex-2007-35.el6.noarch 15/17
Installing : texlive-latex-2007-56.el6.x86_64 16/17
Installing : tex-preview-11.85-10.el6.noarch 17/17
Installed:
texlive-latex.x86_64 0:2007-56.el6
Dependency Installed:
kpathsea.x86_64 0:2007-56.el6 netpbm.x86_640:10.47.05-11.el6
netpbm-progs.x86_640:10.47.05-11.el6 psutils.x86_64 0:1.17-34.el6
tex-preview.noarch 0:11.85-10.el6 texlive.x86_640:2007-56.el6
texlive-dvips.x86_64 0:2007-56.el6 texlive-texmf.noarch0:2007-35.el6
texlive-texmf-dvips.noarch 0:2007-35.el6 texlive-texmf-errata.noarch0:2007-7.1.el6
texlive-texmf-errata-dvips.noarch 0:2007-7.1.el6texlive-texmf-errata-fonts.noarch 0:2007-7.1.el6
texlive-texmf-errata-latex.noarch 0:2007-7.1.el6texlive-texmf-fonts.noarch 0:2007-35.el6
texlive-texmf-latex.noarch 0:2007-35.el6 texlive-utils.x86_640:2007-56.el6
Complete!
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]#
二．开始安装R
2.1 安装llibRmath包
这2个包没什么依赖，好安装
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -ivhlibRmath-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
warning: libRmath-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 97d3544e: NOKEY
Preparing... ###########################################[100%]
1:libRmath ########################################### [100%]
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -ivhlibRmath-devel-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
warning:libRmath-devel-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID97d3544e: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libRmath-devel ########################################### [100%]
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]#
2.2 安装R-core，这个要先安装：
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -Uvh R-core-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
warning: R-core-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 97d3544e: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libtcl8.4.so()(64bit) is needed by R-core-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64
libtk8.4.so()(64bit) is needed by R-core-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64
perl(File::Copy::Recursive) is needed by R-core-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64
--这里安装报错，说要8.4 的tcl 包，实际我们已经通过yum安装了8.5的，所以这里我们可以强制安装。
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -qa|grep tcl
tcl-devel-8.5.7-6.el6.x86_64
tcl-8.5.7-6.el6.x86_64
强制安装R-core：
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -Uvh R-core-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: R-core-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 97d3544e: NOKEY
Preparing... ###########################################[100%]
1:R-core ########################################### [100%]
2.3 安装R-devel
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -ivh R-devel-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
warning: R-devel-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 97d3544e: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:R-devel ########################################### [100%]
2.4 最后安装R
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -ivh R-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
warning: R-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm: HeaderV3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 97d3544e: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:R ########################################### [100%]
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]#
至此，R 环境安装完毕。
三．测试
继续Windows 下的测试用例：
[root@rac1 ~]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients canconnect from any host
[root@rac1 ~]# R
R version 2.10.0 (2009-10-26)
Copyright (C) 2009 The R Foundation forStatistical Computing
ISBN 3-900051-07-0
R is free software and comes withABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it undercertain conditions.
Type 'license()' or 'licence()' fordistribution details.
Natural language support but running in an English locale
R is a collaborative project with manycontributors.
Type 'contributors()' for more informationand
'citation()' on how to cite R or R packagesin publications.
Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' foron-line help, or
'help.start()' for an HTML browserinterface to help.
Type 'q()' to quit R.
>vol=trees[["Girth"]]^2*trees[["Height"]]/(4*pi)
> hist(vol,col=1)
>
然后弹出窗口。