网上关于升级glibc的文章不少，但没有一篇能成功的，本人被坑过无数次，以至后来能避就避，今天自己在虚拟机上实验，终于成功，我把升级过程记录下来，为网友提供完整的升级方法。
升级是在ubuntu下进行的，但是其他系统升级也类似，我的系统版本：
Linux ubuntu 3.19.0-25-generic #26~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 24 21:16:20 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
准备两个Linux系统, 一个是你要升级glibc的系统B, 另一个B用于glibc升级失败之后恢复,
它能挂载升级失败的系统的根文件系统, 恢复失败的系统.
首先配置系统B,
安装 nfs 服务
配置成 A能以root身份访问B
做法:
服务器B安装 nfs服务
sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server
然后启动nfs服务:
sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start
编辑/etc/exports,加入:
/ A_ip(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
然后重启动nfs服务:
sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart
配好之后 登录系统A
挂载系统B的根文件系统
mkdir /mnt/glibc-upgrade
sudo mount -t nfs B_ip:/ /mnt/glibc-upgrade
1.登录系统B
下载最新版本的glibc
git clone git://sourceware.org/git/glibc.git
cd glibc
git checkout --track -b local_glibc-2.25 origin/release/2.25/master
2.
mkdir build-glibc
cd build-glibc
../glibc/configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install install_root=~/share/src-glibc-2.25/system_fake_root
ll ~/share/src-glibc-2.25/system_fake_root
查看glibc安装时会修改哪些文件,
将这些文件进行备份(安全起见, 以便升级失败恢复原来的系统, 一定要备份)
我的glibc安装会修改以下文件
xxx@ubuntu:~/share/git-glibc-src/system_fake_root$ ll
total 28
drwxrwxr-x 7 liuwb liuwb 4096 Apr 7 00:26 ./
drwxrwxr-x 5 liuwb liuwb 4096 Apr 7 00:20 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 00:26 etc/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 00:26 lib64/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 00:26 sbin/
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Apr 7 00:22 usr/
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 7 00:23 var/
以上是glibc源代码 make install 会修改的目录
liuwb@ubuntu:~/share/git-glibc-src/system_fake_root$ ll lib64/
total 18768
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 00:26 ./
drwxrwxr-x 7 liuwb liuwb 4096 Apr 7 00:26 ../
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 863537 Apr 7 00:26 ld-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Apr 7 00:26 ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -> ld-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 75101 Apr 7 00:26 libanl-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 7 00:26 libanl.so.1 -> libanl-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19640 Apr 7 00:25 libBrokenLocale-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Apr 7 00:26 libBrokenLocale.so.1 -> libBrokenLocale-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10177656 Apr 7 00:26 libc-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 275419 Apr 7 00:26 libcidn-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Apr 7 00:26 libcidn.so.1 -> libcidn-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 136272 Apr 7 00:26 libcrypt-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Apr 7 00:26 libcrypt.so.1 -> libcrypt-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Apr 7 00:26 libc.so.6 -> libc-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 97704 Apr 7 00:26 libdl-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Apr 7 00:26 libdl.so.2 -> libdl-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4219769 Apr 7 00:26 libm-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 46984 Apr 7 00:26 libmemusage.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Apr 7 00:26 libm.so.6 -> libm-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 194650 Apr 7 00:26 libmvec-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Apr 7 00:26 libmvec.so.1 -> libmvec-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 575386 Apr 7 00:26 libnsl-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Apr 7 00:26 libnsl.so.1 -> libnsl-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 158298 Apr 7 00:26 libnss_db-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Apr 7 00:26 libnss_db.so.2 -> libnss_db-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 94107 Apr 7 00:26 libnss_dns-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Apr 7 00:26 libnss_dns.so.2 -> libnss_dns-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 249089 Apr 7 00:26 libnss_files-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Apr 7 00:26 libnss_files.so.2 -> libnss_files-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 87402 Apr 7 00:26 libnss_hesiod-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Apr 7 00:26 libnss_hesiod.so.2 -> libnss_hesiod-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12334 Apr 7 00:26 libpcprofile.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 970407 Apr 7 00:26 libpthread-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Apr 7 00:26 libpthread.so.0 -> libpthread-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 370842 Apr 7 00:26 libresolv-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Apr 7 00:26 libresolv.so.2 -> libresolv-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 200745 Apr 7 00:26 librt-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Apr 7 00:26 librt.so.1 -> librt-2.25.90.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 70685 Apr 7 00:26 libSegFault.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 238153 Apr 7 00:26 libthread_db-1.0.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Apr 7 00:26 libthread_db.so.1 -> libthread_db-1.0.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 32122 Apr 7 00:26 libutil-2.25.90.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Apr 7 00:26 libutil.so.1 -> libutil-2.25.90.so*
虽然glibc安装时不会修改/lib 下的文件, 也要将 /lib 目录备份, 因为/lib下的lib依赖
的还是旧版本的glibc, 而系统A就是在这里起关键作用, 系统A负责把 /lib 依赖旧版本的lib
改为依赖新版本的lib
3.sudo make install
这个时候通常是失败的, 我的系统提示是
coredump
具体是:
/home/liuwb/share/glibc-2.25-build/elf/sln /home/liuwb/share/glibc-2.25-build/elf/symlink.list
rm -f /home/liuwb/share/glibc-2.25-build/elf/symlink.list
make[1]: *** [install-symbolic-link] Segmentation fault (core dumped)
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/liuwb/share/glibc'
make: *** [install] Error 2
这是因为/home/liuwb/share/glibc-2.25-build/elf/sln /home/liuwb/share/glibc-2.25-build/elf/symlink.list
修改了 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 它指向了新版本的
#ll /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -> /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.25.90.so*
然而
ldd /bin/ls
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff474e0000)
libselinux.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007fdceab17000)
libacl.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libacl.so.1 (0x00007fdcea90f000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fdcea54a000)
libpcre.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3 (0x00007fdcea30c000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fdcea108000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fdcead3a000)
libattr.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libattr.so.1 (0x00007fdce9f03000)
ls 依赖的 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 -> libc-2.19.so* 这还是旧版本的libc~
rm 也一样的
所以 Segmentation fault (core dumped) 了
那为啥 ld-VERSION.so 和 libc-VERSION.so 版本不一致会core呢?
这是因为:
ldd /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f49dc122000)
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffd6f531000)
libc.so.6 -> libc-VERSION.so 依赖 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
而 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -> ld-VERSION.so
4.A系统登场
只需要
cd 到B系统的根目录,
ln -sf libc-VERSION-NEW.so /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
我的B系统的glibc安装都安装到了 /lib64/ 目录下
把 /lib64/ 目录下的 libxxx-VERSION-NEW.so 拷贝到 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ 下
把 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxxx.x.1.so.x => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxxx-VERSION-OLD.x.1.x.so
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxxx.x.1.so.x => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxxx-VERSION-NEW.x.1.x.so
5.再到 B系统验证一下一些常用的命令是否能用
如果命令都能正确运行, 系统的大多数命令就已经可以用了, 也没必要再make install了(上次的make install 不是没成功嘛)
但是我还是进行了第二次 make install, 结果报下面的错误:
/usr/bin/install -c /home/liuwb/share/git-glibc-src/build/elf/ld.so /lib64/ld-2.25.90.so.new
mv -f /lib64/ld-2.25.90.so.new /lib64/ld-2.25.90.so
/usr/bin/install -c /home/liuwb/share/git-glibc-src/build/libc.so /lib64/libc-2.25.90.so.new
mv -f /lib64/libc-2.25.90.so.new /lib64/libc-2.25.90.so
rm -f /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
ln -s `../scripts/rellns-sh -p /lib64/ld-2.25.90.so /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2` /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
make[2]: /bin/sh: Command not found
make[2]: *** [/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2] Error 127
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/liuwb/share/git-glibc-src/glibc/elf'
make[1]: *** [elf/ldso_install] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/liuwb/share/git-glibc-src/glibc'
make: *** [install] Error 2
注意:
rm -f /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
ln -s `../scripts/rellns-sh -p /lib64/ld-2.25.90.so /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2` /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
第一次 make install 的时候, 会修改/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 指向新版本的 ld-VERSION-NEW.so
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -> /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.25.90.so*
已经是新版本的了
第二次 make install 的话, install还要把/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 删掉,
这样就导致了install要执行 ln -s 命令执行不了了,
为啥执行不了呢?
我在A系统上看B系统的/bin/ln
ldd ./bin/ln
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffe08b6b000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fb14f0c3000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fb14f488000)
它是依赖 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 的,
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 如果都被删掉了, 自然ln命令执行不了了
于是 我又在A系统手动执行下面这两条命令
cd lib64/
ln -sf ld-2.25.90.so ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
这样B系统又能ls,ln了
总之我觉得第一次make install失败了, 从A系统修改指向旧版本的软连接之后, B系统重新能运行大部分命令
就算升级成功了....
并且用一个小小的输出当前glibc版本的c程序, 也输出新版本了
#include <stdio.h>
#include <gnu/libc-version.h>
int main (void) { puts (gnu_get_libc_version ()); return 0; }
liuwb@ubuntu:~/share/check_glibc_version$ gcc main.c
liuwb@ubuntu:~/share/check_glibc_version$ ./a.out
2.25.90
然后我觉得应该成功了,如果以后发现还有问题再来补充吧, 继续完成glibc升级大业.
如果在B系统执行命令有这样的错误
Illegal Instruction(coredump)
检查一下是否还有一些库没替换成新版本的
--------------------------------------------------------------
../glibc/configure --prefix=/usr --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu
../glibc/configure --prefix=/usr --host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
make CFLAGS+=-mtune=x86_64
make时
make CFLAGS+=-mtune=i686
如果 cc1:all warnings being treated as errors
../glibc/configure --prefix=/usr --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --disable-werror
#error "glibc cannot be compiled without optimization"',