1.系统准备
安装Ubuntu13.10，设置源，之后sudo apt-get update和sudo apt-get upgrade
2.相关软件准备
（1）安装ant
sudo apt-get install ant1.7,检查安装情况ant -version出现
Apache Ant version 1.7.1 compiled on September 3 2011
表明安装成功。
（2）jdk安装配置
从官网下载jdk，解压到目录/opt/jdk
环境变量配置：sudo gedit /etc/profile文末添加内容
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
保存推出，source /etc/profile使配置生效。
检验：java -version和java均有内容（内容省了粘贴）
（3）nutch
下载nutch1.7，解压到/opt/nutch
cd /opt/nutch
bin/nutch
此时会出现用法帮助，表示安装成功了。下面进行相关配置。
step1：修改文件conf/nutch-site.xml，设置HTTP请求中agent的名字：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>http.agent.name</name>
<value>Friendly Crawler</value>
</property>
</configuration>
step2:创建种子文件夹
mkdir -p urls
step3:将种子URL写到文件urls/seed.txt中：sudo gedit seed.txt
step4:配置 conf/regex-urlfilter.txt
# accept anything else
# +.
# added by yoyo
+36kr.com
step5:修改conf/nutch-site.xml，在里面增加一个parser.skip.truncated属性:
<property>
<name>parser.skip.truncated</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
这是因为用tcpdump或者wireshark抓包发现，该网站的页面内容采用truncate的方式分段返回，而nutch的默认设置是不处理这种方式的，需要打开之，
参考：http://lucene.472066.n3.nabble.com/Content-Truncation-in-Nutch-2-1-MySQL-td4038888.html
step6:爬取实验
bin/nutch crawl urls -dir crawl
（4）Solr安装
下载solr4.6，解压到/opt/solr
cd /opt/solr/example
java -jar start.jar
如能正常打开网页http://localhost:8983/solr/则说明成功。
3.Nutch与Solr集成
（1）环境变量设置：
sudo gedit /etc/profile 添加
export NUTCH_RUNTIME_HOME=/opt/nutch
export APACHE_SOLR_HOME=/opt/solr
（2）集成
mkdir ${APACHE_SOLR_HOME}/example/solr/conf
cp ${NUTCH_RUNTIME_HOME}/conf/schema.xml ${APACHE_SOLR_HOME}/example/solr/conf/
重启solr：
java -jar start.jar
建立索引：
bin/nutch crawl urls -dir crawl -depth 2 -topN 5 -solrhttp://localhost:8983/solr/
出错：
Active IndexWriters :
SOLRIndexWriter
solr.server.url : URL of the SOLR instance (mandatory)
solr.commit.size : buffer size when sending to SOLR (default 1000)
solr.mapping.file : name of the mapping file for fields (default solrindex-mapping.xml)
solr.auth : use authentication (default false)
solr.auth.username : use authentication (default false)
solr.auth : username for authentication
solr.auth.password : password for authentication
Exception in thread "main" java.io.IOException: Job failed!
at org.apache.Hadoop.mapred.JobClient.runJob(JobClient.java:1357)
at org.apache.nutch.indexer.IndexingJob.index(IndexingJob.java:123)
at org.apache.nutch.indexer.IndexingJob.index(IndexingJob.java:81)
at org.apache.nutch.indexer.IndexingJob.index(IndexingJob.java:65)
at org.apache.nutch.crawl.Crawl.run(Crawl.java:155)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:65)
at org.apache.nutch.crawl.Crawl.main(Crawl.java:55)
解决方法是参考http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13429481/error-while-indexing-in-solr-data-crawled-by-nutch
类似的还有其他一些字段需要补充，方法是编辑 ~/solr-4.4.0/example/solr/collection1/conf/schema.xml，在<field>…</fields>中增加以下的字段：
<fields> <field name="host" type="string" stored="false" indexed="true"/>
<field name="digest" type="string" stored="true" indexed="false"/>
<field name="segment" type="string" stored="true" indexed="false"/>
<field name="boost" type="float" stored="true" indexed="false"/>
<field name="tstamp" type="date" stored="true" indexed="false"/></fields>
（3）验证
rm crawl/ -Rf
bin/nutch crawl urls -dir crawl -depth 2 -topN 5 -solrhttp://localhost:8983/solr/
…………
…………
CrawlDb update: Merging segment data into db.
CrawlDb update: finished at 2014-03-03 08:55:30, elapsed: 00:00:01
LinkDb: starting at 2014-03-03 08:55:30
LinkDb: linkdb: crawl/linkdb
LinkDb: URL normalize: true
LinkDb: URL filter: true
LinkDb: internal links will be ignored.
LinkDb: adding segment: file:/opt/nutch/crawl/segments/20140303085430
LinkDb: adding segment: file:/opt/nutch/crawl/segments/20140303085441
LinkDb: finished at 2014-03-03 08:55:31, elapsed: 00:00:01
Indexer: starting at 2014-03-03 08:55:31
Indexer: deleting gone documents: false
Indexer: URL filtering: false
Indexer: URL normalizing: false
Active IndexWriters :
SOLRIndexWriter
solr.server.url : URL of the SOLR instance (mandatory)
solr.commit.size : buffer size when sending to SOLR (default 1000)
solr.mapping.file : name of the mapping file for fields (default solrindex-mapping.xml)
solr.auth : use authentication (default false)
solr.auth.username : use authentication (default false)
solr.auth : username for authentication
solr.auth.password : password for authentication
Indexer: finished at 2014-03-03 08:55:35, elapsed: 00:00:03
SolrDeleteDuplicates: starting at 2014-03-03 08:55:35
SolrDeleteDuplicates: Solr url: http://localhost:8983/solr/
SolrDeleteDuplicates: finished at, elapsed: 00:00:01
crawl finished: crawl
检索抓取到的内容，用浏览器打开 http://localhost:8983/solr/#/collection1/query ，点击Excute Query即可。